Don haka, me yasa saurin watsawar sadarwar fiber-optic ke da sauri haka? Menene sadarwar fiber? Menene fa'ida da gazawarsa idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa? A wanne fanni ne ake amfani da fasahar a halin yanzu?
Isar da bayanai tare da haske a cikin fiberglass.
A matsayin hanyar sadarwa mai waya, sadarwar fiber-optic ba zai iya biyan bukatun wayar hannu ba. A rayuwar yau da kullun, sadarwar mu ta hannu tana amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa mara waya, kuma kasancewar sadarwar gani ba ta da ƙarfi.
"Amma a zahiri, fiye da 90% na bayanan ana watsa su ta hanyar fiber optics. Ana haɗa wayar hannu zuwa tashar tushe ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa mara waya, kuma watsa siginar tsakanin tashoshin tushe galibi ya dogara da fiber na gani."He Zhixue, mataimakin darektan ofishin bincike na tsarin gani na Jiha Key Laboratory na Optical Fiber Communication Network Technology, ya ce a wata hira da kimiyya da fasaha Daily.
Fiber na gani shine fiber na gani wanda ke da siriri kamar gashi, ana iya binne shi kai tsaye, a sama, ko kuma a sanya shi a saman teku.Saboda nauyinsa mai sauƙi, saukakawa, da ƙarancin kuɗi na samar da albarkatun ƙasa, a ƙarshe ya maye gurbin babban kebul ɗin. a matsayin matsakaicin watsa sigina na al'ada.
A takaice dai, sadarwa ta fiber optic shine aikace-aikacen gama gari na sadarwa na gani, kamar fitilolin zirga-zirgar na'urar hangen nesa, da sauransu, suna amfani da yanayi don yada hasken da ake iya gani, na cikin watsawar gani na gani sadarwa shine amfani da fiber gilashi a cikin haske. watsa bayanai.
Wani ma'aikacin sadarwa na gani ya gaya wa sci-tech kullum cewa siginar gani ba ta lalacewa yayin watsawa fiye da siginar lantarki. Ya bayyana cewa, alal misali, siginar gani yana rubewa daga 1 zuwa 0.99 bayan kilomita 100, yayin da siginar lantarki ke lalacewa daga 1 zuwa 0.5 bayan kilomita 1 kacal.
Daga ra'ayi na ka'ida, ainihin abubuwan abubuwan da ke haifar da sadarwar fiber na gani sune tushen hasken fiber na gani da kuma gano abin gani.
Babban iya aiki da damar watsawa mai nisa
A cewar rahotanni, babbar hanyar samun hanyar sadarwa ta fiber-optic ita ce fiber-to-the-gida, wato, haɗa fiber ɗin kai tsaye zuwa wurin da mai amfani da shi ke buƙata, ta yadda zai iya samun bayanai masu yawa ta hanyar amfani da zaren.
“Hanyar sadarwa mara igiyar waya tana da sauƙin shiga tsakani na lantarki, kuma hanyar watsa na USB tana da tsadar kwanciya. Sabanin haka, sadarwar fiber na gani yana da fa'idodi na babban iya aiki, damar watsa nisa mai nisa, kyakkyawan sirri, da daidaitawa mai ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, fiber yana da ƙananan girman kuma mai sauƙin amfani. Gine-gine da kulawa, farashin albarkatun ƙasa su ma sun yi ƙasa sosai.” Ya ce Zhixue.
Kodayake sadarwar fiber-optic tana da fa'idodin da ke sama, ba za a iya yin watsi da nata gajeriyar allo ba. Misali, fiber ɗin yana karye kuma cikin sauƙin karyewa. Bugu da ƙari, yanke ko haɗa fiber yana buƙatar amfani da takamaiman na'ura. Ya kamata a lura cewa gina birane ko bala'o'i na iya haifar da gazawar layin fiber cikin sauƙi.
A aikace-aikace na zahiri, fahimtar watsa fiber na gani ya dogara ne akan na'urar ƙarshen watsawa ta gani da na'urar karɓar ƙarshen gani. Na'urar ƙarshen watsawar gani na iya daidaitawa da jujjuya siginar na'urar gani da hasken wuta, ta haka za ta canza siginar lantarki zuwa siginar gani da fiber na gani ke ɗauka. Ƙarshen karɓa na gani yana yin jujjuyawar juyi kuma yana iya lalata siginar lantarki. Ƙarshen karɓa na gani da ƙarshen watsawa na gani suna haɗe ta hanyar haɗin kai zuwa kebul na gani don gane watsawa, watsawa, liyafar da nunin bayanai.
Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da manyan kayan masana'antu sun dogara da shigo da kaya
Filayen gani da aka fi amfani da su galibi daidaitattun filayen gani guda ɗaya ne. A ka'idar, saurin watsa bayanai a kowane lokaci naúrar kusan 140 Tbit/s. Idan saurin watsa bayanai ya kai wannan iyaka, zai haifar da cunkoson bayanai. Fiber yanayin guda ɗaya yawanci fiber ne wanda ke iya watsa yanayi ɗaya kawai.
A halin yanzu, daidaitattun hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic-mode guda ɗaya ɗaya ne daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwar da masu aiki ke amfani da su. Ƙarfin watsawa na wannan yanayin shine 16 Tbit/s, wanda har yanzu bai kai ƙimar ƙayyadadden ƙima ba. “Sabon rikodin na 1.06Pbit/s, wanda aka buga a farkon wannan shekara, ya samo asali ne sakamakon ci gaba da aka samu a fasahar sadarwa ta fiber-optic guda ɗaya, amma irin wannan saurin yana da wahala a samu ta hanyar kasuwanci cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. lokaci." Ya ce Zhixue.
A fasaha, idan aka kwatanta da yanayin guda ɗaya, yanayin watsa fiber multi-core yana da fa'ida mafi girma wajen samun babban gudu, amma wannan yanayin har yanzu yana kan gaba, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin ci gaba a cikin fasahar fasaha, mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, da na'urorin hardware. .
Bayan shekaru 5 zuwa 10, a ƙarƙashin haɓakar buƙatun aikace-aikacen, za a iya fara amfani da mahimman fasahar 1.06Pbit/s ultra-manyan iya aiki guda ɗaya-mode Multi-core Optical fiber watsa tsarin zuwa wasu yanayi na musamman, kamar watsawar transoceanic da wasu. babban cibiyar Data." Ya ce Zhixue.
A halin yanzu, fasahar sadarwar gani ta kasar Sin za ta iya yin gogayya da matakin ci gaba na kasa da kasa, amma har yanzu tana fuskantar matsaloli da dama. Misali, tushen masana'antu da ya dace yana da rauni, rashin asali da fasahar cin gashin kai, da ƙarancin albarkatun fiber optic. "A halin yanzu, manyan kayan aikin da ake buƙata don kera kayan fiber kamar zanen waya da iskan fiber sun dogara da shigo da kaya." Ya ce Zhixue.
A sa'i daya kuma, manyan na'urori da kwakwalwan kwamfuta da ke da alaka da sadarwar fiber na gani, galibi kasashen da suka ci gaba ne ke sarrafa su kamar Amurka da Japan.
Dangane da haka, He Zhixue ya ba da shawarar cewa, ya zama dole a karfafa bincike na ka'idar da ya dace, da yin aiki mai kyau na tsarin dogon lokaci na manyan fasahohin zamani, da hasashen yanayin ci gaban fasaha, da kuma tsalle daga tsarin sake zagayowar fasaha na "bibiya" -lag-sake-bibi-da koma baya”.
Bugu da kari, He Zhixue ya jaddada cewa, ya zama dole a kara zuba jari a fannin bincike da bunkasuwa, da tsarawa da sarrafa manyan na'urori masu inganci da na'urori masu inganci, da karfafa sha'awar fasahar R&D, da mai da hankali kan kare nasarorin da aka samu na asali. "Musamman, dole ne mu yi wani babban matakin ƙira, cimma daidaito da haɓakawa a cikin ma'aikata, ababen more rayuwa, da manufofi, da kuma inganta ƙarfin tallafi na masana'antu masu dacewa," in ji shi.