Dangane da buƙatun masu amfani daban-daban, nau'ikan sabis daban-daban, da haɓaka fasahar fasaha a matakai daban-daban, nau'in tsarin sadarwar fiber na gani na iya bambanta.
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da babban adadin tsarin tsarin don tsarin sadarwar dijital na fiber na gani na ƙarfin daidaitawa / gano kai tsaye (IM / DD). An nuna tsarin toshe tsarin wannan tsarin a hoto na 1. Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga wannan adadi, tsarin sadarwar dijital fiber na gani ya ƙunshi na'urar watsawa ta gani, fiber na gani, da na'urar karban gani.
Hoto 1 Tsarin tsari na tsarin sadarwa na dijital fiber na gani
A cikin tsarin sadarwa na fiber-to-point Optical fiber sadarwa tsarin, tsarin watsa siginar: siginar shigarwar da aka aika zuwa tashar watsawa na gani an canza shi zuwa tsarin lambar da ya dace da watsawa a cikin fiber na gani bayan fassarar ƙirar, da kuma ƙarfin hasken. Modulation na kewayawa yana sarrafa tushen kai tsaye, ta yadda fitowar wutar lantarki ta hanyar haske ta canza tare da siginar shigar da halin yanzu, wato, tushen hasken yana kammala canjin lantarki / na gani kuma yana aika siginar wutar lantarki mai dacewa zuwa fiber na gani. don watsawa; a kan layukan tsarin sadarwa, a halin yanzu, fiber na gani guda ɗaya Wannan shi ne saboda mafi kyawun halayen watsawa; bayan siginar ta kai ƙarshen karɓa, za a fara gano siginar shigar da kayan gani kai tsaye ta hanyar mai daukar hoto don kammala jujjuyawar gani/lantarki, sannan a ƙara girma, daidaitawa, da yanke hukunci. Jerin sarrafawa don mayar da shi zuwa asalin siginar lantarki, ta haka ne ya kammala aikin watsawa gaba ɗaya.
Domin tabbatar da ingancin sadarwa, dole ne a samar da na'urar mai maimaita gani a tazarar da ta dace tsakanin na'urori. Akwai manyan nau'ikan maimaitawar gani guda biyu a cikin sadarwa ta fiber optic, ɗayan mai maimaitawa ta hanyar canza yanayin gani-lantarki-optical, ɗayan kuma na'urar haɓakar gani kai tsaye yana haɓaka siginar gani.
A cikin tsarin sadarwa na fiber na gani, manyan abubuwan da ke ƙayyade nisa na relay shine asarar fiber na gani da bandwidth watsawa.
Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da raguwar fiber kowace raka'a tsawon watsawa a cikin fiber don wakiltar asarar fiber, kuma sashinsa shine dB / km. A halin yanzu, fiber na gani na silica mai amfani yana da asarar kusan 2 dB / km a cikin rukunin 0.8 zuwa 0.9 μm; asarar 5 dB / km a 1.31 μm; kuma a 1.55 μm, za a iya rage asarar zuwa 0.2 dB / km, wanda ke kusa da Ƙimar ka'idar SiO2 asarar fiber. A al'adance, 0.85 μm ana kiransa gajeren zangon sadarwa na fiber optic; 1.31 μm da 1.55 μm ana kiran su dogon zangon sadarwar fiber na gani. Waɗannan tagogi ne masu ƙarancin asarar aiki guda uku a cikin sadarwar fiber na gani.
A cikin sadarwar fiber na gani na dijital, ana watsa bayanai ta kasancewar ko rashi na sigina na gani a kowane ramin lokaci. Saboda haka, nisan gudun ba da sanda kuma yana iyakance ta hanyar bandwidth watsa fiber. Gabaɗaya, MHz.km ana amfani da shi azaman naúrar watsa bandwidth kowane tsawon raka'a na fiber. Idan an ba da bandwidth na wani fiber a matsayin 100MHz.km, yana nufin cewa siginar bandwidth 100MHz kawai aka yarda a watsa akan kowane kilomita na fiber. Tsawon nisa da ƙarami na watsa watsawa, ƙananan ƙarfin sadarwa.