Sadarwar Fiber-optic (FTTx) ko da yaushe ana ɗaukarsa azaman mafi kyawun hanyar samun damar buɗaɗɗen faɗaɗa bayan samun damar DSL. Ba kamar na kowa Twisted biyu sadarwa, yana da mafi girma aiki mita da kuma girma iya aiki (na iya dogara ne a kan masu amfani bukatar hažaka zuwa keɓaɓɓen bandwidth na 10-100Mbps), m attenuation, babu wani karfi lantarki tsangwama, karfi anti-electromagnetic bugun jini iyawa, mai kyau sirri da kuma haka kuma.
Fiber Broadband Communications (FTTx) ya haɗa da nau'ikan hanyoyin samun dama kamar FTTP gama gari (Fiber zuwa Presise, FiberToThePremise), FTTB (Fiber zuwa Gine-gine, FiberToTheBuilding), FTTC (Fiber zuwa Roadside, FiberToTheCurb), FTTN (Fiber zuwa Unguwa, FiberToTheNeighborhood), FTTZ (Fiber zuwa Zone, FiberToTheZone), FTTO (Fiber zuwa Office, FiberToTheOffice), FTTH (Fiber zuwa Gida ko Fiber zuwa Gida, FiberToTheHome).
FTTH shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don fiber don shiga gida kai tsaye
Ga yawancin masu amfani da gida, FTTH shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. Wannan fom na iya haɗa fiber na gani da naúrar cibiyar sadarwa ta gani (ONU) kai tsaye zuwa gida. Yana da dama na fiber broadband damar ban da FTTD (fiber zuwa tebur, FiberToTheDesk). Siffar hanyar yin amfani da fiber wanda ya fi kusanci ga mai amfani.Tare da haɓaka nau'ikan hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta fiber, ya kamata a lura cewa hanyar sadarwar FTTH na yanzu ba kawai tana nufin fiber zuwa gida ba, kuma gabaɗaya tana magana akan fiber iri-iri. -zuwa-gida-gida nau'i kamar FTTO, FTTD, da FTTN.
Bugu da ƙari, mai karatu ya kula da bambancin dake tsakanin tsarin "FTTx + LAN (fiber + LAN)" na yanzu don fahimtar FTTH.FTTx + LAN shine hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa wanda ke aiwatar da "100Mbps zuwa cell ko gini, 1 -10Mbps zuwa gida" ta amfani da fiber +5 murɗaɗɗen yanayin biyu -canzada kuma ofishin tsakiyacanzada naúrar cibiyar sadarwa ta gani (ONU) Haɗe, tantanin halitta yana amfani da nau'i na 5 murɗaɗɗen cabling biyu, kuma adadin samun damar mai amfani zai iya kaiwa 1-10Mbps.
Sabanin tsarin keɓancewar bandwidth na iyali guda ɗaya na FTTH, bandwidth na FTTx+LAN ana raba shi ta masu amfani da yawa ko iyalai. Lokacin da yawancin masu amfani da aka raba, bandwidth ko saurin hanyar sadarwa na FTTx + LAN yana da wuyar garanti.
Matsayin fasaha na FTTH
A halin yanzu, yana da alama cewa bandwidth-keɓaɓɓen ADSL2 + da FTTH sun zama al'ada na ci gaba da haɓakawa a gaba. FSAN, da ma'auni guda biyu na EPON (EthernetPON) wanda ƙungiyar aiki ta IEEE802.3ah ta haɓaka suna fafatawa.
Fasahar GPON sabuwar tsara ce ta watsa shirye-shiryen madaidaicin hadedde na gani na gani bisa ma'aunin ITU-TG.984.x. Yawan bandwidth da ake samu shine kusan 1111Mbit/s. Kodayake fasahar tana da rikitarwa, tana da babban bandwidth, babban inganci, babban ɗaukar hoto da masu amfani. Wasu ma'aikatan Turai da Amurka suna la'akari da fa'idodin mu'amala mai wadatarwa a matsayin ingantattun fasahohi don sabis na hanyar sadarwar hanyar sadarwa.
Maganin EPON yana da kyakkyawan haɓaka kuma yana iya gane nau'ikan hanyoyin fiber-zuwa-gida
EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) kuma sabon nau'in fasahar hanyar sadarwar fiber ne. Ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa mai inganci shine 1000 Mbit/s. Yana ɗaukar tsarin ma'ana-zuwa-multipoint da watsa fiber na gani, kuma yana iya samar da nau'ikan iri iri-iri akan Ethernet. Kasuwancin ya haɗu da fa'idodin fasahar PON da fasahar Ethernet, yana nuna ƙarancin farashi, babban bandwidth, haɓaka mai ƙarfi, dacewa mai kyau tare da Ethernet data kasance, da sauƙin gudanarwa. Ana amfani da ita a Asiya, kamar China da Japan. Ƙari mai faɗi.
Komai tsarin PON fiber ya ƙunshiOLT(Tsarin Layin Na gani, Tashar Layi na gani), POS (Mai Rarraba Na gani na gani),ONU(Tsarin Sadarwar Sadarwar Yanar Gizo) da tsarin sarrafa hanyar sadarwar sa .Waɗannan sassa ana shigar da su ta mai sakawa ISP yayin shigarwa, kuma masu amfani da gida da kansu ba su da sharuɗɗan saita kansu.
Farashin FTTH
Dangane da takamaiman ayyuka, daOLTan sanya shi a ofishin tsakiya na ISP kuma yana da alhakin haɗin kai, gudanarwa, da kuma kula da tashar sarrafawa.Matsakaicin nisa na watsawa tsakaninOLTda kumaONUiya isa 10-20km ko fiye. TheOLTyana da kewayon aiki don gwada tazara mai ma'ana tsakanin kowaneONUda kumaOLT, kuma bisa ga haka, daONUan umurce shi don daidaita jinkirin watsa siginar don yin daban. Sigina da aka watsa ta hanyarONUna nisa za a iya daidai multixed tare aOLT.OLTna'urorin gabaɗaya kuma suna da aikin rarraba bandwidth, wanda zai iya ware takamaiman bandwidth ta hanyarOLTbisa ga bukatun daONU. Bugu da ƙari, daOLTna'urar tana da alama-zuwa-multipoint cibiya, da kuma waniOLTiya ɗaukar 32ONU(kuma za'a iya ƙarawa daga baya), da dukaONUkarkashin kowaceOLTraba bandwidth na 1G ta hanyar rarraba lokaci mai yawa, wato, kowaneONUna iya samar da babba da ƙasa Matsakaicin bandwidth shine 1 Gbps.
A POS passive fiber splitter, splitter ko splitter, shi ne m na'urar da ya haɗu daOLTda kumaONU. Ayyukansa shine rarraba sigina na gani na shigarwa (ƙasa) zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa masu yawa, yana ba da damar masu amfani da yawa zuwa Fiber guda ɗaya don raba bandwidth; a cikin sama hanya, maharaONUSigina na gani suna rarrabuwar lokaci-lokaci zuwa fiber ɗaya.
ONUgabaɗaya yana da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na 1-32 100M kuma ana iya haɗa su zuwa tashoshin sadarwa daban-daban
TheONUwata na'ura ce da UE ke amfani da ita don samun dama ga mai amfani na ƙarshe ko corridorcanza. Fiber na gani guda ɗaya na iya ninka-yawan bayanai na mahara lokaci lokaciONUzuwa dayaOLTtashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar m mai raba gani.Saboda ma'ana-zuwa-multipoint itace topology, an rage saka hannun jari na na'urar tarawa, da kuma cibiyar sadarwa matakin ne kuma a fili.ONUna'urori suna da takamaimancanzaayyuka. Haɗin haɗin kai shine ƙirar PON. An haɗa shi zuwa allon dubawa naOLTna'urar ta hanyar m na gani splitter. An haɗa haɗin ƙasa ta hanyar 1-32 100-Gigabit ko Gigabit RJ45 tashar jiragen ruwa. Na'urorin bayanai, kamarmasu sauyawa, broadbandhanyoyin sadarwa, kwamfutoci, wayoyin IP, akwatunan saiti, da dai sauransu, suna ba da damar tura batu-zuwa-multipoint.
Yadda ake sadarwa a cikin iyali
Gabaɗaya, FTTH zuwaONUkayan aikin tashar za su samar da aƙalla 100M RJ45 musaya. Ga masu amfani waɗanda ke da kwamfutoci huɗu waɗanda aka haɗa ta hanyar katunan sadarwar waya, za su iya biyan buƙatun kwamfutoci da yawa suna raba hanyar Intanet a cikin gida. Bugu da ƙari, don cibiyoyin sadarwar FTTH ta amfani da IP mai tsauri, masu amfani kuma za su iya haɗawa zuwamasu sauyawako APs mara waya don faɗaɗa hanyoyin sadarwar waya da mara waya kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Broadband na yanzuhanyoyin sadarwazai iya tallafawa daidaitattun hanyoyin samun damar FTTH
Don tashoshi na FTTH waɗanda kawai ke ba da ƙirar 100M RJ45 ta amfani da tsayayyen IP, ana iya ƙara su ta hanyar faɗaɗa.na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwako mara wayana'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.A cikin saitin, kawai a cikin saitin saitin WEB nana'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, nemo zaɓin "WAN port", zaɓi nau'in haɗin tashar WAN a matsayin "tsayayyen IP", sa'an nan kuma shigar da adireshin IP da subnet ɗin da ISP ya bayar a cikin mahallin mai zuwa. Abin rufe fuska, ƙofa da adireshin DNS duk daidai ne.
Bugu da kari, masu amfani da na'urorin watsa labarai da aka sayahanyoyin sadarwako mara wayahanyoyin sadarwaya kamata a yi amfani da shi azaman acanzako mara waya ta AP a cikin hanyar sadarwar FTTH. Kula da abubuwan da ke biyo baya yayin saitawa: Don amfani da wayana'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwakamar acanzako AP mara waya, saka filogi masu murɗaɗɗen biyu daga cikinONUna'urar kai tsaye zuwa kowane keɓancewa a cikin tashar LAN na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa. A cikin management page nana'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, kashe aikin uwar garken DHCP wanda aka buɗe ta tsohuwa.Sai adireshin IP nana'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwada kumaONUna'urar ta amfani da IP mai tsauri azaman ɓangaren cibiyar sadarwa iri ɗaya.
Tunda samun damar fiber yana samar da bandwidth mara iyaka, Fiber zuwa Gida (FTTH) an san shi da "sarki" na zamanin watsa shirye-shirye kuma shine babban burin ci gaban watsa labarai. Bayan an isar da fiber ɗin zuwa gida, saurin Intanet na mai amfani zai iya ƙara ƙaruwa sosai. Yana ɗaukar ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan kawai don saukar da fim ɗin DVD mai nauyin MB 500, wanda ya ninka saurin ADSL sau goma. Tare da ci gaba da rage farashin FTTH erection, haske zuwa gida yana motsawa daga mafarki zuwa gaskiya.