1. Gabatarwar hanyar sadarwa ta EPON
EPON(Ethernet Passive Optical Network) fasaha ce ta hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta fiber mai tasowa, wacce ke ɗaukar tsari-zuwa-multipoint tsarin, yanayin watsa fiber na gani mai ƙarfi, dangane da dandamalin Ethernet mai sauri da Rarraba lokaci MAC (MediaAccessControl) yanayin ikon sarrafa kafofin watsa labarai, Samar da fasahohin samun dama ga hanyoyin sadarwa iri-iri don ayyukan haɗin gwiwa. Abin da ake kira "passive" yana nufin cewa ODN ba ta ƙunshi kowane na'urorin lantarki masu aiki da kayan wuta ba, kuma duk sun ƙunshi na'urori marasa amfani kamar masu rarraba gani (Splitter). Yana amfani da fasahar PON a Layer na jiki, ka'idar Ethernet a layin haɗin gwiwa, kuma yana amfani da PON topology don samun damar Ethernet. Sabili da haka, yana haɗuwa da fa'idodin fasaha na PON da fasahar Ethernet: ƙananan farashi, babban bandwidth, haɓaka mai ƙarfi, daidaitawa da sake tsara sabis na sauri, dacewa tare da Ethernet data kasance, gudanarwa mai dacewa, da sauransu.
EPON na iya gane haɗin murya, bayanai, bidiyo, da sabis na wayar hannu. Tsarin EPON yafi hada daOLT(Tsarin layin gani),ONU(Naúrar cibiyar sadarwa na gani), ONT (Tsarin hanyar sadarwa ta gani) da ODN (cibiyar rarrabawar gani). Yana a matakin hanyar sadarwa na hanyar sadarwa kuma ya fi dacewa da haɗin fiber na gani na sabis na broadband. Ciki
Kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa mai aiki ya haɗa da kayan tara kayan ofis na tsakiya (OLTda naúrar cibiyar sadarwa na gani (Optic Network).ONU). Naúrar hanyar sadarwa ta gani (ONU) yana ba wa masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa tsakanin bayanai, bidiyo, da hanyoyin sadarwar tarho da PON. Matsayin farko naONUshine karɓar siginar gani sannan a canza shi zuwa tsarin da mai amfani ke buƙata (Ethernet, watsawar IP, tarho, T1/E1, da sauransu).OLTAna haɗa kayan aiki zuwa cibiyar sadarwar IP ta hanyar fiber na gani. Gabatarwar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa tana da ɗaukar hoto har zuwa 20km, wanda ke tabbatar da cewaOLTza a iya inganta zuwa ga gargajiya metropolitan convergence kumburi daga farkon mataki na Tantancewar damar cibiyar sadarwa yi, don haka sauƙaƙa da cibiyar sadarwa tsarin na convergence Layer na samun damar cibiyar sadarwa da kuma ajiye Adadin karshen ofisoshin. Bugu da kari, halayen babbar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta gani, babban damar isa ga bandwidth, babban abin dogaro, da damar tallafin matakin QoS masu yawan ayyuka sun kuma sanya juyin halittar hanyar sadarwa zuwa ga hadadden dandamali, hadewa, da ingantaccen dandamali mai daukar kaya.
2. Ka'idoji na asali na EPON Network
Tsarin EPON yana amfani da fasahar WDM don gane watsawar fiber guda ɗaya, ta yin amfani da 1310nm na sama da 1490nm na ƙasa don watsa bayanai da murya, kuma sabis na CATV suna amfani da tsawon tsayin 1550nm don ɗauka. TheOLTan sanya shi a cikin ofishin tsakiya don rarrabawa da sarrafa haɗin tashar tashar, kuma yana da kulawa na ainihi, gudanarwa da ayyukan kulawa. TheONUan sanya shi a gefen mai amfani, da kumaOLTda kumaONUana haɗa su a cikin hanyar 1:16/1:32 ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa mai rarraba kayan gani. Domin raba sigina daga masu amfani da yawa akan fiber iri ɗaya, ana iya amfani da waɗannan dabaru iri-iri biyu masu zuwa.
(1) Rafin bayanan da ke ƙasa yana ɗaukar fasahar watsa shirye-shirye. A cikin EPON, tsarin watsa bayanai daga ƙasaOLTzuwa da yawaONUana aikawa ta hanyar watsa bayanai. Ana watsa bayanai daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasaOLTzuwa da yawaONUa cikin nau'i na fakitin bayanai masu tsayi masu tsayi. Kowane fakitin bayanin yana da kan fakitin EPON, wanda ke bayyana musamman ko an aika fakitin bayanin zuwa gaONU-1,ONU-2 koONU-3. Hakanan ana iya yiwa alama alama azaman fakitin bayanin watsa shirye-shirye da aka aika ga kowaONUko zuwa ga wani takamaimanONUrukuni (fakitin bayanan multicast). Lokacin data isa wurinONU, daONUyana karɓa kuma ya gane fakitin bayanan da aka aika zuwa gare shi ta hanyar daidaita adireshin, kuma yana watsar da fakitin bayanan da aka aika zuwa wasu.ONU. Ana keɓance LLID na musamman bayan an gamaONUan yi rajista; daOLTyana kwatanta lissafin rajistar LLID lokacin karɓar bayanai, da lokacin daONUyana karɓar bayanai, kawai yana karɓar firam ko firam ɗin watsa shirye-shirye waɗanda suka dace da nasa LLID.
(2) kwararar bayanai na sama suna ɗaukar fasahar TDMA. TheOLTkwatanta lissafin rajista na LLID kafin karɓar bayanai; kowanneONUyana aika firam ɗin bayanai a cikin ramin lokaci daidai da kayan aikin ofishi na tsakiyaOLT; Ramin lokacin da aka keɓance (ta hanyar fasahar kewayon) yana rama rata a cikin nisan kowaneONUkuma ya nisanci kowaceONURikici tsakanin
