Rarraba FTTH Fiber Circuit
Tsarin watsawa na FTTH ya kasu kashi uku: Duplex (dual fiber bidirectional) madauki, Simplex (fiber bidirectional) madauki da madauki na Triplex (fiber guda uku) madauki.OLTkarshen da kumaONUkarshen, daya hanya ne a kasa, kuma siginar daga cikinOLTkarshen zuwaONUkarshen; wata hanya ita ce ta sama, kuma siginar ta fito dagaONUkarshen zuwaOLTkarshen.Simplex single-fiber loop kuma ana kiransa Bidirectional, ko BIDI a takaice. Wannan maganin yana amfani da fiber na gani ɗaya kawai don haɗawa daOLTkarshen da kumaONUƙarshe, kuma yana amfani da WDM don watsa sigina na sama da ƙasa tare da sigina na gani na madaidaicin raƙuman ruwa.ONUkarshen mai amfani. Duk da haka, lokacin da ake amfani da hanyar fiber guda ɗaya, mai rarrabawa da mai haɗawa ya kamata a gabatar da shi a cikin na'urar transceiver na gani. Sigina na sama na BIDI yana amfani da watsa laser a cikin 1260 zuwa 1360nm band, kuma magudanar ruwa yana amfani da band ɗin 1480 zuwa 1580nm. A cikin madauki na fiber dual-fiber, duka na sama da na ƙasa suna amfani da band ɗin 1310nm don watsa sigina.
FTTH yana da fasaha guda biyu: Media Converter (MC) da Passive Optical Network (PON). Ana amfani da MC galibi don maye gurbin wayoyi na jan ƙarfe da ake amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar Ethernet na gargajiya, kuma suna ɗaukar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa (P2P) don watsa sabis na 100Mbps zuwa gidajen masu amfani ta hanyar fiber na gani. sigina daga tashar layin gani (optical line terminal)OLT) ƙasa ta hanyar fiber na gani ta hanyar mai raba gani don watsa siginar gani zuwa kowane tashar sadarwa ta gani (ONU/T), ta haka ne ƙwarai rage ɗakin kayan aiki na cibiyar sadarwa da kuma farashin kayan aiki na kayan aiki, ceton farashin gini mai yawa kamar igiyoyi na gani, don haka ya zama sabuwar fasaha mai zafi na FTTH. FTTH a halin yanzu yana da mafita guda uku: mafita-to-point FTTH mafita, EPON FTTH bayani da GPON FTTH bayani.
Maganin FTTH na tushen P2P
P2P fasaha ce ta watsa fiber na gani-zuwa-aya. Hakanan yana amfani da fasahar WDM don cimma hanyar sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu. Idan aka kwatanta da EPON, yana da halaye na aiwatar da fasaha mai sauƙi, ƙananan farashi da sauƙi mai sauƙi ga ƙananan masu amfani.
Cibiyar sadarwa ta P2P FTTH tana watsa raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na sama da ƙasa akan fiber na gani guda ɗaya tsakanin ofishin tsakiyacanzada kayan aikin mai amfani ta hanyar WDM, kuma kowane mai amfani yana buƙatar fiber na gani ɗaya kawai. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa shine 1310nm, kuma madaidaicin raƙuman ruwa shine 1550nm. Ta hanyar yin amfani da watsa fiber na gani, ana ƙaddamar da Ethernet kai tsaye daga ofishin tsakiya zuwa tebur mai amfani. Yayin samar da babban bandwidth da hanyar samun damar tattalin arziki, yana kawar da wahalar samar da wutar lantarki da kula da hanyar.canzaa cikin hanyar hanyar sadarwar Ethernet ta al'ada, kuma tana guje wa Wahala a cikin dawo da hannun jari wanda ya haifar da ƙarancin buɗewa, buɗewa mai sauƙi da babban tsaro. A cikin bayani na P2P, masu amfani za su iya jin daɗin bandwidth na 100M na musamman, kuma cikin sauƙin tallafawa sabis na bandwidth mai girma kamar wayar bidiyo, bidiyo akan buƙata, telemedicine, da ilimin nesa. Yayin da yake goyan bayan aikace-aikacen bayanai masu sauri, yana iya samar da E1 interface da POTS dubawa, ta yadda za a iya warware nau'o'in ayyuka da dama waɗanda ke buƙatar wayoyi masu zaman kansu ta hanyar fiber guda ɗaya.
Magani na tushen EPON FTTH
EPON yana ɗaukar tsarin batu-zuwa-multipoint da hanyar watsa fiber na gani mara kyau. Ƙididdigar ƙasa a halin yanzu na iya kaiwa 10Gb/s, kuma na sama yana aika rafukan bayanai a cikin fakitin Ethernet. Bugu da ƙari, EPON yana ba da wasu ayyuka, kulawa da gudanarwa (OAM).EPONfasaha yana da dacewa mai kyau tare da kayan aiki na yanzu. Sabuwar fasahar Ingantacciyar Sabis (QoS) tana ba da damar Ethernet don tallafawa sabis na murya, bayanai da hoto. Waɗannan fasahohin sun haɗa da cikakken goyon baya na duplex, fifiko da cibiyar sadarwar yanki mai kama-da-wane (VLAN).
EPON yana amfani da fiber na gani don haɗawa tsakanin kayan aikin ofis na tsakiya da ODN Optical coupler. Bayan rabuwa ta hanyar mahaɗar gani, ana iya haɗa masu amfani har zuwa 32. Tsawon raƙuman ruwa na sama shine 1310nm, kuma tsayin raƙuman ruwa shine 1490nm. Fiber na gani daga tashar PON naOLTYana haɗa siginar gani na 1550nm analog ko dijital CATV zuwa fiber na gani ta hanyar multixer, sannan ya haɗa zuwaONUbayan an raba shi ta hanyar mahaɗar gani. TheONUyana raba siginar CATV na 1550nm kuma ya canza shi zuwa siginar mitar rediyo wanda Talabijan na yau da kullun zai iya karba. TheONUHakanan yana aiwatar da siginar bayanan da aka aikoOLTkuma aika shi zuwa ga mahaɗin mai amfani.Maɗaukakin mai amfani zai iya samar da musaya na FE da TDM don saduwa da buƙatun sabis na mai amfani don samun damar watsa labarai, kuma ya dace da bukatun sabis na TDM na masu aiki. EPON yana amfani da fasahar WDM don gane hanyar sadarwa ta hanya-zuwa-multipoint akan fiber na gani guda ɗaya. Yana da halaye na tsari na gaskiya da ƙananan farashi, kuma ya dace da yanayin ci gaba na cibiyoyin sadarwa na gaba na IP na gaba. Idan akai la'akari da cewa nan gaba "cibiyoyin sadarwa guda uku a daya" za su yi amfani da IP a matsayin ainihin yarjejeniya, yawancin masana sunyi imanin cewa EPON shine mafi kyawun bayani don gane FTTH a nan gaba.
Maganin FTTH na tushen GPON
GPONita ce sabuwar fasahar samun dama ta gani da ITU-T ta kaddamar bayan A/BPON. A cikin 2001, FSAN ta fara wani madaidaicin aiki da nufin daidaita hanyoyin sadarwar PON (GPON) tare da saurin aiki sama da 1Gb/s. Baya ga goyan bayan mafi girma gudu, GPON kuma yana goyan bayan ayyuka da yawa tare da babban inganci, yana samar da ayyuka masu yawa na OAM & P da kuma haɓaka mai kyau. Babban fasali na GPON sune:
1) Goyi bayan duk ayyuka.
2) Nisan ɗaukar hoto ya zama akalla 20km.
3) Tallafi mahara rates a karkashin wannan yarjejeniya.
4) Samar da aikin OAM&P.
5) Dangane da halayen watsa shirye-shirye na PON zirga-zirga na ƙasa, an samar da hanyar kariya ta tsaro a layin yarjejeniya.
Ma'auni na GPON yana ba da mafi kyawun ƙimar watsawa don ayyuka daban-daban, yayin la'akari da ayyukan OAM&P da haɓaka damar haɓakawa. GPON ba wai kawai yana samar da babban bandwidth ba, har ma yana tallafawa ayyuka daban-daban na samun dama, musamman ma a cikin bayanai da watsawa na TDM, yana tallafawa tsarin asali ba tare da canzawa ba. rafukan sabis; a halin yanzu, yana kula da ayyuka da yawa a cikin G.983 waɗanda ba su da alaƙa kai tsaye da ka'idar PON, kamar OAM da DBA.