A cikin masana'antar sadarwa ta gani, na'urorin gani sun fi fallasa. Suna da girman jiki daban-daban, kuma adadin tashoshi da adadin watsawa sun bambanta sosai. Yadda ake samar da waɗannan kayayyaki, menene halayen su, da duk abubuwan sirrin suna cikin ma'auni.
Za a yi watsi da ƙa'idodin marufi na tsofaffi kamar GBIC, XPAK, X2, da Xenpak, kuma babban makamashi za a mai da hankali kan mafi ƙarfi ko sabbin ƙa'idodi, waɗanda za a tantance ɗaya bayan ɗaya a ƙasa.
SFF Standardization Organisation: An kafa ƙungiyar daidaitawa ta SFF (ƙananan nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i) a cikin watan Agusta 1990. Da farko ta ƙirƙira faifan diski mai inci 2.5 kuma ta faɗaɗa zuwa wasu filayen a cikin Nuwamba 1992. Ya zuwa yanzu, SFF ya zama mafi na kowa kuma mai nasara. mizanin module a fagen marufi na gani na gani. Ma'auni na gani na gani wanda SFF ya tsara sun haɗa da SFP/QSFP/XFP.
Babban darajar SFP
SFP (ƙananan nau'i-factor Pluggable), dangi na ƙananan nau'i-factor pluggable transceivers, galibi ana amfani da su don Ethernet, tashar fiber, Wireless CPRI, SONET: yana bayyana fakitin SFP guda ɗaya tashoshi daga 1Gb / s zuwa 28Gb / s wanda ya kamata ya kasance. wanda ya bi Standard, ana nuna tsarin sa a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Da farko akwai takaddun shaida, kamar SFF-8402 da aka ba da shawarar SFP28, SFF-8083 ya ba da shawarar SFP10 (lambar a ƙarshen tana wakiltar matakin ƙimar watsawa, ana rubuta SFP10 sau da yawa azaman SFP + yanzu), wannan takaddar sanarwar da aka ambata wacce buƙatun fasaha ta An kawo waɗannan buƙatun fasaha gaba ɗaya sun zama ƙaƙƙarfan ma'auni na wannan tsarin.
Siffofin fasaha na SFP sun haɗa da:
SFF-8432, yana bayyana girman ma'auni (yafi girman girman shigarwa), ƙarfin toshewa, da ƙayyadaddun kejin module.
SFF-8071 yana bayyana mai haɗa ramin katin akan HOST motherboard da jerin damar shiga yatsan zinare na motherboard module.
SFF-8433, yana bayyana cages na gefe-da-gefe da yawa da ƙayyadaddun fasaha na EMI shrapnel.
SFF-8472, ma'anar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ƙayyadaddun gudanarwa na bincike.
SFF-8431 yana bayyana ma'anar wutar lantarki, ƙananan siginar lantarki (layin sadarwa), sigina masu sauri, lokaci, da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya karanta da rubuta ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Saboda ƙimar tallafin SFP yana ƙaruwa da girma, ƙayyadaddun sigina mai sauri a cikin SFF8431 baya shafi SFP16/28, don haka SFF-8431 an raba shi zuwa SFF-8418 da SFF-8419. SFF-8418 musamman yana bayyana buƙatun siginar siginar lantarki mai sauri 10Gb/s. Don buƙatun mu'amala ta zahiri sama da 10Gb/s, koma zuwa tashar Fiber. SFF-8419 musamman yana bayyana abun ciki ban da sigina masu sauri a cikin SFF-8431, wanda ya dace da duk jerin kayayyaki na SFP.
Don haka, injiniyoyin ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar SFP dole ne su saba da SFP-8431. Idan kai mutum ne wanda ya keɓance PCB, rubuta software, ko gudanar da gwaji, SFF-8472, SFF-8418, da SFF-8419 dole ne su saba da shi.
QSFP misali
QSFP (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable), tashar tashoshi huɗu da aka ƙarasa pluggable transceiver, galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin Infiniband, Ethernet, Fiber Channel, OTN, dangin yarjejeniya na SONET: QSFP yana haɓaka SFP mai tashar tashoshi ɗaya zuwa tashoshi huɗu tare da ƙarar shi kaɗai. ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu. Don girman iri ɗayacanza, Ƙarfin sauyawa na QSFP shine sau 2.67 na SFP. INF-8438i ce ta bayyana ƙa'idar QSFP ta asali, sannan ta haɓaka zuwa SFF-8436,
sa'an nan kuma SFF-8436 ya rabu zuwa sassa da yawa don ma'ana da tunani. Gine-ginen yanzu yayi kama da SFP:
Bayanan fasaha na QSFP sun haɗa da:
SFF-8679, yana bayyana siginar sauri mai sauri, siginar ƙarancin sauri, samar da wutar lantarki, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lokaci na module, kuma yana bayyana ƙirar gani da ja da ƙayyadaddun launi na zobe.
SFF-8636, yana bayyana bayanin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, karantawa da rubuta ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwa.
SFF-8661, yana bayyana girman tsarin, girman yatsan zinare da ƙayyadaddun shigar da ƙarfin cirewa na module.
SFF-8662 da SFF-8663 sun ayyana keji da mai haɗin (nau'in A) na tsarin QSFP28.
SFF-8672 da SFF-8683 sun ayyana cages da masu haɗin (nau'in B) na tsarin QSFP28.
SFF-8682 da SFF-8683 sun ayyana cages da masu haɗin QSFP14 da ƙananan kayayyaki masu ƙima.
Za a iya duba wasu ƙarin bayani na QSFP a cikin ƙa'idar Infiniband. (InfiniBand TM ArchitectureSpecification Volume)
Matsayin XFP
XFP (10 Gb / s Small Form Factor Pluggable module, inda X ya tsaya ga 10 a cikin lambobi na Roman kuma galibi ana amfani dashi don SONET OC-192, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, da tashar fiber) dangin yarjejeniya: XFP Yana da ƙirar ƙirar tsayin tsayi, wanda XFP MSA ne ya bayyana asali kuma daga baya aka mika shi ga kungiyar SFF don bugawa. Ka'idar XFP ta ƙunshi SFF-8477 da INF-8077.
Yarjejeniyar INF8077 ta bayyana girman, ƙirar lantarki, bayanin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, sarrafa sadarwa da bincike na tsarin XFP (ka'idar ta haɗa da duk abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin). SFF-8477 an inganta shi musamman don sarrafa daidaita tsawon zango.
Babban darajar CXP
CXP (12x Small Form-factor Pluggable, 12-tashar ƙaramin fakitin pluggable, inda C ke tsaye ga 100G, galibi ana amfani da shi don Infiniband, tashar fiber, Ethernet) ƙa'idodin ƙungiyar Infiniband ce ke tsara ta.
Annex A6 120 Gb / s 12x Small Form-factor pluggable (CXP) Ƙayyadaddun Ƙirar Maɓalli don igiyoyi, igiyoyi masu aiki & masu juyawa suna ba da duk abubuwan dalla-dalla na CXP (ana iya saukewa kyauta a www.infinibandta.org). Bugu da kari, kungiyar SFF tana tsara kejin garkuwa da ramukan kati don CXPs na maki daban-daban na sauri.
SFF-8617 Mini Multilane 12X Garkuwar Cage / Mai Haɗi 12 tashar CXP keji da ƙayyadaddun ramin allon allo.
SFF-8642 EIA-965 Mini Multilane 10 Gb / s 12X Garkuwar Cage / Mai Haɗi (CXP10) 12x10Gb / s CXP module keji da ƙayyadaddun ramin allo na module.
SFF-8647 Mini Multilane 14 Gb / s 12X Garkuwa Cage / Mai Haɗi (CXP14) 12x14Gb / s CXP module keji da ƙayyadaddun hurumin allo.
SFF-8648 Mini Multilane 28 Gb / s 12X Garkuwar Cage / Mai Haɗi (CXP28) 12x28Gb / s CXP module keji da ƙayyadaddun hurumin allo.
microQSFP (QSFP miniaturized), yarjejeniya mai girma da yawa da aka kafa a cikin 2015, tashoshi 4 ne kamar QSFP, amma girman girman shine kawai girman tsarin SFP, kuma yana goyan bayan ƙimar tashar 25G da 50G (PAM4 modulation). Ta hanyar ƙirar ƙuƙuka masu zafi a kan ɗakunan gidaje, yana da mafi kyawun aikin thermal. "Micro QuAD SMALL FORM FACTOR PUGGABLE CHANNEL PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER HUDU, HOST CONNECTOR, & CAGE ASSEMBLY FORM FACTOR" yayi cikakken bayanin ƙayyadaddun micro-QSFP.
Kunshin CFP
Ban da fakitin SFP da QSFP, CFP yakamata ya zama mafi yawan nau'in marufi a cikin na'urorin gani. C a cikin CFP yana wakiltar 100 a agogon lambobi na Roman, don haka CFP yana nufin aikace-aikace da ƙimar 100G (ciki har da 40G) da sama.
Iyalin CFP galibi sun haɗa da CFP / CFP2 / CFP4 / CFP8, wanda CFP8 har yanzu yana cikin matakin samarwa.
Ba kamar ƙarin lambobi 10 da 28 a bayan QSFP, waɗanda ke wakiltar ƙimar saurin gudu ba, lambobin da ke bayan CFP suna wakiltar sabon ƙarni, tare da ƙaramin ƙarami (sai dai CFP8) da ƙari mafi girma.
Lokacin da aka fara gabatar da kunshin CFP, yana da wahala a fasaha don cimma ƙimar 25Gb / s guda ɗaya, don haka ƙimar mu'amalar wutar lantarki na kowane CFP an bayyana shi azaman matakin 10Gb / s, kuma 40G da 40G an samu ta hanyar 4x10Gb / s da 10x10Gb / s hanyoyin sadarwa na lantarki. 100G module gudun. Girman tsarin CFP yana da girma wanda zai iya sanya ayyuka da yawa akan motherboard a cikin tsarin don kammala [ASIC (SerDes)]. Lokacin da gudun kowane hanya na gani bai dace da saurin kewayawa ba, zaku iya kammala jujjuya ƙimar ta waɗannan da'irori (akwatin Gear) Misali, tashar tashar gani ta 4X25Gb / s tana canzawa zuwa tashar lantarki 10x10Gb / s.
Girman CFP2 rabin na CFP ne kawai. Tsarin wutar lantarki na iya tallafawa guda 10Gb/s, ko guda 25Gb/s ko ma 50Gb/s. Ta hanyar 10x10G, 4x25G, 8x25G, da 8x50G lantarki musaya, 100G / 200G / 400G module rates za a iya samu.
An rage girman CFP4 zuwa rabin na CFP2. Ƙwararren wutar lantarki yana goyan bayan 10Gb / s da 25Gb / s, kuma ana samun saurin 40G / 100G ta hanyar 4x10Gb / s da 4x25Gb / s. CFP4 da QSFP kayayyaki suna kama da juna, duka biyu suna da hanyoyi hudu, kuma duka suna goyon bayan 40G da 100G; Bambanci shine cewa nau'ikan CFP4 suna da ayyukan gudanarwa masu ƙarfi da girma (wannan rashin lahani ne ga manyan hanyoyin sadarwar bayanai), kuma yana iya tallafawa manyan ayyuka. Amfanin wutar lantarki, don maki saurin sama da 25Gb / s da yanayin watsawa mai nisa (yana buƙatar sarrafa zafin jiki na TEC, babban amfani da wutar lantarki), ana iya nuna fa'idodin CFP4 a cikin amfani da wutar lantarki da watsar da zafi.
Saboda haka, sadarwar bayanai na gajeren lokaci shine ainihin duniyar QSFP; don aikace-aikacen 100G-LR4 10km, CFP4 da QSFP28 an raba daidai.
Ana nuna ma'auni na iyali na CFP a cikin adadi mai zuwa: kowane ma'auni yana da fayiloli 3, wanda "CFPx MSA Specific Specification Revision" fayil ne na shirye-shirye, wanda ya bayyana a taƙaice ra'ayi na module, sarrafa tsarin, ƙirar lantarki, girman injin, ƙirar gani, yaudara Ramummuka da sauran ƙayyadaddun bayanai, sauran takaddun guda biyu sun bayyana cikakkun ma'aunin injina.
CFP MSA kuma yana da ƙayyadaddun fasaha na jama'a guda biyu, PIN Allocation REV.25 yana ƙayyadaddun ma'anar fil ɗin module, da kuma "CFP MSA Gudanarwar Interface Specification" yana bayyana ikon sarrafa module da bayanan rajista daki-daki.
Babban saurin wutar lantarki na tsarin CFP ya dogara da aikace-aikacen, kuma yana nuni ga CAUI, XLAUI, da CEI-28G / 56G ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin lantarki a cikin IEEE802.3.
CFP8 fakiti ne na musamman da aka tsara don 400G, kuma girmansa yayi daidai da CFP2. Tsarin wutar lantarki yana goyan bayan saurin tashoshi na 25Gb/s da 50Gb/s, kuma yana samun saurin module 400G ta hanyar mu'amalar lantarki ta 16x25G ko 8×50. CFP8 Shawara ce kawai, babu ma'auni na hukuma don saukar da jama'a.
An kafa CDFP MSA a cikin 2013, kuma daidaitaccen marufi na CDFP da suka saki shine madaidaicin marufi na gani na 400G na farko. A wancan lokacin, ma'auni na haɗin wutar lantarki ya kasance 25Gb / s kawai (OIF-CEI-28G-VSR), don haka CDFP kawai ya yi tashoshi 16, kuma ya kammala ƙimar 400G module ta hanyar 16x25G, kuma an yi niyya ta musamman don gajere. aikace-aikacen kewayon ƙasa da 2km.
Idan an tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki mai hanyoyi 16 a jere, ƙarar za ta yi girma sosai, don haka tsarin CDFP ɗin ya sami allunan PCB guda biyu tare kuma ya yi amfani da na'urar MPO16 akan tashar gani. Gaba dayan tsarin ya yi kama da kiba! Dangane da tsari na tashoshin gani da lantarki, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan guda uku.
Sabon ma'aunin CDFP shine: “400 Gb / s (16 X 25 GB / s) PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER Rev 3.0″ wanda ke ƙayyadad da keɓancewar wutar lantarki, ƙirar gudanarwa, ƙirar gani, module / Ramin / girman keji na module CDFP, EMI / ESD abun ciki masu alaƙa. A yau, PAM4 yana da zafi sosai, an kiyasta cewa an gwada wannan kunshin sosai.
Sabon madaidaicin marufi wanda ke goyan bayan 400G yakamata ya zama QSFP-DD. An kafa wannan ƙungiyar a cikin Fabrairu 2016 kuma ta fito da sabon ƙa'idar "QSFP DOUBLE DENSITY 8X PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER Rev 1.0" a cikin Satumba 2016. QSFP-DD yana da girman girman QSFP (kawai saboda akwai ƙarin jere na da'irori, kaɗan kaɗan. tsawo). Babban canjin shine ninka mu'amalar wutar lantarki ta QSFP daga hudu zuwa takwas da goyan bayan ƙimar tashar 50Gb/s 8X50 shine 400G). Ƙwararren wutar lantarki na QSFP-DD ya dace da QSFP, amma ba akasin haka ba.
Tattaunawar da ke sama duka 100G da 400G na gani ne. Bari mu kalli CSFP mai kusanci. Kodayake sabon ma'auni na CSFP shine " ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun SFP "wanda aka fitar a cikin 2009, ba a tsufa ba kwata-kwata. Yaƙin neman zaɓe yana nufin ƙarami fiye da na'urorin gani na SFP, kuma adadin tashoshi kuma ana iya daidaita su cikin sassauƙa. CSFP yana bayyana nau'ikan 3: 1CH campact SFP, 2CH campact SFP option1, da 2CH campact SFP option2.
Marubucin fasahar baƙar fata CFP2-ACO
A ƙarshe, bari mu kalli fasahar baƙar fata mafi ci gaba a cikin ƙa'idodin marufi na gani: CFP2-ACO. An fi bayyana shi ta OIF kuma yana nuni da girman injin CFP2. ACO na baya yana nufin madaidaicin tsarin gani na analog. Ya ƙunshi ƙunƙuntaccen layi mai faɗin layi mai iya jujjuyawa, na'ura mai daidaitawa, da mai karɓa mai daidaituwa. Ana sanya DSP ( sarrafa siginar dijital) a waje da tsarin. Wannan tsarin yana da ban mamaki. Tare da fasahar DP-QPSK da DP-xQAM mai daidaitawa, ƙimar tsawon tsayi ɗaya na iya sauƙi wuce 100Gb/s, kuma nisan watsawa na iya wuce 2000km.