A zamanin yau, a cikin ayyukan sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa na yanzu, transceivers na gani,na gani fiber transceivers, kuma ana iya cewa modem na gani ana amfani da su sosai kuma jami'an tsaro suna mutunta su sosai. Don haka, shin, kuna sane da bambancin da ke tsakanin waɗannan abubuwa guda uku bayyananne?
Modem na gani wani nau'in kayan aiki ne mai kama da modem na baseband (modem na dijital). Bambanci daga MODEM na baseband shine cewa an haɗa shi zuwa layin fiber na gani da aka keɓe, wanda shine siginar gani.
Ana amfani da shi don jujjuya siginar hoto da ƙa'idodin ƙa'ida a cikin cibiyar sadarwar yanki mai faɗi, da samun damana'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwashine faffadan hanyar sadarwa ta yanki. Mai ɗaukar hoto mai ɗaukar hoto yana amfani da jujjuya siginar hoto a cikin hanyar sadarwa na yanki, amma jujjuya siginar kawai, ba tare da jujjuya ƙa'idar ƙa'idar ba. Ana amfani da ita gabaɗaya don nisa mai nisa a cikin cibiyar sadarwar harabar kuma bai dace da yanayin da ake ciki ba. An tura igiyoyi masu murdawa. Domin bayyana modem na gani, mai ɗaukar hoto na hoto. Muna buƙatar gabatar da yanayin da ake amfani da su.
Modem na gani, wanda kuma aka sani da transceiver na gani mai tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya, samfuri ne da aka tsara don mahallin masu amfani na musamman. Yana amfani da nau'i-nau'i na filaye na gani don E1 guda ɗaya ko V. 35 ko guda 10BaseT aya-zuwa-aya na kayan aikin watsawa na gani. A matsayin kayan aikin watsawa na cibiyar sadarwa na gida, wannan kayan aiki ya dace da kayan aikin watsa tashar fiber na gani na tashar tushe da kayan aikin layi na haya. Ga masu sarrafa na'urorin gani na tashar tashar jiragen ruwa da yawa, galibi ana kiran su "Tsarin gani". Don masu ɗaukar gani na gani mai tashar tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya, ana amfani da su gabaɗaya a gefen mai amfani. Suna aiki kama da na modem na baseband da aka saba amfani da su don sadarwar sadaukarwar layin WAN (circuit). "Optical modem" da "Optical Network Unit".
Na'urar gani da gani samfurori ne kawai don sadarwar bayanai. Haƙiƙanin samfuran transceiver na gani sun bambanta, masu amfani don watsa talabijin na USB, wasu don watsa tarho, masu amfani don sarrafa masana'antu, wasu ma suna haɗa "murya, bayanai, hoto" da sauran ayyuka don samun damar Ɗaya.
Mai ɗaukar fiber na gani yana gane jujjuya siginar tsakanin yanayin guda ɗaya da fiber na yanayi da yawa da murɗaɗɗen biyu a cikin Ethernet. Fiber transceiver na gani shine naúrar musayar kafofin watsa labarai ta Ethernet wanda ke musayar gajeriyar siginar lantarki guda biyu masu murɗaɗi da sigina na gani mai nisa. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da transceivers na gani a cikin ainihin mahallin cibiyar sadarwa inda ba za a iya rufe igiyoyin Ethernet ba kuma dole ne a yi amfani da filaye na gani don tsawaita nisan watsawa; a lokaci guda, suna taimakawa wajen haɗa mil na ƙarshe na layin fiber na gani zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa na yankin birni (na fasahar Ethernet) da ƙarin yadudduka na waje. Intanet kuma ta taka rawar gani sosai.
Dangane da saurin, za a iya raba transceiver fiber na gani zuwa guda 10M, 100M fiber transceiver na gani,10/100M adaftar na gani fiber transceiverda 1000M na gani fiber transceiver. 10M da 100M transceivers aiki a jiki Layer, da transceiver kayayyakin aiki a wannan Layer na gaba data bit by bit. Wannan hanyar turawa tana da fa'idodi na saurin isarwa da sauri, ƙimar nuna gaskiya, ƙarancin jinkiri, da dai sauransu, ya fi dacewa da daidaituwa da kwanciyar hankali, kuma ya dace da amfani akan hanyoyin haɗin kai tsaye.
Mai ɗaukar fiber na gani na 10/100M yana aiki a layin haɗin bayanai. A wannan Layer, mai ɗaukar fiber na gani yana amfani da tsarin ajiya-da-gaba don karanta adireshin MAC na tushensa, adireshin MAC na gaba, da adireshin MAC na makoma ga kowane fakiti da aka karɓa. Bayanai, ana tura fakitin bayanan bayan an kammala rajistan sake sake zagayowar CRC. Na farko, zai iya hana wasu firam ɗin kuskure yadawa a cikin hanyar sadarwar kuma su mamaye albarkatun cibiyar sadarwa masu mahimmanci. A lokaci guda kuma, yana iya hana asarar fakitin bayanai saboda cunkoson hanyar sadarwa.
Dangane da tsarin, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in tebur mai ɗaukar fiber mai ɗaukar hoto da nau'in rak ɗin transceiver na fiber na gani. Mai ɗaukar fiber na gani na tebur ya dace da mai amfani guda ɗaya, kamar haɗuwa da haɗin kai ɗayacanzaa cikin corridor. Rack-mounted fiber optic transceivers sun dace da tara masu amfani da yawa.
Bisa ga fiber, ana iya raba shi zuwa multi-mode fiber transceiver da guda-yanayin fiber transceiver. Saboda nau'ikan filaye na gani daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su, nisan watsawa na transceiver ya bambanta. Gabaɗaya tazarar isar da saƙon na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto yana tsakanin kilomita 2 zuwa 5 kilomita, yayin da mai ɗaukar hoto guda ɗaya zai iya ɗaukar kewayo daga kilomita 20 zuwa 120. Ya kamata a nuna cewa saboda bambancin nisa na watsawa, ikon watsawa, karɓar hankali da tsayin daka na fiber optic transceiver kanta shima zai bambanta. Ƙarfin watsawa na 5km fiber transceiver na gani gabaɗaya yana tsakanin -20 zuwa -14db, kuma ƙarfin karɓar shine -30db, ta amfani da tsayin daka na 1310nm; yayin da ikon watsawa na mai ɗaukar fiber na gani mai nisan kilomita 120 galibi shine tsakanin -5 zuwa 0dB, kuma ƙarfin karɓar shine -38dB, ta amfani da tsawon zangon 1550nm.
Dangane da adadin fiber na gani, ana iya raba shi zuwa transceiver na gani guda-fiber daDual-fiber Optical transceiver. Fiber guda ɗaya shine fahimtar karɓar bayanai da aikawa akan fiber na gani. Wannan nau'in samfurin yana ɗaukar fasaha na rarraba raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa, kuma tsayin igiyoyin da aka yi amfani da su sun fi 1310nm da 1550nm. Saboda yin amfani da multixing rabo tsawo, guda fiber transceiver kayayyakin gaba daya suna da halayyar babban sigina attenuation. A halin yanzu, yawancin masu sarrafa fiber optic a kasuwa samfuran fiber ne mai dual-fiber, waɗanda ba su da girma kuma ba su da ƙarfi.
To, abin da ke sama shi ne gabatarwar game da bambancin da ke tsakanin na'ura mai kwakwalwa na gani, da fiber transceiver da modem na gani. Ina fatan zai iya taimaka muku!