Saboda ci gaba da yawa da ci gaban fasaha a cikin kayan aiki masu dacewa, software, ladabi da ka'idoji, amfani da VoIP da yawa zai zama gaskiya. Ci gaban fasaha da ci gaba a waɗannan yankuna sun ba da gudummawa wajen ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa ta VoIP mafi inganci, aiki, da haɗin kai. Abubuwan fasaha waɗanda ke haɓaka saurin haɓakawa har ma da fa'idar aikace-aikacen VoIP ana iya taƙaita su cikin waɗannan abubuwan.
1. Digital Signal Processor
Advanced Digital Signal Processor (DSPS) suna yin ayyuka masu ƙarfi da ake buƙata don haɗa murya da haɗa bayanai.DSP sarrafa siginar dijital ana amfani da shi ne don aiwatar da ƙididdige ƙididdiga waɗanda ƙila in ba haka ba dole ne a yi ta hanyar babban manufar CPU. Ƙarfin sarrafa su na musamman da aka haɗa tare da ƙananan farashi yana sa DSPS ya dace sosai don yin ayyukan sarrafa sigina a cikin tsarin VoIP
Ƙididdigar sama da G.729 matsawar magana akan rafin murya ɗaya yawanci babba ne, wanda ke buƙatar 20MIPS. Idan ana buƙatar CPU ta tsakiya don aiwatar da rafukan murya da yawa, yin tafiyar da ayyuka da ayyukan sarrafa tsarin lokaci guda, ba gaskiya ba ne. Don haka, yin amfani da ɗaya ko fiye da DSPS na iya sauke ayyukan lissafi na hadaddun matsi na magana algorithm a cikinsa daga tsakiyar CPU. Bugu da ƙari, DSPS kuma sun dace da gano ayyukan murya da ayyukan sokewa, don haka za su iya sarrafa bayanan muryar. streaming in real time and have fast access to the on-board memory .Don haka, A cikin wannan babi, yadda ake aiwatar da coding na magana da sokewar amsawa akan dandalin TMS320C6201DSP an gabatar da dalla-dalla.
Ka'idoji da daidaitattun software da hardware H.323 Hanyar layi mai auna gaskiya DSP MPLS lakabin sauyawa mai nauyi bazuwar ganowa da wuri Advanced ASIC RTP, RTCP Double Funnel Universal Cell rate algorithm DWDM RSVP rated access Rate SONET Diffserv, CAR Cisco Fast Forwarding CPU Processing Power G.729 , G.729a: CS-ACELP Fakitin Ƙarfafa Samun damar ADSL, RADSL, SDSL FRF.11/FRF.12 token guga algorithm Multilink PPP Frame Relay data gyara SIP Haɗewar fakitin CoS mai fifiko akan SONET IP da ATM QoS/CoS
2. Advanced sadaukar hadedde da'irori
Ci gaban Aikace-aikacen-Specific Integrated Circait (ASIC) ya samar da ASIC mai sauri, mai rikitarwa da aiki. Asics kwakwalwan kwamfuta ne na musamman na aikace-aikacen da ke aiwatar da aikace-aikacen guda ɗaya ko ƙaramin saitin ayyuka. Ta hanyar mai da hankali kan maƙasudin aikace-aikacen kunkuntar, ana iya inganta su sosai don takamaiman aiki kuma yawanci umarni ɗaya ne ko da yawa na girma cikin sauri Kamar yadda raguwar umarni Set computer (RSIC) kwakwalwan kwamfuta ke mayar da hankali kan aiwatar da iyakataccen adadin ayyuka da sauri, ASICS an riga an tsara su. don yin iyakacin adadin ayyuka da sauri. Da zarar an haɓaka, samar da taro na ASIC ba shi da tsada kuma ana amfani dashi don na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa ciki har dahanyoyin sadarwada maɓalli, gudanar da aikin duba teburi, haɗawa da turawa, haɗa ƙungiyoyi da dubawa, da jerin gwano. Amfani da ASIC yana ba na'urar aiki mafi girma da ƙananan farashi. Suna samar da ƙarin hanyoyin watsa labarai da mafi kyawun tallafin QoS don hanyar sadarwar, don haka suna taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka haɓakar VoIP.
3. IP watsa fasahar
Yawancin cibiyoyin sadarwar sadarwar watsawa suna amfani da yanayin rarraba lokaci, yayin da Intanet dole ne ta ɗauki tsarin sake amfani da ƙididdiga da yanayin musayar fakiti mai tsayi. Idan aka kwatanta da biyun, na biyu yana da yawan amfani da albarkatun cibiyar sadarwa, haɗin kai da sadarwa mai sauƙi kuma mai inganci, kuma ya dace da sabis na bayanai, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman dalilai na haɓaka Intanet cikin sauri. Koyaya, sadarwar hanyar sadarwar IP na broadband yana gabatar da buƙatu masu tsauri akan QoS da halayen jinkiri, don haka haɓaka fasahar canza fakiti mai tsayi mai tsayi ya ja hankalin mutane. A halin yanzu, ban da sabon tsararraki na yarjejeniya da IP IP6, World Intanet Injin Injin Intanet (IEEF) ya gabatar da wani nau'in fasahar da aka gabatar da ita ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa routing, wanda zai iya inganta sassaucin ra'ayi, tsawaita ikon sarrafa layin hanyar sadarwa, sauƙaƙe haɗakarwahanyoyin sadarwada kuma canza tantanin halitta. Inganta Ayyukan hanyar sadarwa. MPLS ba zai iya aiki kawai azaman ka'idar tuƙi mai zaman kanta ba, har ma ya dace da ƙa'idar hanyar sadarwar da ke akwai. Yana goyan bayan ayyuka daban-daban, gudanarwa da ayyukan kulawa na hanyar sadarwa ta IP, kuma yana haɓaka QoS sosai, kewayawa da siginar aikin sadarwar hanyar sadarwar IP, isa ko gabatowa matakin ƙididdigar fakitin Fixed Length Canjin (ATM). Ya fi sauƙi, mafi inganci, mai rahusa kuma mafi dacewa fiye da ATM.
Hakanan IETF tana aiki akan sabbin dabarun sarrafa fakiti a wurin don ba da damar hanyar QoS. Ana nazarin fasahar tunnelling don cimma nasarar watsa hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar mahaɗar hanya. Bugu da kari, yadda za a zabi dandalin watsa hanyar sadarwa na IP shima muhimmin fanni ne na bincike a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma IP akan ATM, IP akan SDH, IP akan DWDM da sauran fasahohin sun bayyana a jere.
Layer IP yana ba da sabis na isa ga IP mai inganci tare da wasu garantin sabis ga masu amfani da IP. Layer na mai amfani yana ba da hanyar shiga (IP access da broadband access) da kuma nau'in abun ciki na sabis.A cikin tushe mai tushe, Ethernet shine yanayin jiki na cibiyar sadarwar IP, al'amari ne mai mahimmanci, amma IP overDWDM shine sabuwar fasaha, kuma yana da girma. yiwuwar ci gaba.
Dense Wave Division MultipLexing (DWDM) ya hura sabuwar rayuwa a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar fiber kuma ya samar da bandwidth mai ban mamaki a cikin sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber bayan kamfanonin sadarwa. Fasahar DWDM tana amfani da ƙarfin filayen gani da kayan aikin watsawa na gani na gaba. Sunan rabon raƙuman ruwa ya samo asali ne daga watsa madaidaicin raƙuman haske na haske (LASER) daga madauri ɗaya na fiber na gani. Tsarin na yanzu yana iya aikawa da gano tsawon zangon raƙuman ruwa na 16, yayin da tsarin gaba zai iya tallafawa 40 zuwa 96 cikakken tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda kowane ƙarin tsawon zango yana ƙara ƙarin kwararar bayanai. Don haka ana iya faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwar 2.6 Gbit/s (OC-48) sau 16 ba tare da sanya sabbin zaruruwa ba.
Yawancin sababbin hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber suna gudanar da OC-192 a (9.6 Gbit / s), suna samar da iya aiki a kan 150 Gbit / s akan nau'i na nau'i na fibers lokacin da aka haɗa su tare da DWDM. Bugu da ƙari, DWDM yana ba da ka'idar dubawa da kuma saurin halaye masu zaman kansu, a cikin fiber iya. goyan bayan ATM, SDH da Gigabit Ethernet watsa siginar a lokaci guda, don haka zai iya dacewa da cibiyoyin sadarwa daban-daban da aka gina a yanzu, don haka DWDM ba zai iya kare kayan aikin da ake ciki ba kawai, amma kuma yana iya samar da cibiyar sadarwa mai karfi don ISP. da kuma kamfanonin sadarwa tare da babban bandwidth. Kuma sanya broadband mai rahusa kuma mafi samun dama, wanda ke ba da goyon baya mai ƙarfi don buƙatun bandwidth na mafita na VoIP.
Ƙara yawan watsawa ba zai iya samar da bututu mai kauri ba tare da ƙananan damar toshewa ba, amma kuma ya sa jinkiri ya ragu sosai, sabili da haka zai iya rage bukatun QoS akan cibiyoyin sadarwar IP zuwa babban matsayi.
4. Fasahar hanyar sadarwa ta Broadband
Samun damar mai amfani na hanyar sadarwar IP ya zama ƙulli mai hana ci gaban cibiyar sadarwa gabaɗaya. A cikin dogon lokaci, babban burin samun damar mai amfani shine fiber-to-the-gida (FTTH). A faɗin magana, cibiyar sadarwar samun dama ta gani ta haɗa da tsarin jigilar madaidaicin dijital na gani da kuma hanyar sadarwa mara kyau. Tsohon yana cikin Amurka, haɗe tare da buɗaɗɗen baki V5.1/V5.2, yana watsa tsarin haɗin kai akan fiber na gani, yana nuna ƙarfin gaske. Na ƙarshe sun fi yawa a Japan da Jamus. Kasar Japan ta ci gaba da gudanar da bincike sama da shekaru goma, kuma ta dauki matakai daban-daban don rage farashin hanyoyin sadarwa na gani zuwa irin wannan matakin tare da igiyoyin jan karfe da karkatattun wayoyi guda biyu, da yawan amfani da su. Musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ITU ya ba da shawarar tushen ATM na hanyar sadarwa na gani na gani (APON), wanda ya haɗu da fa'idodin ATM da cibiyar sadarwar gani mara kyau. Adadin shiga zai iya kaiwa 622M bit/s, wanda ke da fa'ida sosai ga haɓaka sabis na multimedia na IP na broadband, kuma zai iya rage ƙarancin gazawar da adadin nodes, da faɗaɗa wurin ɗaukar hoto. A halin yanzu, ITU ya kammala aikin daidaitawa, kuma masana'antun daban-daban suna haɓaka shi sosai. Nan ba da dadewa ba za a sami kayayyaki a kasuwa, kuma zai zama babban alkiblar ci gaba na fasahar shiga yanar gizo da ke fuskantar karni na 21.
A halin yanzu, manyan fasahohin shiga su ne: PSTN, IADN, ADSL, CM, DDN, X.25, Ethernet da tsarin shiga mara waya ta broadband. Wadannan fasahohin samun damar suna da nasu halaye, daga cikinsu masu tasowa mafi sauri sune ADSL da CM; CM (Cable Modem) yana ɗaukar kebul na coaxial tare da ƙimar watsawa mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin hana tsangwama; amma ba watsa ta hanyoyi biyu ba, babu wani ma'auni ɗaya.
ADSL(Asymmetrical Digital Loop) yana ba da dama ta keɓantacciyar hanyar sadarwa, yana yin cikakken amfani da hanyar sadarwar tarho da ke akwai, kuma yana ba da ƙimar watsa asymmetric. Adadin zazzagewa a gefen mai amfani zai iya kaiwa 8 Mbit/s, kuma yawan lodawa a bangaren mai amfani zai iya kaiwa 1M bit/s. ADSL yana samar da buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen da ake buƙata don kasuwanci da masu amfani ɗaya, kuma yana rage farashi sosai. Yin amfani da da'iyoyin yanki na ADSL masu rahusa, kamfanoni yanzu za su iya samun damar Intanet da VPN na tushen mai ba da sabis na Intanet a cikin mafi girma da sauri, yana ba da damar haɓaka ƙarfin kiran VoIP.
5. Fasaha naúrar sarrafawa ta tsakiya
Rukunin sarrafawa na tsakiya (cpus) suna ci gaba da haɓakawa ta fuskar ayyuka, ƙarfi, da sauri. Wannan yana ba da damar PCS multimedia don amfani da su sosai kuma yana haɓaka aikin ayyukan tsarin waɗanda aka iyakance ta ikon CPU. An daɗe ana tsammanin ƙarfin PCS don ɗaukar bayanan sauti da bidiyo mai gudana daga masu amfani, don haka isar da kiran murya akan hanyoyin sadarwar bayanai mataki ne na gaba na ma'ana. Wannan ikon lissafin yana ba da damar duka manyan aikace-aikacen tebur na multimedia da ci-gaba a cikin abubuwan haɗin yanar gizo don tallafawa aikace-aikacen murya.
VOIP namu neONUjerin samfuran cibiyar sadarwa a cikin kasuwanci, da samfuran cibiyar sadarwar zafi masu dacewa na kamfaninmu sun rufe nau'ikan nau'ikanONUjerin, ciki har da ACONU/ sadarwaONU/ mai hankaliONU/ akwatinONU/ biyu PON tashar jiragen ruwaONU, da dai sauransu.
Na samaONUAna iya amfani da samfuran jerin samfuran don buƙatun hanyar sadarwa na yanayi daban-daban. Barka da zuwa samun ƙarin cikakken fahimtar fasaha na samfuran.
