Na farko, ainihin ilimin ƙirar ƙirar gani
1. Ma'anar:
Optical module: wato, na'urar transceiver na gani.
2.Tsarin:
Na'urar transceiver na gani yana kunshe da na'urar optoelectronic, da'ira mai aiki da kuma na'urar gani, kuma na'urar ta optoelectronic ta ƙunshi sassa biyu: watsawa da karɓa.
Bangaren watsawa shine: siginar lantarki da ke shigar da ƙimar ƙima ana sarrafa ta ta guntu na tuƙi na ciki don fitar da laser semiconductor (LD) ko diode mai haske (LED) don fitar da siginar haske mai daidaitacce na ƙimar daidai, da na'urar gani. ana samar da da'irar sarrafa wutar lantarki ta atomatik a ciki. Ƙarfin siginar gani mai fitarwa ya kasance barga.
Bangaren karɓa shine: tsarin shigar da siginar gani na takamaiman adadin lambar ana canza shi zuwa siginar lantarki ta diode mai gano hoto. Bayan preamplifier, siginar lantarki na ƙimar lambar daidai tana fitowa, kuma siginar fitarwa gabaɗaya matakin PECL ne. A lokaci guda, ana fitar da siginar ƙararrawa bayan shigar da ƙarfin gani bai kai ƙima ba.
3.da sigogi da mahimmancin na'urar gani
Modulolin gani suna da mahimman sigogin fasaha na optoelectronic da yawa. Koyaya, don samfuran gani guda biyu masu zafi-swappable, GBIC da SFP, sigogi uku masu zuwa sun fi damuwa yayin zaɓar:
(1) Tsawon zangon tsakiya
A cikin nanometers (nm), a halin yanzu akwai manyan nau'ikan iri uku:
850nm (MM, multimode, low cost amma gajeriyar nisa watsawa, gabaɗaya kawai 500M); 1310nm (SM, yanayin guda ɗaya, babban hasara yayin watsawa amma ƙananan tarwatsawa, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don watsawa a cikin 40KM);
1550nm (SM, yanayin guda ɗaya, ƙarancin hasara yayin watsawa amma babban tarwatsawa, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don watsa nisa sama da 40KM, kuma yana iya watsa 120KM kai tsaye ba tare da relay ba);
(2) Yawan watsawa
Adadin bits (bits) na bayanan da aka watsa a cikin daƙiƙa guda, a cikin bps.
A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan guda huɗu waɗanda aka fi amfani da su: 155 Mbps, 1.25 Gbps, 2.5 Gbps, 10 Gbps, da makamantansu. Yawan watsawa gabaɗaya yana dacewa da baya. Saboda haka, 155M Optical module kuma ana kiransa FE (100 Mbps) na gani na gani, kuma 1.25G na gani na gani kuma ana kiransa GE (Gigabit) na gani na gani.
Wannan shi ne tsarin da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin kayan watsawa na gani. Bugu da ƙari, ƙimar watsawarsa a cikin tsarin ajiyar fiber (SAN) shine 2Gbps, 4Gbps da 8Gbps.
(3) Nisan watsawa
Siginar gani baya buƙatar isar da siginar zuwa nisan da za a iya watsawa kai tsaye, a cikin kilomita (wanda ake kira kilomita, km). Na'urorin gani gabaɗaya suna da ƙayyadaddun bayanai: multimode 550m, yanayin guda 15km, 40km, 80km, da 120km, da sauransu.