1.Optical fiber core tsarin
1) Core: high refractive index, amfani da shi don watsa haske;
2) Cladding: low refractive index, forming a jimlar tunani yanayin tare da ainihin;
3) Layer na kariya: yana kare fiber na gani.
2.Single-mode da Multi-mode
Yanayin haske ɗaya ne kawai ake iya watsawa. Sabili da haka, tarwatsawar yanayin tsaka-tsakinsa karami ne kuma ya dace da sadarwa mai nisa, amma kuma akwai tarwatsewar kayan aiki da watsawar waveguide. Ta wannan hanyar, fiber-mode fiber yana da mafi girman buƙatu don faɗin sifofi da kwanciyar hankali na tushen haske, wato, faɗin sifofi dole ne ya zama kunkuntar kuma kwanciyar hankali mafi kyau. Single-yanayin fiber ba shi da jimlar watsawa.
Zai iya watsa nau'ikan haske da yawa. Koyaya, tarwatsewar yanayin yanayin sa yana da girma, wanda ke iyakance mitar watsa siginar dijital, kuma zai zama mai tsanani tare da haɓaka nesa. Nisan watsa fiber mai nau'i-nau'i da yawa gajeru ne, gabaɗaya 'yan kilomita kaɗan ne.
Kayan aiki guda ɗaya na iya yawanci suna gudana akan fiber-mode fiber ko multi-mode fiber, yayin da kayan aiki masu yawa suna iyakance ga gudana akan fiber-mode fiber.