Fiber na gani shine filaye mai sassauƙa mai sauƙi wanda aka yi da gilashin extruded ko filastik, wanda ya ɗan fi gashin ɗan adam kauri. Fiber na gani ita ce hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita don isar da haske a dukkan bangarorin biyu, kuma ana amfani da ita sosai wajen sadarwar fiber na gani. Fiber na gani yana da tsayin watsa nisa kuma mafi girma bandwidth fiye da kebul na waya. Fiber na gani yawanci yana ƙunshe da ainihin ainihin maƙasudin-ƙasa-ƙira da abin rufe fuska. Fiber na gani yana aiki azaman jagorar kalaman haske, wanda ke haifar da jimillar hasken haske a cikin fiber core.
Gabaɗaya magana, akwai nau'ikan fiber na gani guda biyu: waɗanda ke goyan bayan hanyoyin yaɗuwa da yawa ko hanyoyin juyawa ana kiran su multimode fibers (MMF), kuma waɗanda ke goyan bayan yanayin guda ɗaya ana kiran su filayen yanayin guda ɗaya (SMF). Amma mene ne bambancinsu? Karanta wannan labarin zai taimake ka ka sami amsar.
1. Menene fiber-yanayin guda ɗaya?
A cikin sadarwar fiber na gani, fiber-mode fiber (SMF) fiber na gani ne wanda ke watsa siginar gani kai tsaye a yanayin gefe. Fiber-mode guda ɗaya yana gudana akan ƙimar bayanai na 100M / s ko 1 G / s, kuma nisan watsawa na iya kaiwa aƙalla kilomita 5. A al'ada, ana amfani da fiber mai nau'i-nau'i don watsa siginar nesa.
2. Menene multimode fiber?
Multimode fiber (MMF) ana amfani da shi ne don sadarwar fiber na ɗan gajeren nesa, kamar a cikin gine-gine ko harabar jami'o'i. Matsakaicin saurin watsawa shine 100M / s, nisan watsawa na iya kaiwa 2km (100BASE-FX), 1 G / s na iya kaiwa 1000m, 10 G / s na iya kaiwa 550m. Akwai nau'ikan fihirisar refractive iri biyu: fihirisar da aka ba da daraja da fihirisar mataki.
3. Menene bambanci tsakanin yanayin guda ɗaya da fiber multimode?
1. Core diamita
Babban bambanci tsakanin multimode da fiber-mode fiber shine cewa tsohon yana da diamita mafi girma, yawanci babban diamita na 50 ko 62.5 µm, yayin da nau'in fiber na yau da kullun yana da babban diamita na 8 da 10 µm, kunshin duka biyun. Diamita na Layer duk sune 125µm.
2. Madogaran haske
Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da Laser da LED azaman tushen haske. Hanyoyin hasken Laser suna da tsada sosai fiye da tushen hasken LED saboda hasken da yake samarwa ana iya sarrafa shi daidai kuma yana da babban iko. Hasken da hasken wutar lantarki ke samarwa ya fi tarwatsewa (hanyoyin haske da yawa), kuma waɗannan hanyoyin hasken galibi ana amfani da su a cikin masu tsalle-tsalle na fiber multimode. A lokaci guda, tushen hasken laser (wanda ke samar da haske kusa da yanayin guda ɗaya) yawanci ana amfani da shi don masu tsalle-tsalle guda ɗaya.
3. Bandwidth
Saboda multimode fiber yana da girman babban mahimmanci fiye da fiber yanayin guda ɗaya, yana goyan bayan hanyoyin watsawa da yawa. Bugu da kari, kamar multimode zaruruwa, guda-mode zaruruwa kuma nuna modal watsawa lalacewa ta hanyar da yawa sarari halaye, amma modal watsawa na guda-mode zaruruwa ne kasa da multimode zaruruwa. Don waɗannan dalilai, fiber-mode fiber yana da bandwidth mafi girma fiye da fiber multimode.
4. Launin kwano
Ana amfani da launi na jaket a wasu lokuta don rarrabe masu tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle-tsalle daga multimode fiber jumpers. Bisa ga ma'anar ma'anar TIA-598C, don aikace-aikacen da ba na soja ba, nau'i-nau'i na gani guda ɗaya suna amfani da jaket na waje na launin rawaya, kuma nau'i-nau'i masu yawa suna amfani da jaket na waje na orange ko aqua-kore. Dangane da nau'ikan daban-daban, wasu masana'antun suna amfani da shunayya don bambance fiber OM4 mai girma daga sauran nau'ikan fiber.
5. Modal watsawa
Wani lokaci ana amfani da tushen hasken LED a cikin fiber na multimode don ƙirƙirar jerin tsayin raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke yaduwa a cikin sauri daban-daban. Wannan zai haifar da tarwatsawa na nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, wanda ke iyakance tasirin watsawa mai tasiri na masu tsalle-tsalle masu yawa. Sabanin haka, Laser da ake amfani da shi don fitar da fiber mai nau'i-nau'i guda ɗaya yana samar da tsawon haske guda ɗaya. Saboda haka, ta modal watsawa ne da yawa karami fiye da multimode fiber. Saboda modal watsawa, multimode fiber yana da mafi girma bugun jini fadada kudi fiye da guda yanayin fiber, wanda iyaka watsa bayanai damar multimode fiber.
6. Farashin
Don multimode fiber na iya tallafawa yanayin yanayin gani da yawa, farashin sa ya fi fiber yanayin guda ɗaya. Amma dangane da kayan aiki, tun da fiber-mode fiber yawanci yana amfani da diodes laser mai ƙarfi, kayan aikin fiber-mode fiber ya fi tsada fiye da kayan fiber multimode. Sabili da haka, farashin amfani da fiber na multimode ya fi ƙasa da farashin amfani da fiber guda ɗaya.
4. Wane irin fiber ya kamata a zaba?
Yi la'akari da nisan watsawa da aka rufe da kuma jimlar kasafin kuɗi. Idan nisa bai wuce mil mil ba, multimode fiber zai yi aiki sosai, kuma farashin tsarin watsawa (mai watsawa da mai karɓa) zai kasance daga yuan 3300 zuwa yuan 5300. Idan tazarar da aka rufe ta zarce kilomita 6-10, ya kamata a zabi fibre mai nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) wanda ya kamata a zabi nau'i-nau'i guda ɗaya, amma saboda karuwar farashin laser diodes, farashin tsarin watsawa zai wuce yuan 6700.