Na farko, ainihin ilimin ƙirar ƙirar gani
1.Ma'anar modul na gani:
Optical module: wato, na'urar transceiver na gani.
2.Tsarin na'urar gani da ido:
Na'urar transceiver na gani yana kunshe da na'urar optoelectronic, da'ira mai aiki da kuma na'urar gani, kuma na'urar ta optoelectronic ta ƙunshi sassa biyu: watsawa da karɓa.
Bangaren watsawa shine: siginar lantarki da ke shigar da ƙimar ƙima ana sarrafa ta ta guntu na tuƙi na ciki don fitar da laser semiconductor (LD) ko diode mai haske (LED) don fitar da siginar haske mai daidaitacce na ƙimar daidai, da na'urar gani. ana samar da da'irar sarrafa wutar lantarki ta atomatik a ciki. Ƙarfin siginar gani mai fitarwa ya kasance barga.
Bangaren karɓa shine: tsarin shigar da siginar gani na takamaiman adadin lambar ana canza shi zuwa siginar lantarki ta diode mai gano hoto. Bayan preamplifier, siginar lantarki na ƙimar lambar daidai tana fitowa, kuma siginar fitarwa gabaɗaya matakin PECL ne. A lokaci guda, ana fitar da siginar ƙararrawa bayan shigar da ƙarfin gani bai kai ƙima ba.
3.The sigogi da kuma muhimmancin da na gani module
Modulolin gani suna da mahimman sigogin fasaha na optoelectronic da yawa. Koyaya, don samfuran gani guda biyu masu zafi-swappable, GBIC da SFP, sigogi uku masu zuwa sun fi damuwa yayin zaɓar:
Tsawon zangon tsakiya
A cikin nanometers (nm), a halin yanzu akwai manyan nau'ikan iri uku:
850nm (MM, multimode, low cost amma gajeriyar nisa watsawa, gabaɗaya kawai 500M); 1310nm (SM, yanayin guda ɗaya, babban hasara yayin watsawa amma ƙananan tarwatsawa, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don watsawa a cikin 40KM);
1550nm (SM, yanayin guda ɗaya, ƙarancin hasara yayin watsawa amma babban tarwatsawa, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don watsa nisa sama da 40KM, kuma yana iya watsa 120KM kai tsaye ba tare da relay ba);
Yawan watsawa
Adadin bits (bits) na bayanan da aka watsa a cikin daƙiƙa guda, a cikin bps.
A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan guda huɗu waɗanda aka fi amfani da su: 155 Mbps, 1.25 Gbps, 2.5 Gbps, 10 Gbps, da makamantansu. Yawan watsawa gabaɗaya yana dacewa da baya. Saboda haka, 155M Optical module kuma ana kiransa FE (100 Mbps) na gani na gani, kuma 1.25G na gani na gani kuma ana kiransa GE (Gigabit) na gani na gani. Wannan shi ne tsarin da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin kayan watsawa na gani. Bugu da ƙari, ƙimar watsawarsa a cikin tsarin ajiyar fiber (SAN) shine 2Gbps, 4Gbps da 8Gbps.
Nisa watsawa
Siginar gani baya buƙatar isar da siginar zuwa nisan da za a iya watsawa kai tsaye, a cikin kilomita (wanda ake kira kilomita, km). Na'urorin gani gabaɗaya suna da ƙayyadaddun bayanai: multimode 550m, yanayin guda 15km, 40km, 80km, da 120km, da sauransu.
Na biyu, ainihin ra'ayi na kayan aikin gani
1.Laser category
Laser shine mafi tsakiyar ɓangaren na'urar gani wanda ke allurar halin yanzu cikin kayan na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto kuma yana fitar da hasken laser ta hanyar oscillations na photon da ribar a cikin rami. A halin yanzu, Laser da aka fi amfani da su shine FP da DFB. Bambanci shine cewa kayan aikin semiconductor da tsarin rami sun bambanta. Farashin Laser na DFB ya fi tsada fiye da Laser na FP. Na'urorin gani tare da nisan watsawa har zuwa 40KM gabaɗaya suna amfani da laser na FP. Na'urorin gani tare da nisa watsawa.≥40KM gabaɗaya suna amfani da laser DFB.
2.Transmitted ikon gani da kuma karɓar ji na ƙwarai
Ikon gani da ake watsawa yana nufin fitowar ƙarfin gani na tushen haske a ƙarshen watsawar na'urar gani. Hankalin karɓa yana nufin mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin gani na gani na tsarin gani a wani ƙayyadadden ƙima da ƙimar kuskure.
Raka'o'in waɗannan sigogi guda biyu sune dBm (ma'ana decibel milliwatt, logarithm na naúrar wutar lantarki mw, tsarin lissafin shine 10lg, 1mw ana canza shi zuwa 0dBm), wanda galibi ana amfani dashi don ayyana nisan watsa samfurin, tsayin raƙuman ruwa daban-daban, Adadin watsawa da ikon watsawa na gani na gani da karɓar hankali zai bambanta, muddin ana iya tabbatar da nisan watsawa.
3.Asara da watsewa
Asara ita ce asarar makamashin haske saboda sha da watsawa na matsakaici da kuma zubar da haske lokacin da aka watsa haske a cikin fiber. Wannan bangare na makamashin yana bazuwa a wani ƙayyadadden ƙimar yayin da nisan watsawa ke ƙaruwa. Watsawa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar rashin daidaiton saurin raƙuman igiyoyin lantarki daban-daban da ke yaɗawa a cikin matsakaici iri ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da sassa daban-daban na siginar gani don isa ga Karɓar ƙarewa a lokuta daban-daban saboda tarawar nisa na watsawa, yana haifar da faɗaɗa bugun jini kuma don haka rashin iya bambanta sigina. daraja. Waɗannan sigogi biyu sun fi shafar nisan watsawa na ƙirar gani. A cikin ainihin tsarin aikace-aikacen, 1310nm na gani na gani gabaɗaya yana ƙididdige asarar hanyar haɗin gwiwa a 0.35dBm/km, kuma 1550nm na gani na gani gabaɗaya yana ƙididdige asarar hanyar haɗin gwiwa a .20dBm/km, kuma yana ƙididdige ƙimar watsawa. Mai rikitarwa sosai, gabaɗaya don tunani kawai.
4.The rayuwar na gani module
Haɗin kai na duniya, sa'o'i 50,000 na ci gaba da aiki, sa'o'i 50,000 (daidai da shekaru 5).
Na'urorin gani na SFP duk mussoshin LC ne. Na'urorin gani na GBIC duk musaya ne na SC. Sauran musaya sun haɗa da FC da ST.