E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ua hoʻokō ka ʻenehana ʻenehana i nā hana kupaianaha he nui i ka makahiki 2018, a aia nā mea like ʻole i ka 2019, kahi i kali lōʻihi ʻia. Ua manaʻo ka luna ʻenehana nui o Inphi, ʻo Dr. (DCI), kekahi o nā ʻāpana ʻenehana ʻenehana, e hoʻololi pū ʻia ma 2019. Eia ʻekolu mau mea āna i manaʻo ai e hana ʻia ma ka kikowaena data i kēia makahiki.
1.ʻO ka decomposition ʻāina o nā kikowaena ʻikepili e lilo i mea maʻamau
Pono ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili i ka nui o ke kākoʻo o ke keʻena kino, e komo pū ana i nā ʻōnaehana e like me ka mana a me ka cooling. E lilo ana ka ʻikepili geo-decomposition i mea maʻamau i ka lilo ʻana i mea paʻakikī i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kikowaena data nui, hoʻomau, nui. nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o nā kumukūʻai ʻāina. He mea koʻikoʻi ka nui o ka bandwidth interconnects no ka hoʻopili ʻana i kēia mau kikowaena data.
DCI-Campus：Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kēia mau kikowaena ʻikepili, no ka laʻana ma kahi pā kula. ʻO ka mamao maʻamau ka palena ma waena o 2 a me 5 mau kilomita. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka fiber, aia kekahi overlap o nā loulou CWDM a me DWDM ma kēia mau mamao.
DCI-Edge：ʻO kēia ʻano o ka pilina mai ka 2 km a hiki i ka 120 km. Hoʻopili nui ʻia kēia mau loulou i nā kikowaena data i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka wahi a ua maʻamau i nā palena latency. palapala hoʻouna i loko o ka fiber-optic C-band (192 THz i 196 THz pukaaniani).ʻO ka pololei detection modulation format ua amplitude modulated, he maʻalahi ka ike ana papahana, pau ka mana haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa kumu kūʻai, a koi aku waho dispersion uku ma ka hapanui o na hihia. ʻO 100 Gbps, 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4), ʻo ke ʻano ʻike pololei ʻo ia ke ʻano kumu kūʻai no nā noi DCI-Edge. ʻO ka format modulation PAM4 he pālua ka mana o ka kuʻuna non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format modulation.No ka hanauna e hiki mai ana o 400-Gbps (ma kēlā me kēia hawewe) ʻōnaehana DCI, ʻo ka 60-Gbaud, 16-QAM coherent format ka mea hoʻokūkū alakaʻi.
DCI-Metro/Long Haul：ʻO kēia māhele o ka fiber ma waho o ka DCI-Edge, me kahi loulou honua a hiki i 3,000 mau kilomita a me kahi papahele moana lōʻihi. ʻO ka amplitude a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pae, koi i nā lasers oscillator kūloko no ka ʻike ʻana, koi i ka hana hōʻailona kikohoʻe paʻakikī, hoʻopau i ka mana, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka ʻike pololei a i ʻole nā ala NRZ.
2.E hoʻomau ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kikowaena data
He mea koʻikoʻi ka nui o ka bandwidth interconnects i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia mau kikowaena data. ka nānā ʻana o nā mea hoʻolako pūnaewele DWDM maʻamau. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā koi bandwidth o nā mea lawelawe kapuaʻi (CSPs) e hāʻawi ana i ka lako polokalamu-as-a-service (SaaS), platform-as-a-service (PaaS) a me nā ʻōnaehana-as-a-service. (IaaS) ke alakaʻi nei i nā ʻōnaehana optical like ʻole no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kikowaena kikowaena data CSP Layernā hoʻololianā mea hoʻokele.I kēia lā, pono e holo kēia ma 100 Gbps. I loko o ke kikowaena ʻikepili, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kelepona keleawe i hoʻopili pololei ʻia (DAC), ke kaula optical active (AOC) a i ʻole 100G "gray" optics. i loaʻa i kēia manawa wale nō kahi hiʻohiʻona piha, coherent-based repeater-based approach that is sub-optimal.
Me ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi kaiaola 100G, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻolālā ʻoihana kikowaena data mai kahi kumu hoʻohālike kuʻuna ʻikepili.“kikowaena ʻikepili nui”campus. Ua hoʻohui ʻia ka hapa nui o nā CSP i kahi hoʻolālā ʻāina i māhele ʻia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka paona i koi ʻia a hāʻawi i nā lawelawe kapuaʻi i loaʻa loa.
Aia nā wahi kikowaena ʻikepili ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi metropolitan me ka nui o ka heluna kanaka e hāʻawi i ka lawelawe maikaʻi loa (me ka lohi a me ka loaʻa) i nā mea kūʻai hope kokoke loa i kēia mau wahi. a i ʻole "hubs". Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau "puka" a i ʻole "hubs" i ka iwi kuamoʻo o ka CSP ākea ākea (WAN) (a me nā pae ʻaoʻao i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā hoa-a-peer, ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻike kūloko a i ʻole ka halihali submarine). 'īpuka" a i ʻole "hubs" i pili i ka iwi kuamoʻo o ka CSP ākea ākea (WAN) (a me nā pae ʻaoʻao i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka peer-to-peer, ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻike kūloko a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i lalo o ka moana). maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hana hou a hoʻopili iā lākou i ka ʻīpuka kūloko. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻonui wikiwiki a me ka ulu ʻana o ka wahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kikowaena data nui hou a me kahi manawa kūkulu lōʻihi, me ka pōmaikaʻi hou o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka manaʻo o nā wahi like ʻole i loaʻa (AZ) ma kahi i hāʻawi ʻia.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai kahi hoʻolālā kikowaena ʻikepili nui i kahi ʻāpana e hoʻokomo i nā kaohi ʻē aʻe e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ke koho ʻana i ka ʻīpuka a me nā wahi kikowaena data center. pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kikowaena (ma ka ʻīpuka lehulehu). Me kēia mau mea i ka noʻonoʻo, ʻaʻole kūpono ke kahua koʻikoʻi o kēia lā no nā noi DCI.
Hāʻawi ka format modulation PAM4 i ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka wāwae haʻahaʻa, a me nā koho ʻike pololei. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi transceiver lawe ʻelua me kahi PAM4 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), e hoʻohui ana i ka mīkini hōʻailona digital integrated (DSP) a hoʻoponopono hewa i mua (FEC). ʻO ka hopenahoʻololiHiki i ka module pluggable ke hana i ka hoʻoili DWDM ma luna o kahi loulou DCI maʻamau, me 4 Tbps no kēlā me kēia fiber a me 4.5 W no 100G.
3.ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi Silicon a me CMOS e lilo i kumu nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā module optical
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā kiʻi kiʻi kilika no nā optics i hoʻohui ʻia a me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) no ka hoʻoili hōʻailona e pāʻani i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā modula optical haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hoʻololi.
ʻO ka puʻuwai kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi nui ka puʻuwai o ka module pluggable. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka indium phosphide, hiki i ka silicon CMOS platform ke komo i ka wafer-level optics ma nā nui wafer 200 mm a me 300 mm. ua kūkulu ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka germanium epitaxy ma luna o kahi kahua silicon CMOS maʻamau. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana silicon dioxide a me ka silicon nitride e hana i nā mea hoʻohālikelike haʻahaʻa refractive haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻāpana optical insensitive.
Ma ke Kiʻi 2, ʻo ke ala ʻike puka o ka chip photonic chip i loaʻa i kahi pālua o ka nalu hele ʻana Mach Zehnder modulators (MZM), hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia hawewe. hana e like me DWDM multiplexer. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka MZM silicon like ma nā ʻano modulation NRZ a me PAM4 me nā hōʻailona kaʻa like ʻole.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o nā koi bandwidth o nā ʻoihana kikowaena data, pono ke kānāwai o Moore i nā holomua i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā chips. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai i kahoʻololiarouternā paepae e mālama aihoʻololichip base parity me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki o kēlā me kēia port.Next-generationhoʻololiua hoʻolālā ʻia nā chips no kēlā me kēia awa o ka papahana 400G.A i kapa ʻia ʻo 400ZR i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka Optical Internet Forum (OIF) e hoʻohālikelike i nā modula DCI optical hou aʻe a hana i kahi kaiaola optical ʻokoʻa no nā mea hoʻolako. Ua like kēia manaʻo me WDM PAM4, akā. e kākoʻo i nā koi 400-Gbps.