I ka ʻoihana kamaʻilio optical, ʻike nui ʻia nā modula optical. He ʻokoʻa ko lākou nui kino, a ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā ala a me nā uku hoʻouna. Pehea i hana ʻia ai kēia mau modula, he aha ko lākou mau ʻano, a me nā mea huna a pau i ka maʻamau.
E nānā ʻole ʻia nā kūlana hoʻopihapiha kahiko e like me GBIC, XPAK, X2, a me Xenpak, a e kau ʻia ka ikehu nui i nā kūlana ʻoi aku ka ikaika a i ʻole nā mea hou, e loiloi ʻia kēlā me kēia ma lalo.
SFF Standardization Organization: Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hui standardization SFF (small form-factor small package) ma ʻAukake 1990. Ua hoʻokumu mua ʻo ia i nā disk drive 2.5-inch a hoʻonui i nā kahua ʻē aʻe i Nowemapa 1992. I kēia manawa, ua lilo ʻo SFF i mea maʻamau a kūleʻa. module maʻamau i ke kahua o optical module packaging. ʻO nā kūlana module optical i hoʻokumu ʻia e SFF ka nui o SFP / QSFP / XFP.
SFP kūlana
SFP (small form-factor Pluggable), he ʻohana o nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi-factor pluggable transceivers, hoʻohana nui ʻia no Ethernet, fiber channel, Wireless CPRI, SONET: wehewehe i kahi pūʻolo SFP hoʻokahi-kanela mai 1Gb / s a 28Gb / s e pono ai. i hoʻokō me Standard, hōʻike ʻia kona ʻano ma ka kiʻi ma lalo. ʻO ka mua, aia kahi palapala hoʻolaha, e like me SFF-8402 i manaʻo ʻia SFP28, SFF-8083 i manaʻo ʻia SFP10 (ʻo ka helu ma ka hopena e hōʻike ana i ka pae o ka hoʻouna ʻana, kākau pinepine ʻia ʻo SFP10 e like me SFP + i kēia manawa), ua haʻi kēia palapala hoʻolaha i nā koi ʻenehana. ʻO kēia mau koi ʻenehana i ʻōlelo ʻia i hui pū ʻia ke ʻano maʻamau no kēia module.
ʻO ka SFP series technical specifications e pili pū ana:
SFF-8432, wehewehe i ka nui o ka module (ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻokomo ʻana), ka ikaika plugging, a me ka kikoʻī o ka hale module.
Hōʻike ʻo SFF-8071 i ka mea hoʻohui kau kāleka ma ka motherboard HOST a me ke kaʻina komo manamana lima gula o ka motherboard module.
SFF-8433, ho'ākāka i ka nui o ka ʻaoʻao-ʻaoʻao module hīnaʻi a me EMI shrapnel kikoʻī kikoʻī.
SFF-8472, wehewehe i ka hoʻomanaʻo module a me nā kikoʻī hoʻokele diagnostic.
Hōʻike ka SFF-8431 i ka lako mana, nā hōʻailona uila haʻahaʻa (laina kamaʻilio), nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe, ka manawa, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo e heluhelu a kākau i nā kikoʻī.
Ma muli o ka piʻi aʻe o ke kākoʻo SFP, ʻaʻole pili ka hōʻailona hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe ma SFF8431 iā SFP16 / 28, no laila ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo SFF-8431 i SFF-8418 a me SFF-8419. SFF-8418 wehewehe kiko'ī 10Gb / s kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki hoailona interface pono. No nā koi pili kino ma luna o 10Gb / s, e nānā iā Fiber Channel. SFF-8419 wehewehe kiko'ī i nā mea ʻē aʻe ma waho o nā hōʻailona wikiwiki loa ma SFF-8431, kūpono ia no nā modula moʻo SFP āpau.
No laila, pono e kama'āina nā mea hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ʻōnaehana SFP me SFP-8431. Inā he kanaka hoʻolālā ʻoe i nā PCB, kākau i nā lako polokalamu, a i ʻole hoʻāʻo, pono ke kamaʻāina iā SFF-8472, SFF-8418, a me SFF-8419.
Kūlana QSFP
ʻO QSFP (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable), kahi transceiver miniaturized pluggable ʻehā, hoʻohana nui ʻia ma Infiniband, Ethernet, Fiber Channel, OTN, SONET protocol family: Hoʻonui ʻo QSFP i kahi kaila SFP hoʻokahi i ʻehā mau kahawai me ka nui o ia wale nō. ua oi aku mamua o papalua. No ka nui likehoʻololi, ʻO ka mana hoʻololi QSFP he 2.67 manawa o ka SFP. Ua wehewehe mua ʻia ka protocol QSFP e INF-8438i, a laila hoʻonui ʻia i SFF-8436,
a laila ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo SFF-8436 i mau ʻāpana no ka wehewehe a me ka kuhikuhi. Ua like ka hale hana me SFP:
ʻO nā kikoʻī ʻenehana QSFP ka mea nui:
SFF-8679, wehewehe i ka hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki, haʻahaʻa-wikiwiki hōʻailona, mana lako, manawa kiko'ī o ka module, a wehewehe i ka optical interface a huki apo kala kiko'ī.
SFF-8636, wehewehe i ka ʻike hoʻomanaʻo, heluhelu a kākau i nā hana.
SFF-8661, wehewehe i ka nui o ka module, ka nui o ka manamana gula a me ka kikoʻī o ka hoʻokomo a me ka wehe ʻana o ka module.
SFF-8662 a me SFF-8663 e wehewehe i ka hīnaʻi a me ka mea hoʻohui (ʻano A) o ka module QSFP28.
SFF-8672 a me SFF-8683 wehewehe i nā hīnaʻi a me nā mea hoʻohui (ʻano B) o ka module QSFP28.
ʻO SFF-8682 a me SFF-8683 e wehewehe i nā hīnaʻi a me nā mea hoʻohui o QSFP14 a ma lalo o nā modula helu.
Hiki ke nānā 'ia nā 'ike hou aku no QSFP ma ka protocol Infiniband. (InfiniBand TM ArchitectureSpecification Volume )
XFP maʻamau
XFP (10 Gb / s Small Form Factor Pluggable module, kahi e kū ai ʻo X no 10 i nā helu Roma a hoʻohana nui ʻia no SONET OC-192, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, a me ke kahawai fiber) ʻohana protocol: XFP He module hiki ke hoʻololi i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu. ua wehewehe mua ʻia e ka XFP MSA a ma hope i waiho ʻia i ka hui SFF no ka paʻi ʻana. Aia ka protocol XFP i ka SFF-8477 a me INF-8077.
ʻO ka protocol INF8077 ka wehewehe ʻana i ka nui, ka uila uila, ka ʻike hoʻomanaʻo, ka mana kamaʻilio a me nā diagnostics o ka module XFP (ʻo ka protocol nā mea āpau o ka module). ʻO SFF-8477 ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lōʻihi hawewe.
CXP Kūlana
CXP (12x Small Form-factor Pluggable, 12-channel small pluggable package, kahi e kū ai ʻo C no 100G, hoʻohana nui ʻia no Infiniband, fiber channel, Ethernet) protocol i hoʻoponopono nui ʻia e ka hui Infiniband.
ʻO Annex A6 120 Gb / s 12x Small Form-factor pluggable (CXP) InterfaceSpecification for Cables, Active Cables & Transceivers hāʻawi i nā mea āpau o nā kikoʻī CXP (hiki ke hoʻoiho manuahi ma www.infinibandta.org). Eia kekahi, hoʻoponopono ka hui SFF i nā hīnaʻi pale a me nā pahu kāleka no nā CXP o nā māka wikiwiki like ʻole.
SFF-8617 Mini Multilane 12X Shielded Cage / Connector 12 channel CXP cage and module board slot specification.
SFF-8642 EIA-965 Mini Multilane 10 Gb / s 12X Palekana Cage / Connector (CXP10) 12x10Gb / s CXP module hīnaʻi a me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka papa module.
SFF-8647 Mini Multilane 14 Gb / s 12X Palekana Cage / Connector (CXP14) 12x14Gb / s CXP module cage and module board slot specifications.
SFF-8648 Mini Multilane 28 Gb / s 12X Palekana Cage / Connector (CXP28) 12x28Gb / s CXP module cage and module board slot specifications.
ʻO ka microQSFP (miniaturized QSFP), kahi protocol multi-dimensional i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 2015, ʻo ia nā kaha 4 e like me QSFP, akā ʻo ka nui wale nō ka nui o kahi module SFP, a kākoʻo ʻo ia i ka 25G a me 50G (PAM4 modulation) nā pākēneka. Ma o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā fins dissipation wela ma ka hale module, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana wela. "Micro QUAD SMALL FORM-FACTOR PLUGGABLE FOUR CHANNEL PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER, HOST CONNECTOR, & CAGE ASSEMBLY FORM FACTOR" kiko'ī i ka kiko'ī micro-QSFP.
pūʻolo CFP
Ma waho aʻe o nā pūʻolo SFP a me QSFP, ʻo CFP ke ʻano maʻamau o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā modula optical. ʻO ka C ma ka CFP he 100 i ka uaki helu Roma, no laila ke kuhikuhi nui nei ka CFP i nā noi me ka helu o 100G (me 40G) a i luna.
ʻO ka ʻohana CFP ka nui o ka CFP / CFP2 / CFP4 / CFP8, a aia nō ʻo CFP8 i ka pae noi.
ʻAʻole like me nā helu hou 10 a me 28 ma hope o ka QSFP, e hōʻike ana i ka pae wikiwiki, ʻo nā helu ma hope o ka CFP e hōʻike ana i kahi hanauna hou, me ka nui paʻa (koe wale nō ka CFP8) a me ka nui kiʻekiʻe.
I ka wā i hoʻomaka mua ʻia ai ka pōʻai CFP, ua paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi pākēneka 25Gb / s, no laila ua wehewehe ʻia ka helu kikowaena uila o kēlā me kēia CFP ma ke ʻano he 10Gb / s pae, a ua loaʻa iā 40G a me 40G ma o 4x10Gb / s a me 10x10Gb. / s nā pilina uila. 100G module māmā. Nui loa ka nui o ka module CFP e hiki ai ke hoʻokomo i nā hana he nui ma ka motherboard i loko o ka module e hoʻopau ai [ASIC (SerDes)]. Ke hoʻohālikelike ka wikiwiki o kēlā me kēia ala optical me ka wikiwiki kaapuni, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i ka hoʻololi ʻana ma o kēia mau kaʻa (Gear box) No ka laʻana, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka port optical 4X25Gb / s i ke awa uila 10x10Gb / s.
ʻO ka nui o CFP2 he hapalua wale nō ka nui o ka CFP. Hiki i ke kikowaena uila ke kākoʻo i hoʻokahi 10Gb / s, a i ʻole 25Gb / s a i ʻole 50Gb / s. Ma o ka 10x10G, 4x25G, 8x25G, a me 8x50G pili uila, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā pākēneka module 100G / 200G / 400G.
Hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o CFP4 i ka hapalua o ka nui o CFP2. Kākoʻo ke kikowaena uila i ka 10Gb / s a me 25Gb / s, a loaʻa ka wikiwiki o ka module 40G / 100G ma o 4x10Gb / s a me 4x25Gb / s. Ua like loa nā modula CFP4 a me QSFP, ʻehā ala ʻelua, a kākoʻo lāua ʻelua i ka 40G a me 100G; ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻo nā modules CFP4 he ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻokele ʻana a me ka nui o nā nui (he hemahema kēia no nā kamaʻilio ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe), a hiki ke kākoʻo i nā hana nui. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, no nā māka wikiwiki ma luna o 25Gb / s a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻouna lōʻihi (koi i ka mana TEC wela, ka hoʻohana mana nui), hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pono o nā modules CFP4 i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana a me ka hoʻopau wela.
No laila, ʻo ke kamaʻilio ʻikepili pōkole ke kumu honua o QSFP; no 100G-LR4 10km noi, CFP4 a me QSFP28 puunaue like.
Hōʻike ʻia nā kūlana ʻohana CFP ma kēia kiʻi: ʻo kēlā me kēia maʻamau he 3 faila, ʻo ia ka "CFPx MSA Hardware Specification Revision" he faila papahana, e wehewehe pōkole ana i ka manaʻo module, hoʻokele module, interface uila, nui mechanical, optical interface, cheat Slots a me nā kikoʻī ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā palapala ʻelua ʻē aʻe e wehewehe i nā ana mechanical kikoʻī.
ʻO ka CFP MSA he ʻelua mau kikoʻī ʻenehana lehulehu, ʻo PIN Allocation REV.25 ka wehewehe ʻana i ka wehewehe pin module, a ʻo "CFP MSA Management Interface Specification" e wehewehe i ka mana hoʻokele module a hoʻopaʻa inoa i ka ʻike kikoʻī.
ʻO ke kikowaena uila kiʻekiʻe o ka module CFP e pili ana i ka noi, a kuhikuhi i ka CAUI, XLAUI, a me CEI-28G / 56G mau kikoʻī pili uila i ka IEEE802.3.
ʻO CFP8 kahi pūʻolo i manaʻo ʻia no 400G, a ua like kona nui me CFP2. Kākoʻo ke kikowaena uila i ka wikiwiki o 25Gb / s a me 50Gb / s, a loaʻa i ka wikiwiki 400G module ma o 16x25G a i ʻole 8 × 50 mau kikowaena uila. He Manaʻo wale nō ʻo CFP8, ʻaʻohe kūlana kūhelu no ka hoʻoiho lehulehu.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka CDFP MSA ma 2013, a ʻo ka CDFP packaging standard a lākou i hoʻokuʻu ai ʻo ia ka 400G optical module packaging standard. I kēlā manawa, ʻo 25Gb / s (OIF-CEI-28G-VSR) ka maʻamau o ka uila uila, no laila ua hana ka CDFP i 16 mau kahawai, a hoʻopau i ka helu 400G module ma o 16x25G, a ua kuhikuhi pono ʻia no ka pōkole- nā noi ma lalo o 2km.
Inā hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā awa uila 16-ala i ka lālani, e nui loa ka leo, no laila ua hoʻohui wale ka module CDFP i ʻelua papa PCB a hoʻohana i ka interface MPO16 ma ke awa optical. Ke nānā aku nei ka module holoʻokoʻa i ka momona! E like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā awa optical a me ka uila, aia ʻekolu mau ʻāpana module i ka huina.
ʻO ka maʻamau CDFP hou loa: "400 Gb / s (16 X 25 GB / s) PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER Rev 3.0″ e kuhikuhi ana i ke kikowaena uila, ka hoʻokele hoʻokele, ka interface optical, module / slot / cage nui o ka module CDFP, EMI / ESD mea pili. I kēia lā, wela loa ka PAM4, ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻāʻo nui ʻia kēia pūʻulu.
ʻO ke kūlana hōʻailona hou loa e kākoʻo ana i ka 400G pono ʻo QSFP-DD. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hui ma Pepeluali 2016 a ua hoʻokuʻu i ka maʻamau hou loa "QSFP DOUBLE DENSITY 8X PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER Rev 1.0" i Kepakemapa 2016. ʻO QSFP-DD ka nui like me QSFP (no ka mea aia kahi lālani ʻokoʻa o nā kaapuni, kahi liʻiliʻi. lōʻihi). ʻO ka hoʻololi koʻikoʻi ʻo ka pālua ʻana i ke kikowaena uila QSFP mai ʻehā a ʻewalu a kākoʻo i ka 50Gb / s channel rate 8X50 he 400G). Hoʻopili ʻia ka QSFP-DD uila uila me QSFP, akā ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā kūkākūkā ma luna nei he 100G a me 400G mau modula optical. E nānā kākou i ka CSFP hiki ke hoʻokokoke. ʻOiai ʻo ka maʻamau CSFP hou loa ʻo ia ka "campact SFP specifications" i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma 2009, ʻaʻole ia i ka wā kahiko. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o Campact ma mua o nā modula optical SFP, a hiki ke hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ka helu o nā kahawai. CSFP wehewehe 3 ano: 1CH campact SFP, 2CH campact SFP koho1, a me 2CH campact SFP koho2.
Hoʻopili ʻenehana ʻeleʻele CFP2—ACO
ʻO ka mea hope loa, e nānā kākou i ka ʻenehana ʻeleʻele kiʻekiʻe loa i nā kūlana hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha optical module: CFP2-ACO. Ua wehewehe nui ʻia e OIF a kuhikuhi i nā ana mechanical o CFP2. ʻO ka ACO hope ke ʻano o ka module optical coherent analog. Loaʻa ka nui o ka laser hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka modulator, a me kahi mea hoʻokipa pili. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka DSP (ka hōʻailona hōʻailona kikohoʻe) ma waho o ka module. He mea kupanaha kēia module. Me ka ʻenehana modulation DP-QPSK a me DP-xQAM, hiki ke maʻalahi ka lōʻihi o ka nalu hoʻokahi ma mua o 100Gb / s, a hiki i ka mamao o ka hoʻouna ʻana ma mua o 2000km.