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No ka IEEE802.11 protocol ma WiFi, nui ka nui o nā nīnau ʻikepili i alakaʻi ʻia, a ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka hoʻomohala mōʻaukala penei. ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu aʻe ʻaʻole ia he moʻolelo piha a kikoʻī, akā he wehewehe o nā protocols i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa ma ka mākeke. IEEE 802.11, hoʻokumu ʻia i...

Mai ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ua hāʻawi nui ʻia ke kamaʻilio uila ma muli o kāna noi koa, i hoʻomaikaʻi nui i nā palena o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻike i ke kaiapuni. Mai ia manawa, ke ulu nei ke kamaʻilio kelepona ʻole, akā ʻaʻole ia i kahi ākea o ka c...

ʻO ka fiber optical kahi ala uwea no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona ʻike. Kāhea mākou i nā hōʻailona uila i makemake ʻole ʻia i ke kahawai "noise ʻO ka walaʻau i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio ua superimposed ma ka hōʻailona. Inā ʻaʻohe hōʻailona hoʻouna, aia pū kekahi walaʻau i ka ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio. &#...

ʻO ke alahele he mea kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hopena hoʻouna a me ka hopena e loaʻa ai, a ʻo kāna hana ʻo ia ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona mai ka hopena hoʻouna a i ka hopena e loaʻa ai. Wahi a nā media hoʻoili like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kahawai i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā ala uila a me nā uea ...

Ma kēia ʻatikala e kamaʻilio wau e pili ana i ka Model System Communication i nā kikoʻī e pili ana i kā lākou 5 mau ʻāpana, (1) Source coding a decoding, (2) Encoding a decoding o nā kahawai, (3) Encryption a decryption, (4) Digital modulation a demodulate, (5) Synchronization. E luʻu hohonu kākou...

1. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻoihana kamaʻilio E like me nā ʻano lawelawe kamaʻilio like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio i nā ʻōnaehana kelepona kelepona, nā ʻōnaehana kelepona kelepona, nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio ʻikepili, a me nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio kiʻi. No ka mea, ke kamaʻilio kelepona ...