Kho qhov muaghloovfeem ntau siv hauv Ethernethloovsuav nrog SFP, GBIC, XFP, thiab XENPAK.
Lawv cov npe lus Askiv tag nrho:
SFP: Small Form-factorPluggabletransceiver, daim ntawv me me pluggable transceiver
GBIC: GigaBit InterfaceConverter, Gigabit Ethernet Interface Converter
XFP: 10-Gigabit smallForm-factorPluggable transceiver 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface
Cov pob me me pluggable transceiver
XENPAK: 10-Gigabit EtherNetTransceiverPAcKage 10 Gigabit Ethernet interface transceiver teeb pob.
Optical fiber connector
Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag fiber ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab lub ntsaws ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, thiab lub ntsaws yog tsim los ntawm tus pin thiab cov qauv ntsuas qhov nruab nrab. Raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv, cov khoom siv fiber ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua FC hom, SC hom, LC hom, ST hom thiab KTRJ hom.
FC connector adopts xov locking mechanism, nws yog ib tug optical fiber movable connector uas twb invented ua ntej thiab siv feem ntau.
SC yog qhov sib koom ua ke tsim los ntawm NTT. Nws tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha thiab tshem tawm yam tsis muaj ntsia hlau txuas. Piv nrog FC connector, nws muaj qhov chaw ua haujlwm me me thiab siv tau yooj yim. Low-end Ethernet cov khoom muaj ntau heev.
LC yog Mini-hom SC connector tsim los ntawm LUCENT. Nws muaj qhov me me thiab tau siv dav hauv qhov system. Nws yog ib qho kev taw qhia rau kev txhim kho fiber ntau optic active connectors yav tom ntej. Low-end Ethernet cov khoom muaj ntau heev.
ST connector yog tsim los ntawm AT & T thiab siv ib tug bayonet-type locking mechanism. Cov tsis tseem ceeb yog sib npaug rau FC thiab SC connectors, tab sis nws tsis yog feem ntau siv hauv cov tuam txhab. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv multimode txuas nrog lwm cov tuam txhab siv ntau dua thaum docking.
KTRJ tus pins yog yas. Lawv yog positioned los ntawm steel pins. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm mating lub sij hawm nce, cov mating nto yuav hnav, thiab lawv lub sij hawm ntev stability tsis zoo li cov ceramic pin connectors.
Kev paub fiber ntau
Optical fiber yog tus neeg xyuas pib uas xa lub teeb nthwv dej. Optical fiber tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib hom fiber ntau thiab ntau hom fiber ntau los ntawm hom kev sib kis ntawm qhov muag.
Nyob rau hauv ib hom fiber ntau, tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib kis ntawm optical, uas yog, lub teeb kis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub fiber. Vim hais tias hom dispersion yog kiag li zam thiab kis tau tus mob band ntawm ib hom fiber ntau yog dav, nws yog haum rau high-ceev thiab ntev-ntev fiber kev sib txuas lus.
Muaj ntau hom kev sib kis ntawm optical nyob rau hauv ib lub multimode fiber ntau. Vim yog dispersion los yog aberrations, cov fiber ntau no tsis zoo kis tau tus mob, ib tug nqaim zaus band, ib tug me me kis tau tus mob, thiab ib tug luv luv deb.
Optical fiber yam ntxwv parameter
Cov qauv ntawm optical fiber yog kos los ntawm prefabricated quartz fiber rods. Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla ntawm multimode fiber ntau thiab ib hom fiber ntau siv rau kev sib txuas lus yog 125 μm.
Slim lub cev yog muab faib ua ob qhov chaw: core thiab cladding txheej. Cov tub ntxhais txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib hom fiber ntau yog 8 ~ 10μm, thiab cov tub ntxhais txoj kab uas hla ntawm multimode fiber ntau muaj ob tus qauv specifications. Cov tub ntxhais txoj kab uas hla yog 62.5μm (tus qauv Asmeskas) thiab 50μm (tus qauv European).
Lub interface fiber specifications tau piav raws li hauv qab no: 62.5μm / 125μm multimode fiber ntau, qhov twg 62.5μm hais txog cov tub ntxhais txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov fiber ntau thiab 125μm yog hais txog sab nraud ntawm fiber ntau.
Ib hom fiber ntau siv lub wavelength ntawm 1310nm lossis 1550nm.
Multimode fibers siv feem ntau 850 nm lub teeb.
Xim tuaj yeem txawv ntawm ib hom fiber ntau thiab ntau hom fiber ntau. Ib hom fiber ntau sab nrauv lub cev yog daj, thiab ntau hom fiber ntau lub cev yog txiv kab ntxwv-liab.
Gigabit optical chaw nres nkoj
Gigabit optical ports tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv ob qho tib si yuam thiab tus kheej-kev sib tham hom. Hauv 802.3 specification, Gigabit optical chaw nres nkoj tsuas yog txhawb nqa 1000M tus nqi, thiab txhawb nqa ob hom puv-duplex (Full) thiab ib nrab-duplex (Half) duplex hom.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm nws pib-kev sib tham thiab yuam kev yog qhov code ntws xa thaum ob qho tib si tsim kom muaj qhov sib txuas ntawm lub cev sib txawv. Tus pib-kev sib tham hom xa cov / C / code, uas yog lub Configuration code kwj, thaum lub forcing hom xa / I / code, uas yog lub idle code kwj.
Gigabit optical chaw nres nkoj pib-negotiation txheej txheem
Ua ntej, ob qho kawg yog teem rau nws pib-kev sib tham hom
Ob tog xa / C / code ntws mus rau ib leeg. Yog tias 3 sib law liag / C / cov lej tau txais thiab cov lej tau txais kev sib tw ua haujlwm hauv zos, lawv yuav rov qab mus rau lwm tus nrog a / C / code nrog Ack teb. Tom qab tau txais cov lus Ack, cov phooj ywg xav tias ob leeg tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog ib leeg thiab teeb tsa qhov chaw nres nkoj rau UP xeev.
Thib ob, Teem ib qho kawg rau kev sib tham pib thiab ib qho kawg rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua
Tus kheej-kev sib tham kawg xa / C / kwj, thiab forcing kawg xa / I / kwj. Qhov kev quab yuam kawg tsis tuaj yeem muab qhov kawg hauv zos nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib tham ntawm qhov kawg hauv zos, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem xa rov qab Ack cov lus teb rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg, yog li qhov kev sib tham tus kheej kawg yog DOWN. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov yuam kev kawg nws tus kheej tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov / C / code, thiab txiav txim siab tias cov phooj ywg kawg yog qhov chaw nres nkoj uas phim nws tus kheej, yog li qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv zos ncaj qha mus rau UP xeev.
Thib peb, ob qhov kawg yog teem rau yuam hom
Ob tog xa / kuv / kwj rau ib leeg. Tom qab tau txais / I / kwj, ib qho kawg txiav txim siab cov phooj ywg los ua ib qho chaw nres nkoj uas phim nws tus kheej, thiab ncaj qha teeb tsa lub chaw nres nkoj hauv zos rau UP xeev.
Fiber ua haujlwm li cas?
Optical fibers rau kev sib txuas lus muaj xws li cov plaub hau zoo li iav filaments uas npog nrog ib tug tiv thaiv yas txheej. Cov iav filament yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ob qhov chaw: ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm 9 mus rau 62.5 μm, thiab cov khoom siv iav uas tsis tshua muaj refractive nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 125 μm. Txawm hais tias muaj qee yam ntawm cov fiber ntau optical raws li cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab qhov sib txawv, cov feem ntau tau hais ntawm no. Lub teeb raug xa mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov fiber ntau hauv "tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv" hom, uas yog, tom qab lub teeb nkag mus rau ib qho kawg ntawm cov fiber ntau, nws tau rov qab los ntawm cov tub ntxhais thiab cladding interfaces, thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau qhov kawg ntawm cov fiber ntau. lwm kawg ntawm fiber. Ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag nrog lub taub hau ntawm 62.5 μm thiab cladding txheej kab ntawm 125 μm yog hu ua 62.5 / 125 μm lub teeb.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm multimode thiab ib hom fiber ntau?
Multimode:
Fibers uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm ntau pua mus rau txhiab tus qauv hu ua multimode (MM) fibers. Raws li kev faib tawm radial ntawm qhov refractive index nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais thiab cladding, nws yuav muab faib ua kauj ruam multimode fiber ntau thiab graded multimode fiber ntau. Yuav luag tag nrho cov multimode fiber ntau yog 50/125 μm lossis 62.5 / 125 μm, thiab bandwidth (cov ntaub ntawv xa los ntawm fiber ntau) feem ntau yog 200 MHz mus rau 2 GHz. Multimode optical transceivers tuaj yeem xa mus txog li 5 mais los ntawm ntau hom fiber ntau. Siv lub teeb emitting diode lossis laser ua lub teeb ci.
Ib hom:
Fibers uas tsuas yog propagate ib hom yog hu ua ib hom fibers. Lub refractive index profile ntawm tus qauv ib hom (SM) fibers zoo ib yam li cov kauj ruam-type fibers, tshwj tsis yog tias cov tub ntxhais txoj kab uas hla yog npaum li cas me dua li ntawm multimode fibers.
Qhov loj ntawm ib hom fiber ntau yog 9-10 / 125 μm, thiab nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm infinite bandwidth thiab poob qis dua li ntau hom fiber ntau. Tib hom optical transceivers feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib kis mus ntev, qee zaum ncav cuag 150 txog 200 mais. Siv LD lossis LED nrog nqaim spectral kab ua lub teeb ci.
Qhov sib txawv thiab kev sib txuas:
Ib hom khoom siv feem ntau tuaj yeem khiav ntawm ib hom fiber ntau lossis ntau hom fiber ntau, thaum cov khoom siv ntau hom tsuas yog siv rau ntau hom fiber ntau.
Dab tsi yog qhov kis tau tus mob thaum siv optical cables?
Qhov no nyob ntawm lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb kis tau tus mob thiab hom fiber ntau siv.
850nm wavelength rau multimode fiber ntau: 3.0 dB / km
1310nm wavelength rau multimode fiber ntau: 1.0 dB / km
1310nm wavelength rau ib hom fiber ntau: 0.4 dB / km
1550nm wavelength rau ib hom fiber ntau: 0.2 dB / km
GBIC yog dab tsi?
GBIC yog cov ntawv luv ntawm Giga Bitrate Interface Converter, uas yog ib qho khoom siv sib txuas uas hloov cov hluav taws xob gigabit rau hauv cov teeb liab kho qhov muag. GBIC yog tsim los rau kub ntsaws. GBIC yog ib qho khoom sib hloov uas ua tau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Gigabithloovtsim nrog GBIC interface tuav lub lag luam loj hauv kev lag luam vim lawv hloov pauv hloov tau yooj yim.
SFP yog dab tsi?
SFP yog cov ntawv luv ntawm ME FORM PLUGGABLE, uas tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim raws li kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm GBIC. Qhov loj ntawm SFP module yog txo los ntawm ib nrab piv rau GBIC module, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua ob npaug ntawm tib lub vaj huam sib luag. Lwm cov haujlwm ntawm SFP module yog qhov pib zoo ib yam li GBIC. Ib txhiahloovmanufacturers hu rau SFP module ib tug mini-GBIC (MINI-GBIC).
Yav tom ntej optical modules yuav tsum txhawb nqa kub plugging, uas yog, lub module tuaj yeem txuas lossis txiav tawm ntawm lub cuab yeej yam tsis tau txiav tawm lub hwj chim. Vim hais tias lub optical module yog kub pluggable, network managers tau upgrade thiab nthuav lub system yam tsis tau kaw lub network. Tus neeg siv tsis muaj qhov sib txawv. Kub swappability kuj ua kom yooj yim txij nkawm tag nrho thiab ua rau cov neeg siv kawg kom tswj tau lawv cov transceiver modules zoo dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim qhov kev sib pauv kub no, qhov qauv no ua rau cov thawj coj hauv lub network ua kom tag nrho cov kev npaj rau tus nqi transceiver, txuas qhov deb, thiab tag nrho cov network topologies raws li kev hloov kho network, tsis tas yuav hloov tag nrho cov kab ke.
Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag uas txhawb qhov kev sib pauv kub tam sim no muaj nyob hauv GBIC thiab SFP. Vim tias SFP thiab SFF yog kwv yees li qhov loj me, lawv tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm, txuag chaw thiab sijhawm ntawm pob, thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv. Yog li ntawd, Nws txoj kev loj hlob yav tom ntej yog tsim nyog tos ntsoov rau, thiab tej zaum yuav hem SFF kev ua lag luam.
SFF (Small Form Factor) pob khoom siv kho qhov muag me me siv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev sib koom ua ke hauv Circuit Court, qhov loj tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov duplex SC (1X9) fiber ntau optic transceiver module, uas tuaj yeem ua ob npaug ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj kho qhov muag hauv tib qhov chaw. Ua kom kab chaw nres nkoj ceev thiab txo qhov system nqi ib qhov chaw nres nkoj. Thiab vim hais tias SFF me me pob module siv KT-RJ interface zoo ib yam li tooj liab network, qhov loj me yog tib yam li cov khoos phis tawj sib txuas tooj liab sib txuas, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab uas twb muaj lawm rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua. optic networks. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv network bandwidth.
Network kev twb kev txuas ntaus ntawv interface hom
BNC interface
BNC interface yog hais txog coaxial cable interface. BNC interface yog siv rau 75 ohm coaxial cable txuas. Nws muab ob txoj kev tau txais (RX) thiab kis (TX). Nws yog siv rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov teeb liab tsis sib npaug.
Fiber ntau interface
Lub fiber ntau interface yog lub cev interface siv los txuas fiber ntau optic cables. Feem ntau muaj ntau hom xws li SC, ST, LC, FC. Rau 10Base-F kev twb kev txuas, lub connector feem ntau yog hom ST, thiab lwm yam kawg FC txuas nrog fiber ntau optic thaj vaj huam sib luag. FC yog lub npe luv ntawm FerruleConnector. Txoj kev ntxiv dag zog sab nraud yog lub tes tsho hlau thiab txoj kev fastening yog ib lub pob ntsia hlau. ST interface feem ntau yog siv rau 10Base-F, SC interface feem ntau yog siv rau 100Base-FX thiab GBIC, LC feem ntau yog siv rau SFP.
RJ-45 interface
RJ-45 interface yog qhov feem ntau siv interface rau Ethernet. RJ-45 yog ib lub npe uas nquag siv, uas yog hais txog tus qauv tsim los ntawm IEC (60) 603-7, siv 8 txoj haujlwm (8 tus pins) txhais los ntawm tus qauv txuas thoob ntiaj teb. Modular jack los yog plug.
RS-232 interface
RS-232-C interface (tseem hu ua EIA RS-232-C) yog qhov feem ntau siv kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus. Nws yog tus qauv rau kev sib txuas lus sib koom ua ke tsim los ntawm American Electronics Industry Association (EIA) hauv xyoo 1970 nrog rau Tswb systems, modem manufacturers, thiab computer terminal manufacturers. Nws lub npe tag nrho yog "serial binary data exchange interface technology standard of data terminal equipment (DTE) and data communication equipment (DCE)". Tus qauv qhia tias 25-pin DB25 connector yog siv los qhia cov ntsiab lus teeb liab ntawm txhua tus pin ntawm lub connector, nrog rau qib ntawm ntau yam teeb liab.
RJ-11 interface
RJ-11 interface yog qhov peb feem ntau hu xov tooj sib txuas. RJ-11 yog lub npe dav dav rau lub connector tsim los ntawm Western Electric. Nws cov txheej txheem yog txhais raws li 6-pin kev sib txuas ntaus ntawv. Keeb kwm hu ua WExW, qhov twg x txhais tau tias "active", hu los yog threading koob. Piv txwv li, WE6W muaj tag nrho 6 tus neeg sib cuag, suav nrog 1 txog 6, WE4W interface siv tsuas yog 4 tus pins, ob tus neeg sab nraud (1 thiab 6) tsis siv, WE2W tsuas yog siv ob tus pins nruab nrab (uas yog, rau kev sib txuas hauv xov tooj) .
CWDM thiab DWDM
Nrog kev loj hlob sai ntawm IP cov ntaub ntawv cov kev pabcuam hauv Is Taws Nem, qhov kev thov rau kev sib kis kab mob bandwidth tau nce. Txawm hais tias DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) thev naus laus zis yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov kab bandwidth nthuav dav, CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) thev naus laus zis muaj qhov zoo dua DWDM ntawm cov nqi thiab kev tswj xyuas.
Ob leeg CWDM thiab DWDM muaj nyob rau hauv wavelength division multiplexing technology, thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua ob peb lub teeb sib txawv ntawm lub teeb rau hauv ib leeg-core fiber ntau thiab xa lawv ua ke.
CWDM tus qauv ITU tshiab yog G.695, uas qhia txog 18 wavelength channels nrog 20nm ntu ntawm 1271nm txog 1611nm. Xav txog cov dej ncov zoo li qub G.652 optical fibers, 16 channel feem ntau yog siv. Vim tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov channel loj, multiplexing thiab demultiplexing li thiab lasers pheej yig dua li DWDM.
Lub caij nyoog channel ntawm DWDM muaj qhov sib txawv xws li 0.4nm, 0.8nm, 1.6nm, thiab lwm yam. Lub caij nyoog yog me me thiab cov khoom siv tswj lub wavelength ntxiv yog xav tau. Yog li, cov khoom siv raws li DWDM thev naus laus zis yog kim dua li cov khoom siv raws li CWDM thev naus laus zis.
Ib tug PIN photodiode yog ib txheej ntawm maj mam doped N-hom khoom nruab nrab ntawm P-hom thiab N-hom semiconductor nrog siab doping concentration, uas yog hu ua I (Intrinsic) txheej. Vim nws yog maj mam doped, lub electron concentration yog tsawg heev, thiab ib tug dav depletion txheej yog tsim tom qab diffusion, uas yuav txhim kho nws cov lus teb ceev thiab conversion efficiency.
APD avalanche photodiodes tsis tau tsuas yog kho qhov muag / hluav taws xob hloov dua siab tshiab tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev nthuav dav sab hauv. Lub amplification yog ua tiav los ntawm avalanche multiplication nyhuv nyob rau hauv lub raj. APD yog photodiode nrog nce. Thaum lub rhiab heev ntawm lub optical receiver yog siab, APD yuav pab tau kom ncua qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub system.