"Network" tau dhau los ua "tseem ceeb" rau cov neeg niaj hnub no.
Yog vim li cas vim li cas lub caij nyoog zoo li no tuaj yeem tuaj, "fiber-optic kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis" tuaj yeem hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Xyoo 1966, British Suav sorghum tau npaj lub tswv yim ntawm fiber ntau optical, uas ua rau lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim kho qhov muag fiber ntau kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb. Thawj tiam ntawm lightwave systems ua hauj lwm ntawm 0.8 μm nyob rau hauv 1978 tau officially muab tso rau hauv kev lag luam siv, thiab lub thib ob tiam ntawm lightwave. Kev sib txuas lus siv ntau hom fiber ntau nyob rau hauv cov hnub thaum ntxov tau nthuav tawm sai sai thaum xyoo 1980s.Los ntawm 1990, qhov thib peb-tiam kho qhov muag yoj system ua haujlwm ntawm 2.4 Gb / s thiab 1.55 μm tau muab kev pabcuam kev lag luam.
Tus "leej txiv ntawm fiber ntau" sorghum, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau "kev sib kis ntawm lub teeb hauv fiber ntau rau kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag," tau txais 2009 Nobel nqi zog hauv Physics.
Kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau tam sim no tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub. Nws kuj tau pom tias yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev xa xov xwm hauv lub neej yav tom ntej cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, daim ntawv thov kev lag luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj, huab xam, 5G, Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam thiab kev txawj ntse tau tsim sai heev. Kev lag luam uas tsis muaj neeg siv neeg ua lag luam uas tab tom tuaj yog coj kev loj hlob loj rau cov ntaub ntawv tsheb. Data center interconnection tau maj mam tsim rau hauv kev tshawb fawb kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag. kub qhov chaw.
Hauv Google cov ntaub ntawv loj loj
Lub chaw cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no tsis yog ib leeg lossis ob peb chav computer xwb, tab sis ib pawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw ua haujlwm.Yuav kom ua tiav cov haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm ntau yam kev pabcuam hauv Is Taws Nem thiab kev lag luam thov, cov chaw zov me nyuam yuav tsum ua haujlwm ua ke.Lub sijhawm tiag. thiab kev sib cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam tau tsim qhov kev thov rau cov ntaub ntawv chaw sib cuam tshuam kev sib txuas, thiab kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau tau dhau los ua ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom muaj kev sib tshuam.
Cov khoom siv sib txuas lus sib txuas lus, cov ntaub ntawv kev sib kis tau zoo dua thiab muaj zog ntau dua, thiab ntau yam me me.000 ntawm cov tseem ceeb no yuav ua tau ua tiav yog qhov optical transceiver module.
Qee qhov kev paub yooj yim txog optical transceiver modules
Cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm feem ntau yog siv cov fiber ntau optical raws li qhov nruab nrab kis tau tus mob, tab sis qhov kev suav tam sim no thiab kev tsom xam yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov teeb liab hluav taws xob, thiab qhov optical transceiver module yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev paub txog kev hloov pauv photoelectric.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm optical module yog Transimitter (Lub Teeb Emitting Submodule) / Receiver (Lub Teeb Txais Submodule) lossis Transceiver (Optical Transceiver Module), hluav taws xob nti, thiab tseem suav nrog cov khoom siv xws li lo ntsiab muag, splitters, thiab cov khoom sib txuas. Peripheral Circuit Court muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Thaum kawg ntawm kev xa tawm: cov teeb liab hluav taws xob tau hloov mus rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob kho qhov muag los ntawm Transimitter, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag los ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag; Thaum kawg tau txais: cov teeb liab kho qhov muag hauv qhov muag fiber ntau tau txais los ntawm tus txais los ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. thiab hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lub teeb liab hluav taws xob thiab xa mus rau lub khoos phis tawj rau kev ua haujlwm.
Optical transceiver module schematic
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm optoelectronic kev koom ua ke thev naus laus zis, daim ntawv ntim ntawm optical transceiver module kuj tau hloov pauv. Ua ntej qhov kev lag luam kho qhov muag tau tsim, nws tau tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam loj hauv xov tooj cua thaum ntxov. Cov interfaces tau sib txawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv universally. Qhov no ua rau optical transceiver modules tsis hloov pauv.Rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam, qhov kawg "Multi Source Agreement (MSA)" tau los ua. Nrog rau MSA tus qauv, cov tuam txhab uas nws tus kheej tsom mus rau kev tsim Transceiver pib tshwm sim, thiab kev lag luam tau nce.
Optical transceiver module tuaj yeem muab faib ua SFP, XFP, QSFP, CFP, thiab lwm yam raws li daim ntawv pob:
· SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) yog ib qho compact, pluggable transceiver module standard rau telecom thiab datacom daim ntaub ntawv uas txhawb nqa mus txog 10Gbps hloov cov nqi.
XFP (10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable) yog 10G-tus nqi me me daim ntawv zoo pluggable transceiver module uas txhawb nqa ntau yam kev sib txuas lus xws li 10G Ethernet, 10G Fiber Channel, thiab SONETOC-192.XFP transceivers tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus thiab Kev lag luam kev sib txuas lus thiab muab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo dua li lwm yam 10Gbps transceivers.
QSFP (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable) yog ib qho compact, pluggable transceiver standard rau high-ceev cov ntaub ntawv kev sib txuas lus daim ntawv thov. Raws li qhov ceev, QSFP tuaj yeem muab faib ua 4 × 1G QSFP, 4 × 10GQSFP +, 4 × 25G QSFP28 optical modules. Tam sim no QSFP28 tau siv dav hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb.
CFP (cenum gibabits daim pluggable) yog raws cov qauv ntom nti yoj tes nrog tus nqi sib txuas lus ntawm 100-400 gbps. Qhov loj ntawm CFP module loj dua li ntawm SFP / XFP / QSFP, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib kis mus ntev xws li thaj chaw hauv nroog loj.
Optical transceiver module rau cov ntaub ntawv chaw sib txuas lus
Data center kev sib txuas lus tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg raws li hom kev sib txuas:
(1) Lub chaw cov ntaub ntawv rau tus neeg siv yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg siv kawg tus cwj pwm xws li tshawb xyuas lub vev xaib, xa thiab tau txais email thiab cov kwj video los ntawm kev nkag mus rau huab;
(2) Data center interconnection, feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntaub ntawv replication, software thiab system upgrades;
(3) Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv chaw, nws yog tsuas yog siv rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, tiam thiab tsuas. Raws li Cisco qhov kev kwv yees, cov ntaub ntawv chaw hauv kev sib txuas lus suav nrog ntau dua 70% ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw sib txuas lus, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw tsim kho tau nthuav tawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kub ceev optical modules.
Cov ntaub ntawv tsheb mus txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhov chaw loj-loj thiab flattening qauv yog tsav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm optical modules nyob rau hauv ob yam:
· Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev sib kis ntau ntxiv
· Kev xav tau ntau ntxiv
Tam sim no, cov kev xav tau ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv chaw kho qhov muag modules tau hloov pauv los ntawm 10/40G optical modules rau 100G optical modules.Tuam Tshoj Alibaba Cloud Promotion yuav dhau los ua thawj xyoo ntawm daim ntawv thov loj ntawm 100G optical modules hauv 2018. Nws yuav tsum tau hloov kho. 400G optical modules hauv 2019.
Ali huab module evolution txoj kev
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv loj tau ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov kev xav tau ntawm kev sib kis. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm multimode fibers yog txwv los ntawm qhov nce ntawm cov teeb liab tus nqi thiab yuav tsum tau maj mam hloov los ntawm ib hom fibers.Tus nqi ntawm cov fibers txuas yog tsim los ntawm ob qhov chaw: optical module thiab optical fiber. Rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, muaj cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv.Rau qhov nruab nrab mus rau qhov ntev ntawm kev sib txuas uas yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov ntaub ntawv chaw sib txuas lus, muaj ob txoj kev daws teeb meem los ntawm MSA:
· PSM4 (Parallel Ib Hom 4 kab)
· CWDM4 (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexer 4 txoj kab)
Ntawm lawv, PSM4 fiber ntau siv yog plaub npaug ntawm CWDM4. Thaum qhov txuas txuas ntev ntev, CWDM4 cov nqi daws teeb meem kuj tsawg. Los ntawm cov lus hauv qab no, peb tuaj yeem pom qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw 100G optical module daws teeb meem:
Niaj hnub no, kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm 400G optical modules tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam.Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm 400G optical module yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv dhau los thiab ua kom cov bandwidth thiab chaw nres nkoj ceev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw. nce, tsis tshua muaj suab nrov, miniaturization thiab kev koom ua ke, kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lwm tiam wireless tes hauj lwm thiab ultra-loj-scale data center kev siv kev sib txuas lus.
Thaum ntxov 400G optical module siv 16-channel 25G NRZ (Non-Returnto Zero) teeb liab kev hloov kho txoj hauv kev hauv CFP8 pob.Qhov zoo dua yog tias 25G NRZ teeb liab kev hloov kho tshuab matured ntawm 100G optical module tuaj yeem qiv, tab sis qhov tsis zoo yog tias 16 lub cim yuav tsum tau xa mus rau qhov sib npaug, thiab lub zog noj thiab ntim yog qhov loj, uas tsis haum rau cov ntaub ntawv chaw siv.In tam sim no 400G optical module, 8-channel 53G NRZ lossis 4-channel 106G PAM4 (4 Pulse Amplitude Modulation) teeb liab kev hloov kho feem ntau yog siv los paub txog 400G teeb liab kis.
Hais txog kev ntim khoom ntim, OSFP lossis QSFP-DD yog siv, thiab ob lub pob tuaj yeem muab 8 lub teeb liab hluav taws xob sib cuam tshuam.Hauv kev sib piv, QSFP-DD pob yog me me thiab tsim nyog rau cov ntaub ntawv chaw siv; OSFP pob yog qhov loj me me thiab siv zog ntau dua, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev siv xov tooj.
Tshawb xyuas "core" lub zog ntawm 100G / 400G optical modules
Peb tau qhia luv luv txog kev siv 100G thiab 400G optical modules. Cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab schematic ntawm 100G CWDM4 tov, 400G CWDM8 tov thiab 400G CWDM4 tov:
100G CWDM4 schematic
400G CWDM8 schematic
400G CWDM4 schematic
Nyob rau hauv lub optical module, tus yuam sij kom paub photoelectric teeb liab hloov dua siab tshiab yog lub photodetector. Txhawm rau kom ua tau raws li cov phiaj xwm no, koj yuav tsum tau ua li cas los ntawm "core"?
100G CWDM4 kev daws teeb meem xav tau 4λx25GbE kev siv, 400G CWDM8 kev daws teeb meem xav tau 8λx50GbE kev siv, thiab 400G CWDM4 kev daws yuav tsum tau siv 4λx100GbE.Corresponding to the modulation method, the 100G CWDM8 modulation, which respectively NR d rau tus nqi modulation ntawm 25Gbd thiab 53Gbd pab kiag li lawm.The 400G CWDM4 tswvyim txais lub PAM4 modulation tswvyim, uas kuj yuav tsum tau cov cuab yeej muaj ib tug modulation tus nqi ntawm 53Gbd los yog ntau tshaj.
Cov cuab yeej hloov kho tus nqi sib raug rau lub cuab yeej bandwidth. Rau 1310nm band 100G optical module, bandwidth 25GHz InGaAs ntes lossis ntes array txaus.