Thaum lub Circuit Court board yog soldered, nws yog feem ntau tsis ncaj qha muab lub hwj chim rau lub Circuit Court board thaum xyuas seb lub Circuit Court board puas ua hauj lwm ib txwm. Hloov chaw, ua raws cov kauj ruam hauv qab no kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj teeb meem hauv txhua kauj ruam thiab tom qab ntawd lub hwj chim rau tsis lig dhau lawm.
Seb qhov kev sib txuas puas yog
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xyuas daim duab schematic. Thawj qhov kev kuaj xyuas yog tsom mus rau seb lub nti lub zog thiab lub network nodes tau sau npe kom raug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, saib xyuas seb lub network nodes sib tshooj. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom qub, hom ntawm lub pob, thiab tus pin txiav txim ntawm lub pob (nco ntsoov: lub pob tsis tuaj yeem siv qhov pom sab saum toj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov pob tsis yog tus pin). Xyuas kom paub tseeb tias cov xaim hluav taws xob muaj tseeb, suav nrog cov xaim tsis raug, cov xaim tsawg dua, thiab cov xaim ntau dua.
Feem ntau muaj ob txoj hauv kev los kuaj kab:
1. Txheeb xyuas cov kab hluav taws xob uas tau teeb tsa raws li daim duab kos duab, thiab xyuas cov kab hluav taws xob uas tau teeb tsa ib qho los ntawm ib qho raws li cov kab hluav taws xob.
2. Raws li qhov tseeb Circuit Court thiab daim duab schematic, kos cov kab nrog cov khoom siv raws li qhov chaw. Txheeb xyuas cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm txhua tus pin ib zaug thiab xyuas seb txhua qhov chaw puas muaj nyob ntawm daim duab kos. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsis raug, cov xov hlau uas tau kuaj xyuas feem ntau yuav tsum tau cim rau ntawm daim duab kos. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv lub pointer multimeter ohm block buzzer test ncaj qha ntsuas cov khoom siv pins, kom cov xaim tsis zoo tuaj yeem pom tib lub sijhawm.
Seb lub hwj huam mov yog luv luv
Tsis txhob siv hluav taws xob ua ntej kev debugging, siv lub multimeter los ntsuas qhov input impedance ntawm lub hwj chim mov. Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tsim nyog! Yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob luv luv, nws yuav ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub hnyiab lossis ua rau muaj teeb meem loj dua. Thaum nws los txog rau ntu fais fab, 0 ohm resistor tuaj yeem siv los ua txoj kev debugging. Tsis txhob solder lub resistor ua ntej lub hwj chim. Txheeb xyuas tias qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob yog qhov qub ua ntej soldering lub resistor rau PCB kom lub hwj chim ntawm chav tsev tom qab, thiaj li tsis ua rau lub nti ntawm lub hwj chim tom qab yuav kub hnyiab tau vim qhov voltage ntawm lub hwj chim mov yog txawv txav. Ntxiv cov kev tiv thaiv Circuit Court rau kev tsim hluav taws xob, xws li siv cov fuses rov qab thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
Component installation
Feem ntau xyuas seb cov polar Cheebtsam, xws li lub teeb-emitting diodes, electrolytic capacitors, rectifier diodes, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov pins ntawm triode yog sib xws. Rau lub triode, tus pin txiav txim ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv nrog tib lub luag haujlwm kuj txawv, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev sim nrog multimeter.
Qhib thiab luv luv xeem ua ntej kom ntseeg tau tias yuav tsis muaj luv luv Circuit Court tom qab fais fab tuag. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus xeem tau teeb tsa, koj tuaj yeem ua ntau dua nrog tsawg dua. Kev siv 0 ohm resistors qee zaum muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ntsuas hluav taws xob ceev. Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem pib tsuas yog tom qab qhov kev sim kho vajtse saum toj no ua ntej lub hwj chim-on tiav.
Kev kuaj xyuas lub zog
1. Fais fab rau saib:
Tsis txhob maj mus ntsuas cov ntsuas hluav taws xob tom qab lub hwj chim, tab sis saib seb puas muaj cov xwm txheej txawv txav hauv Circuit Court, xws li seb puas muaj pa luam yeeb, ntxhiab tsw txawv txav, kov lub pob sab nraud ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, txawm tias nws kub, thiab lwm yam. muaj qhov tshwm sim txawv txav, tua lub hwj chim tam sim ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd lub hwj chim tom qab kev daws teeb meem.
2. Static debugging:
Kev debugging zoo li qub feem ntau yog hais txog DC qhov kev sim ua yam tsis muaj cov teeb liab tawm tswv yim lossis tsuas yog cov teeb liab theem. Lub multimeter tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm txhua qhov chaw hauv Circuit Court. Los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov kev kwv yees kwv yees, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Circuit Court Analyze thiab txiav txim seb lub DC ua hauj lwm raws li txoj cai ntawm lub Circuit Court yog ib txwm, thiab nrhiav kom paub nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas lub Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court puas los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm raws li txoj cai. Los ntawm kev hloov cov cuab yeej lossis kho qhov tsis sib xws, DC kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim.
3. Dynamic debugging:
Dynamic debugging yog ua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm static debugging. Cov teeb liab tsim nyog tau ntxiv rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, thiab cov teeb liab tso tawm ntawm txhua qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau raug kuaj pom raws li qhov ntws ntawm cov teeb liab. Yog tias pom qhov tshwm sim txawv txav, cov laj thawj yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas thiab qhov ua txhaum yuav tsum raug tshem tawm. , Thiab ces debug kom txog thaum nws ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Thaum kuaj, koj tsis tuaj yeem hnov ntawm koj tus kheej. Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov saib nrog kev pab ntawm ib qho cuab yeej. Thaum siv lub oscilloscope, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los teeb lub teeb liab input hom ntawm oscilloscope rau "DC" thaiv. Los ntawm DC coupling txoj kev, koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam AC thiab DC cov khoom ntawm cov teeb liab ntsuas tib lub sijhawm. Tom qab kev debugging, thaum kawg xyuas seb qhov ntsuas ntau yam ntawm cov haujlwm thaiv thiab tag nrho lub tshuab (xws li teeb liab amplitude, waveform zoo, theem kev sib raug zoo, nce, input impedance thiab output impedance, thiab lwm yam) ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Yog tias tsim nyog, txuas ntxiv cov kev ntsuas Circuit Court tsis tsim nyog kho.
Lwm cov dej num hauv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob debugging
1. Txiav txim siab xeem cov ntsiab lus:
Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub kaw lus yuav tsum tau hloov kho, cov txheej txheem commissioning thiab ntsuas cov txheej txheem raug teeb tsa, cov ntsiab lus ntsuas tau txiav txim siab, cov haujlwm raug cim rau ntawm cov duab kos thiab cov laug cam, thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau cov ntaub ntawv commissioning.
2. Teem ib qhov debugging workbench:
Lub workbench yog nruab nrog cov cuab yeej debugging uas yuav tsum tau ua, thiab cov khoom siv yuav tsum yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab yooj yim rau kev soj ntsuam. Ceeb toom tshwj xeeb: Thaum ua thiab debugging, nco ntsoov npaj lub workbench kom huv si thiab huv si.
3. Xaiv lub ntsuas ntsuas:
Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas yuav tsum yog qhov ntsuas ntsuas tau xaiv, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntsuas ntsuas yuav tsum zoo dua li qhov system hauv kev sim; rau kev debugging software, microcomputer thiab cov cuab yeej tsim kho yuav tsum tau nruab.
4. Debugging sequence:
Qhov kev debugging ib ntus ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob feem ntau yog ua raws li cov teeb liab khiav kev taw qhia. Lub teeb liab tso zis ntawm qhov kev debugged yav dhau los yog siv los ua cov teeb liab tawm tswv yim ntawm theem tom ntej los tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev hloov kho zaum kawg.
5. Kev ua haujlwm tag nrho:
Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob digital siv los siv cov khoom siv logic programmable, cov tswv yim, kev debugging, thiab rub tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov programmable logic pab kiag li lawm yuav tsum ua kom tiav, thiab cov programmable logic pab kiag li lawm thiab analog circuits yuav tsum tau txuas rau hauv ib qho system rau tag nrho kev debugging thiab cov txiaj ntsig kuaj.
Kev ceev faj hauv Circuit Court debugging
Txawm hais tias qhov kev debugging qhov tseeb yog qhov cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb. Yuav kom lav qhov kev xeem tau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txo qhov kev xeem yuam kev thiab txhim kho qhov kev xeem raug. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, thov ua tib zoo mloog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
1. Siv lub davhlau ya nyob twg hauv av ntawm lub ntsuas ntsuas kom raug. Siv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv av ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob rau kev sim. Lub davhlau ya nyob twg hauv av yuav tsum txuas nrog lub amplifier hauv av kawg. Txwv tsis pub, kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas yuav tsis tsuas yog hloov lub xeev kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tab sis kuj ua rau qhov yuam kev hauv qhov kev xeem. . Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no, thaum debugging lub emitter bias Circuit Court, yog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los ntsuam xyuas Vce, ob kawg ntawm lub ntsuas yuav tsum tsis txhob ncaj qha mus rau lub collector thiab lub emitter, tab sis Vc thiab Ve yuav tsum tau ntsuas raws li nram no, thiab. ces ob Less. Yog tias koj siv lub roj teeb qhuav-powered multimeter rau kev sim, ob lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob yog ntab, yog li koj tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntsuas.
2. Lub input impedance ntawm lub ntsuas siv los ntsuas qhov voltage yuav tsum ntau dua li qhov sib npaug impedance ntawm qhov chaw ntsuas. Yog tias qhov input impedance ntawm qhov ntsuas ntsuas me me, nws yuav ua rau shunt thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas, uas yuav ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev loj rau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas.
3. Lub bandwidth ntawm qhov ntsuas ntsuas yuav tsum siab tshaj qhov bandwidth ntawm Circuit Court nyob rau hauv kev sim.
4. Xaiv cov ntsiab lus xeem kom raug. Thaum tib lub ntsuas ntsuas yog siv rau kev ntsuas, qhov yuam kev tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sab hauv ntawm lub ntsuas yuav txawv heev thaum ntsuas cov ntsiab lus sib txawv.
5. Txoj kev ntsuas yuav tsum yooj yim thiab ua tau. Thaum nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov tam sim no ntawm ib lub voj voog, nws feem ntau tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov voltage es tsis txhob siv tam sim no, vim tias nws tsis tsim nyog los hloov lub Circuit Court thaum ntsuas qhov voltage. Yog tias koj xav paub txog tus nqi tam sim no ntawm ib ceg, koj tuaj yeem tau txais nws los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob hla qhov tsis kam ntawm ceg thiab hloov nws.
6. Thaum lub sij hawm debugging txheej txheem, tsis tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo soj ntsuam thiab ntsuas, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg suav nrog cov xwm txheej sim, pom tshwm sim, ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv, waveforms, thiab theem kev sib raug zoo. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev sib piv ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txhim khu kev qha nrog cov txiaj ntsig theoretical, peb tuaj yeem pom cov teeb meem hauv Circuit Court tsim thiab txhim kho txoj kev npaj tsim.
Teeb meem thaum lub sij hawm debugging
Txhawm rau nrhiav qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov ua txhaum, ua tib zoo tsis txhob tshem cov kab thiab rov nruab nws yog tias qhov txhaum tsis tuaj yeem daws tau. Vim yog tias nws yog ib qho teeb meem hauv txoj cai, txawm tias reinstallation yuav tsis daws qhov teeb meem.
1. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj xyuas txhaum cai
Rau ib tug complex system, nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tau faults nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom thiab circuits. Cov txheej txheem kev kuaj xyuas qhov txhaum yog raws li qhov tshwm sim tsis ua haujlwm, los ntawm kev rov ua dua, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev txiav txim, thiab maj mam nrhiav qhov txhaum.
2. Qhov tshwm sim ua tsis tiav thiab ua rau
● Tej yam tshwm sim tsis ua hauj lwm: Tsis muaj teeb liab input nyob rau hauv lub amplifier Circuit Court, tab sis muaj cov zis waveform. Lub amplifier Circuit Court muaj ib lub teeb liab input tab sis tsis muaj qhov tso zis waveform, los yog lub waveform yog txawv txav. Lub series tswj fais fab mov tsis muaj qhov tso zis hluav taws xob, lossis qhov tso zis hluav taws xob siab dhau los hloov kho,los yog cov zis voltage tswj kev ua tau zoo yog deteriorated, thiab cov zis voltage tsis ruaj khov. Lub oscillating Circuit Court tsistsim oscillation, waveform ntawm lub txee tsis ruaj khov thiab lwm yam.
● Yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis ua hauj lwm: Cov khoom siv stereotyped ua tsis tau tom qab siv sijhawm. Tej zaum nws yuav yog cov khoom puas, luv luv thiab qhib circuits, los yog kev hloov hauv tej yam kev mob.
Txoj kev kuaj xyuas tsis ua haujlwm
1. Kev soj ntsuam ncaj qha:
Xyuas seb qhov kev xaiv thiab kev siv cov cuab yeej puas yog, seb cov qib thiab polarity ntawm lub hwj huam mov voltage raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj; seb cov pins ntawm lub ntsiab lus polar puas tau txuas nrog kom raug, thiab seb puas muaj kev sib txuas tsis raug, tsis muaj kev sib txuas, lossis kev sib tsoo. Txawm hais tias cov kab hluav taws xob tsim nyog; seb cov ntawv luam tawm yog luv luv, seb qhov kev tiv thaiv thiab kev muaj peev xwm raug hlawv thiab tawg. Xyuas seb cov khoom puas yog kub, haus luam yeeb, seb lub transformer puas muaj coke tsw, seb lub filament ntawm lub raj hluav taws xob thiab oscilloscope raj yog nyob rau, thiab seb puas muaj high-voltage ignition.
2. Siv multimeter los xyuas qhov chaw ua haujlwm zoo li qub:
Lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, DC lub xeev ua haujlwm ntawm semiconductor triode, kev sib xyaw ua ke (nrog rau cov khoom, cov pins, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob), thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv kab tuaj yeem ntsuas nrog multimeter. Thaum ntsuas tus nqi sib txawv heev ntawm tus nqi ib txwm, qhov txhaum tuaj yeem pom tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov chaw ua haujlwm zoo li qub tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv oscilloscope "DC" cov tswv yim. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm kev siv oscilloscope yog qhov kev tiv thaiv sab hauv siab, thiab nws tuaj yeem pom DC lub xeev ua haujlwm thiab cov teeb liab waveform ntawm qhov ntsuas ntsuas tib lub sijhawm, nrog rau cov teeb liab cuam tshuam thiab lub suab nrov, uas yog qhov zoo dua. los tshuaj xyuas qhov txhaum.
3.Signal tracking method:
Rau ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov circuits nyuaj, qee qhov amplitude thiab tsim nyog zaus teeb liab tuaj yeem txuas nrog cov tswv yim (piv txwv li, rau ntau theem amplifier, sinusoidal teeb liab ntawm f, 1000 HZ tuaj yeem txuas rau nws cov tswv yim). Los ntawm theem pem hauv ntej mus rau theem tom qab (los yog vice versa), saib cov kev hloov ntawm lub waveform thiab amplitude kauj ruam yog kauj ruam. Yog tias ib kauj ruam twg txawv txav, qhov txhaum yog nyob rau theem ntawd.
4. Txoj kev sib piv:
Thaum muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog, koj tuaj yeem sib piv qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov Circuit Court nrog tib yam tsis muaj (lossis theoretically soj ntsuam tam sim no, voltage, waveform, thiab lwm yam) kom paub qhov txawv txav hauv Circuit Court, thiab tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas. Txiav txim siab qhov ua tsis tiav.
5. Txoj kev hloov qhov chaw:
Qee lub sij hawm qhov txhaum yog zais thiab tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm ib sab. Yog tias koj muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm cov qauv zoo ib yam li cov cuab yeej faulty nyob rau lub sijhawm no, koj tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv, plug-in boards, thiab lwm yam hauv cov twj paj nruag nrog cov khoom sib txuas ntawm qhov ntsuas faulty los pab txhawb kev txo qhov txhaum thiab nrhiav lub hauv paus ntawm qhov txhaum.
6. Txoj kev bypass:
Thaum muaj tus kab mob parasitic oscillation, koj tuaj yeem siv lub capacitor nrog tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb, xaiv qhov chaw kuaj xyuas tsim nyog, thiab txuas lub capacitor ib ntus ntawm qhov chaw kuaj xyuas thiab qhov chaw siv hauv av. Yog hais tias lub oscillation ploj mus, nws qhia tau hais tias lub oscillation yog generated nyob ze ntawm no los yog yav dhau los theem nyob rau hauv Circuit Court. Tsis tas li ntawd tom qab, txav lub chaw kuaj xyuas kom pom nws. Lub bypass capacitor yuav tsum tsim nyog thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dhau, tsuav nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov teeb meem tsis zoo.
7. Txoj kev luv luv Circuit Court:
Yog coj ib feem luv luv ntawm Circuit Court mus nrhiav qhov txhaum. Txoj kev luv-circuit yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj xyuas qhov qhib-circuit faults. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (circuit) tsis tuaj yeem raug luv luv.
8. Disconnect txoj kev:
Txoj kev qhib Circuit Court yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj xyuas luv luv Circuit Court txhaum. Txoj kev txiav tawm kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev maj mam txo qis qhov xav tias qhov tsis ua tiav. Piv txwv li, vim hais tias ib tug tswj fais fab mov txuas nrog ib tug Circuit Court nrog ib tug txhaum thiab cov zis tam sim no loj heev, peb siv ib txoj kev ntawm disconnecting ib ceg ntawm lub Circuit Court nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xyuas qhov txhaum. Yog tias qhov tam sim no rov qab mus rau qhov qub tom qab cov ceg raug txiav, qhov txhaum tshwm sim hauv ceg no.