Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau, cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev.
1. Cov yam ntxwv kub ntawm optical fiber
Kev poob ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, thiab qhov attenuation coefficient ntawm optical fiber yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau, uas yog, nws tau nce los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau. qhov kub thiab txias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam kub tsawg. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom cov attenuation coefficient ntawm optical fiber ntau yog qhov microbending poob thiab khoov poob ntawm fiber ntau optical.
Qhov microbending poob ntawm cov fiber ntau vim qhov kub thiab txias yog tshwm sim los ntawm thermal expansion thiab contraction. Nws yog paub nyob rau hauv physics hais tias lub thermal expansion coefficient ntawm silicon dioxide (SiO2) constituting lub optical fiber yog heev me me, thiab nws hardly shrinks thaum kub txo. Cov fiber ntau optical yuav tsum tau coated thiab ntxiv nrog rau lwm yam khoom thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem. Lub expansion coefficient ntawm cov khoom txheej thiab lwm yam khoom yog loj. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, qhov shrinkage yog qhov hnyav dua. Yog li ntawd, thaum qhov kub hloov pauv, qhov nthuav dav coefficient ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. , Yuav ua rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag khoov me ntsis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam kub.
Qhov nkhaus ntawm qhov poob ntxiv ntawm cov fiber ntau thiab qhov kub thiab txias yog qhia hauv daim duab. Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, qhov poob ntawm fiber ntau maj mam nce. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias poob mus txog -55 ° C, qhov poob ntxiv yuav nce sharply.
Yog li ntawd, thaum tsim ib qho kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag fiber ntau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xav txog qhov ntsuas kub thiab qis qis ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag los xyuas seb qhov poob ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag puas tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov ntsuas.
2. Mechanical yam ntxwv ntawm optical fiber
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis tawg hauv cov ntawv thov thiab muaj kev ntseeg tau ntev ntev thaum siv ntau qhov chaw, nws yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev siv zog.
Raws li paub rau txhua tus, cov khoom siv uas tsim cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tam sim no yog SiO2, uas yuav tsum tau kos rau hauv 125 μm filaments. Thaum lub sij hawm kev kos duab, lub zog tensile ntawm optical fiber yog hais txog 10 ~ 20kg / mm². Lub zog tuaj yeem ncav cuag 400kg / mm². Cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua yam peb xav tham feem ntau yog hais txog lub zog thiab lub neej ntawm cov fiber ntau.
Lub zog ntawm optical fiber ntawm no hais txog lub zog tensile. Thaum cov fiber ntau raug nruj dua li nws tuaj yeem tiv taus, fiber ntau yuav tawg.
Raws li rau lub zog tawg ntawm optical fiber, nws muaj feem xyuam rau lub thickness ntawm txheej txheej. Thaum lub thickness ntawm txheej yog 5 ~ 10μm, lub zog tawg yog 330kg / mm², thiab thaum lub thickness ntawm txheej yog 100μm, nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 530kg / mm².
Qhov ua rau ntawm fiber ntau tawg yog vim qhov tsis xws ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub preform nws tus kheej thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm optical fiber. Thaum qhov nro tau txais, qhov kev ntxhov siab yog concentrated ntawm qhov tsis zoo. Thaum qhov nro tshaj ib qho kev sib tw, cov fiber ntau tawg.
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov fiber ntau kho qhov muag tuaj yeem muaj kev pabcuam lub neej ntau dua 20 xyoo, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag yuav tsum raug kuaj xyuas lub zog. Tsuas yog cov fibers kho qhov muag uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj tuaj yeem siv rau cable.
Cov kev xav tau ntawm fiber ntau lub zog nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj.
Optical fiber tso cai hom muaj xws li:
(1) lub zog ntawm cov fiber ntau optical thaum txuas;
(2) Cov kab mob ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshwm sim los ntawm qee yam thaum tso cov kab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag;
(3) Cov kab mob ntawm qhov muag fiber ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm kub.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws, thaum lub tensile hom ntawm optical fiber yog 0.5%, nws lub neej tuaj yeem ncav cuag 20 txog 40 xyoo.
