Antennas na-atụgharị akara eletriki na-ebufe site na ngwaọrụ ka ọ bụrụ ebili mmiri electromagnetic maka nnyefe. N'ozuzu, antennas nwere ọrụ nke ịnyefe na ịnata, ma n'ọnọdụ pụrụ iche, ha na-arụ ọrụ nke ịnata. (dị ka antenna mgbasa ozi)
Nkọwa nke antenna bụ ngwaọrụ nwere ike ịgbanye ebili mmiri electromagnetic n'ụzọ dị irè n'otu akụkụ nke oghere ma ọ bụ nata ebili mmiri electromagnetic n'otu akụkụ nke oghere.
Ọrụ nke antenna bụ ịnyefe ma ọ bụ nata ebili mmiri electromagnetic, ebe ọ nwekwara ọrụ ndị a bụ isi:
1. Antenna kwesịrị inwe ike ịtụgharị ike ebili mmiri na-eduzi dị ka o kwere mee ka ọ bụrụ ike ikuku electromagnetic. Nke mbụ chọrọ antenna ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo oghere oghere electromagnetic, nke abụọ chọrọ antenna ka o kwekọọ na nnyefe ma ọ bụ nnata.
2. antenna kwesịrị itinye uche na ebili mmiri electromagnetic dị ka o kwere mee na ntụziaka ụfọdụ, ma ọ bụ mee ka nnabata nke ebili mmiri na-abata n'otu ntụziaka, ya bụ, ntụziaka kwesịrị inwe ntụziaka.
3. Antenna kwesịrị inwe ike ibunye ma ọ bụ nata ebili mmiri elektrọnik na polarization akọwapụtara, ya bụ, antenna nwere polarization kwesịrị ekwesị.
4. Antenna kwesịrị inwe eriri ugboro na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke.
Ụkpụrụ nke antenna: antenna na-ebufe ebili mmiri electromagnetic, yana ụkpụrụ nke ọgbọ electromagnetic:
Dị ka echiche Maxwell electromagnetic field theory si kwuo, ọkụ eletrik na-agbanwe agbanwe na-eme ka oghere magnetik na-agbanwe na mbara ala gbara ya gburugburu, ebe magnetik na-agbanwekwa na-emepụta ebe eletrik na-agbanwe agbanwe. N'ụzọ dị otu a, ọkụ eletrik na-agbanwe agbanwe na oghere magnetik na-agbanwe agbanwe na-adabere n'otu n'otu, na-enwe mmasị n'otu n'otu, na-emepụta ọzọ, na-agbasapụ na mbara igwe n'otu oge site na nso ruo n'ebe dị anya.
Ngwaahịa anyị kacha ere na-ekpuchi ụdị dị iche icheONUngwaahịa usoro, gụnyere ACONU/ nzikọrịta oziONU/ nwere ọgụgụ isiONU/igbeONU, wdg niile nkeONUEnwere ike iji ngwaahịa usoro maka mkpa netwọkụ n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche.
