Netwọk ekwentị ọdịnala bụ olu site na mgbanwe sekit, brọdband nnyefe achọrọ nke 64kbit/s. Ihe a na-akpọ VoIP bụ netwọọdụ mgbanwe IP ngwugwu dị ka ikpo okwu nnyefe, mgbako mgbama olu simulated, nkwakọ ngwaahịa na usoro nhazi pụrụ iche, ka o wee nwee ike iji usoro UDP na-enweghị njikọ maka nnyefe.
A chọrọ ọtụtụ ihe na ọrụ iji nyefee mgbaama olu na netwọk IP. Ụdị netwọk kachasị mfe bụ ngwaọrụ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa nwere ike VoIP nke ejikọrọ site na netwọk IP.
1.Voice-Data mgbanwe
Mgbama olu bụ ụdị ebili mmiri analọgụ, site na IP na-ebunye olu, ma azụmaahịa ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ azụmaahịa ngwa ngwa, buru ụzọ tụgharịa mgbanwe data analog mgbama olu, ya bụ mgbama olu analọgụ 8 ma ọ bụ 6, wee ziga ya na nchekwa nchekwa. , Enwere ike ịhọrọ nha nke ihe nchekwa dịka ihe achọrọ nke igbu oge na nzuzo. A na-edoba ọtụtụ ihe nrịbama ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala n'ime okpokolo agba.
Ogologo etiti a na-ahụkarị sitere na 10 ruo 30 ms. N'ịtụle ụgwọ ọrụ n'oge nnyefe, ngwugwu interlingual na-enwekarị 60, 120, ma ọ bụ 240ms nke data okwu. Enwere ike imejuputa digitization site na iji atụmatụ nzuzo olu dị iche iche, na ụkpụrụ ntinye ụda olu ugbu a bụ tumadi ITU-T G.711. Ihe ngbanwe olu dị na ebe ebe a na-aga ga-emerịrị otu algọridim ka ngwaọrụ okwu na ebe ebe a na-aga nwere ike weghachi mgbama okwu analog.
2.Original data-na-IP ntụgharị
Ozugbo etinyere akara ngosi okwu n'usoro dijitalụ, nzọụkwụ na-esote bụ ijikọ ogologo ogologo ogologo okwu n'ime koodu. Ọtụtụ n'ime koodu ntinye nwere ogologo etiti a kapịrị ọnụ. Ọ bụrụ na ihe ngbanwe na-eji okpokolo agba 15ms, a na-ekewa ngwungwu 60ms site na mbụ ka ọ bụrụ okpomoku anọ ma tinye ya n'usoro. Eku ọ bụla nwere ihe nlele okwu 120 (ọnụego nlele nke 8kHz). Mgbe itinye koodu, okpokolo agba anọ ahụ abịakọrọ ka ahazikọtara ka ọ bụrụ ngwungwu okwu abịakọrọ wee ziga na nhazi netwọkụ. Ihe nhazi netwọk na-agbakwụnye Baotou, ọnụ ọgụgụ oge, na ozi ndị ọzọ na olu ma nyefee ya na njedebe nke ọzọ site na netwọk.
Netwọk okwu na-eme ka njikọ anụ ahụ dị n'etiti njedebe nkwurịta okwu (otu ahịrị) ma na-ebufe akara ngosi n'etiti ebe njedebe. N'adịghị ka netwọk mgbanwe sekit, netwọk IP anaghị emepụta njikọ. Ọ na-achọ ka etinye data n'ime akụkọ ma ọ bụ ngwugwu data ogologo agbanwe agbanwe, wee ziga ozi na njikwa na datagram ọ bụla wee ziga na netwọkụ, zigara ya ebe.
3. Nyefee
Na ọwa a, a na-ele netwọkụ niile anya dị ka ngwugwu olu enwetara site na ntinye wee bufee ya na mmepụta netwọk n'ime oge ụfọdụ (t). T nwere ike ịdịgasị iche na oke zuru oke, na-egosipụta jitter na nnyefe netwọkụ.
Otu ọnụ na netwọk ahụ na-enyocha ozi adreesị metụtara na data IP ọ bụla ma jiri ozi a bufee datagram ahụ na nkwụsị na-esote n'okporo ụzọ aga. Njikọ netwọkụ nwere ike ịbụ topology ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ụzọ nnweta na-akwado iyi data IP.
4.Ngwungwu IP - mgbanwe nke data
Ngwaọrụ VoIP na-aga na-enweta data IP a wee malite nhazi. Ọkwa netwọk ahụ na-enye ihe nchekwa ogologo agbanwe agbanwe ejiri na-ahazi jitter nke netwọk ahụ mepụtara. Ihe nchekwa ahụ nwere ike ịnabata ọtụtụ ngwugwu olu, ndị ọrụ nwere ike họrọ nha nke ihe nchekwa ahụ. Obere nchekwa na-emepụta obere latency, mana anaghị ahazi nnukwu jitter. Nke abụọ, ihe ngbanwe ahụ na-ewepụ ngwugwu okwu edobere iji mepụta ngwungwu okwu ọhụrụ, modul a nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ site na etiti, otu ogologo ogologo dị ka ihe ngbanwe.
Ọ bụrụ na ogologo etiti ahụ bụ 15ms, a na-ekewa ngwungwu olu 60ms ka ọ bụrụ okpomoku 4, emesia a ga-emezigharị ha na mgbaba data olu 60ms wee ziga na nchekwa ngbanwe. N'oge nhazi nke akụkọ data ahụ, a na-ewepụ ozi adreesị na njikwa, na-edobe data mbụ nke mbụ, na-enyezi data mbụ a na decoder.
5.Digital okwu gbanwere okwu analọg
Mbanye egwuri egwu na-ewepụ ihe nlele olu (480) na nchekwa ma ziga ha na kaadị ụda site na ọkà okwu na oge a kara aka (dịka 8kHz). Na nkenke, nnyefe nke mgbaàmà olu na netwọk IP na-aga site na ntughari site na mgbaàmà analog gaa na mgbaàmà dijitalụ, nkwakọ ngwaahịa dijitalụ n'ime ngwugwu IP, nnyefe IP site na netwọk, ngwugwu IP na mweghachi nke olu dijitalụ na analog. mgbaàmà.
Nke abụọ, ụkpụrụ teknụzụ metụtara VoIP
Maka ngwa mgbasa ozi dị na netwọkụ nkwukọrịta dị ugbu a, International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) ewepụtala usoro nkwurịta okwu H.32x Multimedia, ụkpụrụ ndị a bụ isi maka nkọwa dị mfe:
H.320, Standard maka multimedia nkwurịta okwu na narrowband video ekwentị usoro na ọnụ (N-ISDN);
H.321, Standard maka mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na B-ISDN;
H.322. Ọkọlọtọ maka nzikọrịta ozi mgbasa ozi na LAN nke QoS na-ekwe nkwa;
H.323. Ọkọlọtọ maka nzikọrịta ozi mgbasa ozi na netwọk ngbanwe nke ngwugwu na-enweghị nkwa QoS;
H.324, ọkọlọtọ maka nkwurịta okwu multimedia na ọnụ ala nkwurịta okwu ọnụ ala (PSTN na netwọk ikuku).
N'ime ụkpụrụ ndị dị n'elu, H. The 323 Standard-defined networks bụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe, dị ka Ethernet, Token Network, FDDI Network, wdg n'ihi na H. Ngwa nke 323 ọkọlọtọ aghọwo ihe na-ekpo ọkụ n'ahịa. Ya mere, n'okpuru anyị ga-elekwasị anya na H.323.H.323 A na-akọwa akụkụ anọ bụ isi na atụmatụ ahụ: ọnụ, ọnụ ụzọ ámá, ngwanrọ njikwa ọnụ ụzọ (nke a makwaara dị ka ọnụ ụzọ ámá ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá), na multi-point control unit.
1.Terminal (Terminal)
Ọnụ ọnụ niile ga-akwado nzikọrịta ozi olu, yana ike nzirịta ozi vidiyo na data bụ nhọrọ.all H.The 323 terminal ga-akwadokwa H.245 Standard, H.245 A na-eji ọkọlọtọ iji chịkwaa ojiji ọwa na arụmọrụ ọwa.H. .323 The isi parameters nke okwu codec na olu nkwurịta okwu na-kpọmkwem dị ka ndị a: ITU akwadoro bandwit olu / KHz nnyefe bit ọnụego / Kb/s mkpakọ algọridim nkọwa G.711 3.4 56,64 PCM mfe mkpakọ, etinyere na PSTN na G. .728 3.4 16 LD-CELP àgwà olu dị ka G.711, dị ka etinyere na obere-bit-obere nnyefe G.722 7 48,56,64 ADPCM olu àgwà dị elu karịa G.711, etinyere na elu bit ọnụego nnyefe G. .723.1G.723.0 3.4 6.35.3 LP-MLQ Ogo olu dị mma, G.723.1 Nabata G maka ọgbakọ VOIP.729G.729A 3.4 8 CS-ACELP igbu oge dị ala karịa G.723.1, ogo olu dị elu karịa nke ahụ. G.723.1.
2. Ọnụ ụzọ ámá (ọnụ ụzọ ámá)
Nke a bụ H.An nhọrọ maka usoro 323. Ọnụ ụzọ ámá nwere ike gbanwee usoro iwu, ọdịyo, video codeing algọridim na akara akara akara nke usoro dị iche iche na-eji nabata usoro nkwurịta okwu ọnụ. Dị ka PSTN dabeere na H.324 System na warara band. ISDN dabeere na H.The 320 System na H.323 N'ihi na usoro nkwurịta okwu, ọ dị mkpa iji hazie ọnụ ụzọ ámá;
3. Nchekwa ndị ahịa (Onye nche ọnụ ụzọ)
Nke a bụ H.Akụkụ nhọrọ nke usoro 323 bụ ngwanrọ iji mezue ọrụ nchịkwa. Ọ nwere ọrụ abụọ bụ isi: nke mbụ bụ na njikwa ngwa H.323; nke abụọ bụ njikwa nke nkwurịta okwu ọnụ site na ọnụ ụzọ ámá (dịka nhazi oku, iwepụ, wdg) .Ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịme ngbanwe adreesị, njikwa bandwidth, nkwenye oku, ndekọ oku, ndebanye aha onye ọrụ, njikwa ngalaba nkwurịta okwu na ọrụ ndị ọzọ site na omenala. keeping.one H.323 Ngalaba nzikọrịta ozi nwere ike inwe ọtụtụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá, mana naanị otu ọnụ ụzọ ámá na-arụ ọrụ.
4.Multipoint njikwa unit (Multipoint Control Unit)
The MCU na-enyere multi-point nkwurịta okwu na ihe netwọk IP, na n'ókè-na-ekwu nkwurịta okwu na-adịghị chọrọ.The dum usoro na-etolite a star topology site MCU.The MCU nwere ihe abụọ isi components: multipoint njikwa MC na multipoint processor MP, ma ọ bụ. na-enweghị MP.H n'etiti MC nhazi ọnụ.245 Ozi njikwa iji wuo obere aha ọha maka nhazi ọdịyo na vidiyo.MC anaghị ahazi ozi mgbasa ozi ọ bụla ozugbo, kama ọ na-ahapụ ya na MP. MP na-agwakọta, gbanwee, na nhazi ọdịyo ahụ. , vidiyo, ma ọ bụ ozi data.
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, e nwere ụlọ ọrụ abụọ yiri ya, otu bụ ITU-T H ewepụtara n'elu.323 Protocol bụ SIP protocol (RFC2543) nke Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) kwadoro, na SIP protocol dabara adaba maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọgụgụ isi.
Nke atọ, mkpali maka mmepe VoIP
Ojiji VoIP juru ebe niile ga-eme ngwa ngwa n'ihi ọtụtụ ngwaike, ngwanrọ, mmepe metụtara na teknụzụ teknụzụ na ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ. Ọganihu teknụzụ na mmepe na mpaghara ndị a na-ekere òkè na-anya ụgbọ ala n'ịmepụta netwọọdụ VoIP na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-arụ ọrụ na mmekọrịta. Ihe teknuzu na-akwalite mmepe ngwa ngwa na ọbụna ngwa ngwa nke VoIP nwere ike ịchịkọta n'ime akụkụ ndị a.
1.Digital Signal Processor
Advanced digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP) na-arụ ihe mgbako-kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mmiri chọrọ maka olu na data integration.DSP usoro dijitalụ n'ókè bụ isi ịrụ mgbagwoju mgbako nke nwere ike ma ọ bụghị ga-rụrụ site a eluigwe na ala CPU.The Nchikota nke ha pụrụ iche. ike nhazi na ọnụ ala dị ala na-eme ka DSP dị mma iji rụọ ọrụ nhazi mgbaàmà na usoro VoIP.
Otu iyi ụda olu na G.729 Ọnụ ego mgbako nke mkpakọ olu na-abụkarị nnukwu, na-achọ 20MIPS. Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ CPU etiti ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ntụgharị na njikwa sistemu mgbe ị na-ahazi ọtụtụ iyi iyi, nke a abụghị eziokwu. Ya mere, iji otu ma ọ bụ karịa DSP nwere ike iwepụ ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ nke mgbagwoju olu mgbagwoju anya algọridim site na Central CPU. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, DSP kwesịrị ekwesị maka nchọpụta ọrụ olu na nkwụsị nke ụda olu, na-enye ha ohere ịhazi iyi data olu na ozugbo na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa. na ebe nchekwa, ya mere.Na ngalaba a, anyị na-akọwa otú e si mejuputa olu nzuzo na echo kagbuo na TMS320C6201DSP ikpo okwu.
Protocol na ọkọlọtọ software na ngwaike H.323 Ụzọ kwụ n'ahịrị ziri ezi DSP MPLS mkpado mgbanwe arọ random mmalite nchọpụta elu ASIC RTP, RTCP dual funnel izugbe cell ọnụego algọridim DWDM RSVP gosiri ohere ngwa ngwa ọnụego SONET Diffserv, CAR Cisco ngwa ngwa ebugharị CPU ike nhazi G. 729, G.729a: CS-ACELP Mgbatị Nweta Tebụl ADSL, RADSL, SDSL FRF.11/FRF.12 Token barrel algọridim Multilink PPP Frame Relay Data rectifier SIP dabere na ntinye mbụ nke ngwugwu CoS n'elu SONET IP na ATM QoS / CoS
2.Advanced raara onwe ya nye integrated sekit
Ngwa-Specific Integrated Circait (ASIC) mmepe ewepụtala ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa, dị mgbagwoju anya na arụ ọrụ ASIC.ASIC bụ mgbawa ngwa pụrụ iche nke na-arụ otu ngwa ma ọ bụ obere ọrụ nke na-arụ ọrụ. enwere ike ịhazi ha nke ukwuu maka ọrụ ụfọdụ, na-ejikarị CPU nwere ebumnuche abụọ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ iwu nke ịdị ukwuu ngwa ngwa.
Dị nnọọ ka Thin Instruction set Computer (RSIC) mgbawa na-elekwasị anya na ngwa ngwa na-egbu ọnụ ọgụgụ njedebe, ASIC na-eme atụmatụ iji rụọ ọrụ ole na ole ngwa ngwa. maka ngwaọrụ netwọk gụnyererawụtana switches, na-arụ ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka nhazigharị tebụl ịlele, nhazi nke otu, nhazi otu na ịlele, na queuing. Iji ASIC na-enye ngwaọrụ ahụ arụmọrụ dị elu na obere ọnụ ahịa. Ha na-enye ụbara brọdband na nkwado QoS ka mma maka netwọk, ya mere ha na-egwu egwu. oke ọrụ n'ịkwalite mmepe VoIP.
3.IP teknụzụ mgbasa ozi
Imirikiti netwọkụ ekwentị mgbasa ozi na-eji multiplexing nkewa oge, ebe ịntanetị ga-enwerịrị ojiji ọnụọgụgụ na mgbanwe ogologo ngwugwu. N'iji ya tụnyere, nke ikpeazụ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ntinye ego nke netwọkụ netwọkụ, njikọ dị mfe ma dị irè, ma dị irè maka ọrụ data, nke bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa maka mmepe ngwa ngwa nke Ịntanetị. Otú ọ dị, nkwurịta okwu netwọk IP brọdband chọrọ QoS na njirimara igbu oge. N'ihi ya, mmepe nke statistical multiplexing ngwugwu mgbanwe dọtara nchegbu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na mgbakwunye na ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke IP protocol-IPV6, World Internet engineering task group (IETF) tụrụ aro multi-protocol tag Exchange technology (MPLS), nke a. bụ ụdị nhọrọ oyi akwa netwọkụ dabere na mkpado / mgbanwe akara dị iche iche, nwere ike melite mgbanwe nke nhọrọ okporo ụzọ, gbasaa ikike nhọrọ oyi akwa netwọkụ, mee ka ọ dị mfe.rawụtana ọwa mgbanwe mwekota, melite netwọk arụmọrụ.MPLS nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nọọrọ onwe routing protocol, na dakọtara na netwọk routing protocol, na-akwado dị iche iche ọrụ, njikwa na mmezi ọrụ nke netwọk IP, na-eme ka QoS, routing, akara arụmọrụ ka mma nke ukwuu, iru ma ọ bụ nso n'ọkwa nke statistical reeji ofo ogologo ngwugwu mgbanwe (ATM), na mfe, ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, ọnụ ala na ọdabara karịa ATM.
IETF na-ejikwa mpaghara aghọta nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ nke otu, iji nweta ụzọ QoS ụzọ nhọrọ. A na-amụ "teknụzụ ọwara" iji nweta mgbasa ozi brọdband nke njikọ otu ụzọ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, otu esi ahọrọ ikpo okwu ntanetị IP bụ bụkwa ihe. mpaghara dị mkpa nke nyocha na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na IP n'elu ATM, IP n'elu SDH, IP karịa DWDM na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ apụtawo n'usoro.
Ngwunye IP na-enye ndị ọrụ IP ọrụ ọrụ ịnweta IP dị elu na ụfọdụ nkwa ọrụ. Onye ọrụ oyi akwa na-enye ụdị ohere (IP access na brọdband ohere) na ụdị ọdịnaya ọrụ.Na isi oyi akwa, Ethernet, dị ka oyi akwa anụ ahụ. netwọk IP, bụ ihe n'ezie, ma IP overDWDM nwere nkà na ụzụ kachasị ọhụrụ, ma nwee nnukwu ikike maka mmepe.
Dense Wave Division MultipLexing (DWDM) injects ndụ ọhụrụ n'ime eriri netwọk na-enye ịtụnanya bandwit na telecom ụlọ ọrụ ayak ọhụrụ eriri backbone.DWDM technology utilizes ike nke ngwa anya emep uta eri na elu ngwa anya nnyefe equipment.The aha ife nkewa multiplexing na-ewepụtara n'ihi na-ebufe multiplexing. Ogologo ebili mmiri nke ìhè (LASER) site na otu iyi nke fiber optic. Usoro nke ugbu a nwere ike izipu ma mata 16 wavelengths, ebe usoro n'ọdịnihu nwere ike ịkwado 40 ruo 96 zuru oke nke ogologo oge. Nke a dị ịrịba ama n'ihi na ọ bụla ọzọ na-agba ọsọ na-agbakwụnye ozi ọzọ. ya mere gbasaa netwọk 2.6 Gbit/s (OC-48) site na ugboro iri na isii na-enweghị ịdọrọ eriri ọhụrụ.
Ọtụtụ netwọk eriri ọhụrụ na-agba ọsọ OC-192 na (9.6 Gbit / s), na-emepụta ikike karịrị 150 Gbit / s na ụzọ abụọ nke eriri mgbe ejikọtara ya na DWDM. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, DWDM na-enye protocol interface na njirimara ndị na-adabere na ọsọ ọsọ, ma na-akwado ma ATM. , SDH na Gigabit Ethernet nnyefe mgbaàmà na otu eriri, nke nwere ike dakọtara na netwọk ndị dị ugbu a, ya mere DWDM nwere ike ichebe ihe onwunwe dị ugbu a, ma na-enyekwa ISP na ụlọ ọrụ telecom na ọkpụkpụ azụ siri ike, na-eme ka brọdband ghara ịdị ọnụ na ịnweta ohere, nke na-enye. nkwado siri ike maka bandwidth chọrọ nke ngwọta VoIP.
Ọnụego mgbasawanye na-abawanye nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị na-enye pipeline dị egwu na obere ohere igbochi, kamakwa belata oge igbu oge site na nke ukwuu, ya mere ọ nwere ike belata ihe QoS chọrọ na netwọk IP.
4.Broadband ohere teknụzụ
Ịnweta onye ọrụ nke netwọk IP aghọwo ihe mgbochi na-egbochi mmepe nke netwọk ahụ dum. N'ime ogologo oge, ihe mgbaru ọsọ kasịnụ nke ịnweta onye ọrụ bụ fiber-to-home (FTTH) .N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, netwọk ohere anya na-agụnye ngwa anya dijitalụ loop ụgbọelu usoro. na passive ngwa anya netwọk.Nke mbụ bụ tumadi na United States, jikọtara na-emeghe ọnụ V5.1/V5.2, na-ebunye ya integrated usoro on ngwa anya eriri, na-egosi oké vitality.
Nke ikpeazụ bụ tumadi n'usoro na na Germany.N'ihi na ihe karịrị afọ iri, Japan ewerewo a usoro nke jikoro iji belata na-eri nke passive ngwa anya netwọk ka a larịị yiri ọla kọpa cables na metal gbagọrọ agbagọ ụzọ, na-eji ya na-eji.Especially. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ITU atụpụtala ATM-based passive optical network (APON), nke na-emeju uru nke ATM na netwọk anya na-agafe agafe. Ọnụ ego ịnweta nwere ike iru 622 M bit / s, nke bara uru nke ukwuu maka mmepe nke brọdband IP multimedia ọrụ, ma nwee ike ibelata ọdịda ọdịda na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnụ ọnụ, ma gbasaa mkpuchi. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ITU emechaala ọrụ nhazi nhazi. , Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-emepe emepe, a ga-enwe ngwongwo na ahịa, ga-abụ isi mmepe ntụziaka nke teknụzụ ịnweta brọdband maka narị afọ nke 21.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, teknụzụ ndị bụ isi na-enweta bụ: PSTN, IADN, ADSL, CM, DDN, X.25 na Ethernet na kọlụm usoro ịnweta ikuku ikuku, wdg. Teknụzụ ohere ndị a nwere njirimara nke ha, gụnyere ADSL na CM kachasị na-emepe emepe; CM (Cable Modem) na-eji eriri coaxial, ọnụego nnyefe dị elu, ike mgbochi nnyonye anya siri ike; mana ọ bụghị nnyefe ụzọ abụọ, enweghị ọkọlọtọ otu. ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Loop) nwere ohere pụrụ iche na brọdband, na-eji netwọk ekwentị dị adị na-enye ọnụego mgbasa ozi asymmetric. Ọnụego nbudata n'akụkụ onye ọrụ nwere ike iru 8 Mbit / s, ọnụego bulite n'akụkụ onye ọrụ nwere ike iru 1M bit / s.ADSL na-enye brọdband dị mkpa maka azụmaahịa na ndị ọrụ niile, ma na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nke ukwuu. Iji ADSL dị ọnụ ala. sekit mpaghara, ụlọ ọrụ ugbu a na-enweta ịntanetị na VPN dabere na ịntanetị na oke ọsọ, na-enye ohere ịkpọ oku VoIP dị elu.
5.Central nhazi teknụzụ
Central nhazi nkeji (CPU) na-aga n'ihu na-evolve na ọrụ, ike, na speed.This na-enyere zuru ebe nile ngwa nke multimedia PC na mma na arụmọrụ nke usoro ọrụ ejedebere site CPU power.The PC ike hazie iyi ọdịyo na video data ogologo a na-echere. site n'aka ndị ọrụ, ya mere ịnapụta oku olu na netwọk data bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ na-esote. Nke a na-arụ ọrụ kọmputa na-enyere ma ngwa multimedia ngwa desktọọpụ dị elu na njirimara dị elu na mpaghara netwọk iji kwado ngwa olu.