"Network" abụrụla "ihe dị mkpa" maka ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ n'oge a.
Ihe kpatara na oge netwọk dị otú ahụ dị mma nwere ike ịbịa, "teknụzụ nkwurịta okwu fiber-optic" nwere ike ịsị dị mkpa.
Na 1966, British Chinese sorghum tụrụ aro echiche nke eriri anya, bụ nke kpalitere njedebe nke ịmepụta nkwurịta okwu ngwa anya n'ụwa nile. Ọgbọ mbụ nke usoro ọkụ ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na 0.8 μm na 1978 ka etinyere n'ọrụ azụmahịa, na ọgbọ nke abụọ nke ìhè ọkụ. usoro nkwurịta okwu na-eji multimode fiber n'oge mbụ ewebata ngwa ngwa na mmalite 1980. Site na 1990, usoro nke anya nke atọ nke na-arụ ọrụ na 2.4 Gb / s na 1.55 μm nwere ike ịnye ọrụ nkwurịta okwu azụmahịa.
"Nna nke eriri" sorghum, onye nyere onyinye na-emepe emepe na "nfefe ọkụ na eriri maka nkwurịta okwu anya," enwetara 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Nzikọrịta eriri anya aghọwo otu n'ime isi ogidi nke nzikọrịta ozi ọgbara ọhụrụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na netwọk mgbasa ozi ọgbara ọhụrụ. A na-ahụkwa ya dị ka ihe nnọchianya dị mkpa nke mgbanwe nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ nke ụwa na ụzọ isi nyefee ozi na ọha mmadụ ozi n'ọdịnihu.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ahịa ngwa nke nnukwu data, igwe igwe ojii, 5G, ịntanetị nke ihe na ọgụgụ isi emela ngwa ngwa. Ahịa ngwa na-enweghị mmadụ nke na-abịa na-eweta ọganihu mgbawa na data data. Njikọ njikọ data center ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ nyocha nkwurịta okwu anya. ebe na-ekpo ọkụ.
N'ime nnukwu ebe data Google
Ebe data dị ugbu a abụghị naanị otu ọnụ ụlọ kọmputa ma ọ bụ ole na ole, kama ọ bụ nchịkọta nke ụyọkọ data center. Iji nweta ọrụ nkịtị nke ọrụ ịntanetị dị iche iche na ahịa ngwa, ụlọ ọrụ data kwesịrị ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ. na nnukwu mkparịta ụka nke ozi dị n'etiti ebe data ewepụtala ọchịchọ maka netwọk njikọ njikọ data center, na nkwurịta okwu fiber optical aghọwo ụzọ dị mkpa iji nweta njikọ.
N'adịghị ka omenala telecom ohere netwọk nnyefe akụrụngwa, data center interconnection kwesịrị iji nweta ozi ndị ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ok nnyefe, nke na-achọ ịmafe akụrụngwa nwere elu ọsọ, ala ike oriri, na ndị ọzọ miniaturization.One nke isi ihe na-ekpebi ma ndị a ike nwere ike ịbụ. enwetara bụ modul transceiver anya.
Ụfọdụ ihe ọmụma bụ isi gbasara modul transceiver anya
Netwọk ozi na-ejikarị eriri anya eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ebufe ya, mana ngụkọ na nyocha dị ugbu a ga-adaberekwa na akara eletriki, na modul transceiver optical bụ isi ngwaọrụ maka ịghọta ngbanwe fotoelectric.
Ihe ndị bụ isi nke modul ngwa anya bụ Transimitter (Light Emitting Submodule) / Nnata (Light Receiving Submodule) ma ọ bụ Transceiver (Module Transceiver Optical), mgbawa eletriki, yana gụnyekwara ihe ndị na-agafe agafe dị ka lenses, splitters, na mixers. Mkpebi sekit mejupụtara.
Na njedebe na-ebufe: a na-agbanwe akara ọkụ eletrik ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi anya site na Transimitter, wee tinye ya na eriri anya site na nkwụnye ihe nkwụnye anya; Na njedebe nnata: akara ngosi anya na eriri anya na-enweta site na onye na-anata site na nkwụnye anya. ma gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ akara ọkụ eletrik ma zigara ya na kọmpụta maka nhazi.
schematic modul transceiver anya
Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ ntinye optoelectronic, ụdị nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke modul transceiver optical enweela mgbanwe ụfọdụ. Tupu e guzobe ụlọ ọrụ modul ngwa anya, ndị isi na-emepụta akụrụngwa telecom mepụtara ya n'oge mbụ. Oghere ndị ahụ dị iche iche na enweghị ike iji ya mee ihe n'ụwa niile. Nke a mere ka modul transceiver optical ghara ịgbanwe agbanwe. Maka mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, "Agreement Multi Source Agreement (MSA)" ikpeazụ bịara. Site na ọkọlọtọ MSA, ụlọ ọrụ ndị lekwasịrị anya n'onwe ha na mmepe Transceiver malitere ịpụta, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wee bilie.
Enwere ike kewaa modul transceiver ngwa anya n'ime SFP, XFP, QSFP, CFP, wdg dịka ngwugwu ngwugwu:
· SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) bụ kọmpat, pluggable transceiver modul ọkọlọtọ maka telecom na datacom ngwa na-akwado ruo 10Gbps ọnụego mbufe.
XFP (10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable) bụ 10G-ọnụego obere ụdị ihe na-akpata pluggable transceiver modul nke na-akwado ọtụtụ usoro nkwukọrịta dị ka 10G Ethernet, 10G Fiber Channel, na SONETOC-192.XFP transceivers nwere ike iji na nkwukọrịta data na ahịa nkwukọrịta ma na-enye njirimara oriri ike ka mma karịa ndị ọzọ transceivers 10Gbps.
QSFP (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable) bụ kọmpat, ọkọlọtọ transceiver pluggable maka ngwa nzikọrịta ozi data dị elu. Dị ka ọsọ si dị, QSFP nwere ike kewaa n'ime 4 × 1G QSFP, 4 × 10GQSFP +, 4 × 25G QSFP28 ngwa anya modul. Ugbu a QSFP28 ejirila ọtụtụ ebe na ebe data zuru ụwa ọnụ.
· CFP (Centum gigabits Form Pluggable) dabere na modul nzikọrịta ozi nkewa nkewa nke oke ikuku nwere oke nnyefe nke 100-400 Gbps. Ogo nke modul CFP buru ibu karịa nke SFP/XFP/QSFP, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka nnyefe dị anya dị ka netwọk mpaghara mepere emepe.
Modul transceiver ngwa anya maka nkwukọrịta etiti data
Enwere ike kewaa nzikọrịta ozi etiti data ụzọ atọ dịka ụdị njikọ siri dị:
(1) A na-emepụta ebe data na onye ọrụ site na omume onye ọrụ njedebe dị ka ịgagharị na ibe weebụ, izipu na ịnweta ozi ịntanetị na iyi vidiyo site na ịnweta igwe ojii;
(2) Njikọ njikọ data center, nke a na-ejikarị emegharị data, ngwanrọ na nkwalite usoro;
(3) N'ime ebe data, a na-ejikarị ya maka nchekwa ozi, ọgbọ na ngwuputa. Dị ka amụma Cisco si kwuo, nzikọrịta ozi n'ime ụlọ data na-akpata ihe karịrị 70% nke nzikọrịta ozi data center, na mmepe nke owuwu ụlọ data akwalitela mmepe nke modul ngwa anya dị elu.
Okporo ụzọ data na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto, na nnukwu usoro data center na-ebute mmepe nke modul anya n'akụkụ abụọ:
· Mmụba ọnụego nnyefe chọrọ
· Mmụba na nke ukwuu ina
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe ndị chọrọ n'ụwa dum data center modul optical modules gbanwere site na 10 / 40G modul optical modules na 100G. Nkwalite Cloud Cloud Alibaba nke China ga-abụ afọ mbụ nke nnukwu ngwa ngwa nke 100G modul optical na 2018. A na-atụ anya ịkwalite ya. 400G modul ngwa anya na 2019.
Ali ígwé ojii modul evolushọn ụzọ
Usoro nke nnukwu ebe data ebutela mmụba n'ịchọ anya nnyefe. Ebe nnyefe nke multimode fibers na-ejedebe site na mmụba nke ọnụego mgbaàmà ma na-atụ anya na a ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie ya site na otu ụdị fibers. Ọnụ ego nke njikọ eriri nwere akụkụ abụọ: modul anya na eriri anya. N'ihi na dị iche iche anya, e nwere dị iche iche na ọdabara ngwọta.Maka ọkara na ogologo anya interconnection chọrọ maka data center nkwurịta okwu, e nwere abụọ revolutionary ngwọta amụrụ site na MSA:
PSM4 (ụzọ 4 otu otu)
CWDM4 (Okporo ụzọ 4 Multiplexer Wavelength Division)
N'ime ha, ojiji eriri PSM4 ji okpukpu anọ karịa nke CWDM4. Mgbe anya njikọ dị ogologo, ọnụahịa ngwọta CWDM4 dị ntakịrị. Site na tebụl dị n'okpuru ebe a, anyị nwere ike ịhụ ntụnyere nke data center 100G optical module solution:
Taa, teknụzụ mmejuputa nke 400G optical modules aghọwo ihe na-elekwasị anya nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ọrụ bụ isi nke 400G optical module bụ imeziwanye ntinye data ma mee ka bandwidth na njupụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke etiti data dị elu. uru, obere mkpọtụ, miniaturization na mwekota, iji gboo mkpa nke na-esote ọgbọ netwọk ikuku na ultra-nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ data center nkwurịta okwu.
Ntugharị ngwa anya 400G nke mbụ jiri 16-channel 25G NRZ (Non-Returnto Zero) usoro mgbanwe mgbaàmà na ngwugwu CFP8. Ihe bara uru bụ na 25G NRZ technology modulation technology tozuru okè na 100G optical modul nwere ike gbaziri, ma ọ dịghị mma bụ. na ọ dị mkpa ka a na-ebufe akara ngosi 16 n'otu n'otu, na ike oriri na olu dị ntakịrị, nke na-adabaghị maka ngwa data center. N'ime 400G optical module ugbu a, 8-channel 53G NRZ ma ọ bụ 4-channel 106G PAM4 (4 Pulse). Modulation amplitude) ka a na-ejikarị eme ihe iji ghọta mgbasa ozi 400G.
N'ihe gbasara ngwugwu modul, OSFP ma ọ bụ QSFP-DD na-eji, na ngwugwu abụọ ahụ nwere ike inye 8 ihe mgbaàmà eletriki. ngwugwu OSFP dị ntakịrị ibu ma na-eri ike karịa, na-eme ka ọ dabara adaba maka ngwa telecom.
Nyochaa ike "isi" nke modul anya 100G/400G
Anyị ewebatala ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa anya nke 100G na 400G. Enwere ike ịhụ ihe ndị a na eserese schematic nke ngwọta 100G CWDM4, ngwọta 400G CWDM8 na ngwọta 400G CWDM4:
100G CWDM4 atụmatụ
400G CWDM8 atụmatụ
400G CWDM4 atụmatụ
Na modul ngwa anya, isi ihe iji ghọta ngbanwe mgbaàmà fotoelectric bụ fotodetector. Iji mechaa zute atụmatụ ndị a, kedu ụdị mkpa ị ga-egbo site na "isi"?
Ngwọta 100G CWDM4 chọrọ mmejuputa 4λx25GbE, ihe ngwọta 400G CWDM8 chọrọ mmejuputa 8λx50GbE, na ngwọta 400G CWDM4 chọrọ mmejuputa 4λx100GbE. N'ikwekọ na usoro modulation, 100G CWDMG0 na-akwado usoro nhazi nke CWDM4 nke Ngwa 25Gbd na 53Gbd. Atụmatụ 400G CWDM4 na-anabata atụmatụ PAM4 modulation, nke na-achọkwa ka ngwaọrụ ahụ nwee ọnụọgụ mgbanwe nke 53Gbd ma ọ bụ karịa.
Ọnụego mgbanwe ngwaọrụ dabara na bandwit ngwaọrụ. Maka modul ngwa anya 1310nm 100G, ihe nchọta bandwidth 25GHz InGaAs ma ọ bụ ihe nchọta zuru ezu.