Edebere njirisi maka IPv4 na ngwụcha 1970s. Na mmalite 1990s, ngwa nke WWW mere ka e nwee ihe mgbawa nke ịntanetị. Site na ụdị ngwa ịntanetị na-agbagwoju anya na ụdị dị iche iche nke ọnụ , ịnye adreesị IP nke onwe zuru ụwa ọnụ amalitela inwe nrụgide siri ike. Na gburugburu ebe a, na 1999, a mụrụ nkwekọrịta IPv6.
IPv6 nwere oghere adreesị nke ruru 128 ibe n'ibe, nke nwere ike dozie nsogbu nke ezughị ezu adreesị IPv4. Ebe ọ bụ na adreesị IPv4 bụ ọnụọgụ abụọ 32-bit, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke adreesị IP nwere ike ịnọchite anya bụ 232 = 42949,9672964 ijeri, yabụ enwere ihe dị ka ijeri IP ijeri 4 na ịntanetị. Mgbe upgrading ka 128-bit IPv6, adreesị IP na Internet ga-theoretically nwere 2128 = 3.4 * 1038. Ọ bụrụ na ụwa n'elu (gụnyere ala na mmiri) kpuchie na kọmputa, IPv6 na-enye ohere 7 * 1023 adreesị IP kwa square mita; ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nkesa adreesị bụ 1 nde kwa microsecond, ọ ga-ewe 1019 afọ iji kenye adreesị niile.
Ụdị ngwugwu IPv6
Ihe ngwugwu IP v6 nwere nkụnye eji isi mee 40-byte (isi nkụnye eji isi mee), emesia ya na 0 ma ọ bụ karịa nkụnye eji isi mee (isi ndọtị), wee data. Ọgụgụ na-esonụ na-egosi usoro nkụnye eji isi mee nke IPv6. Ihe ngwugwu IPV 6 ọ bụla na-amalite na nkụnye eji isi mee. Ọtụtụ ubi dị na isi nkụnye eji isi mee nke IPv6 nwere ike ịdekọrịta ozugbo na mpaghara dị na IPv4.
(1) The Version (ụdị) ubi bụ maka 4 bits, nke na-akọwa ụdị nke IP protocol. Maka IPv6, uru ubi bụ 0110, nke bụ ọnụọgụgụ iri isii 6.
(2) Ụdị nzikọrịta ozi (klaasị okporo ụzọ), ubi a nwere 8 ibe n'ibe, gụnyere ihe kacha mkpa (ihe mbụ) ubi nwere 4 bit. Nke mbụ, IPv6 na-ekewa iyi ahụ gaa n'ụdị abụọ, nke nwere ike ịbụ njikwa mkpọchi ma ọ bụghị nchịkwa nkwụsị. E kewara otu ọ bụla ụzọ asatọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke uru dị mkpa, ka otu ahụ dị mkpa karị. N'ihi na congestion-achịkwa , ihe kacha mkpa bụ 0 ~ 7, na nnyefe ọnụego nke ndị dị otú ahụ ngwugwu nwere ike jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mgbe mkpọchị emee. Maka enweghị ike ịchịkwa mkpọchi, ihe kacha mkpa bụ 8 ruo 15, nke bụ ọrụ oge, dị ka nnyefe nke ọrụ ọdịyo ma ọ bụ vidiyo. Ọnụego nnyefe nke ngwugwu maka ọrụ a na-adịgide adịgide, ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na etinyere ụfọdụ ngwugwu, ọ naghị ebufe ya.
(3) Akara ngosi (Flow lable): Ogige ahụ nwere bits 20. Flow bụ usoro ngwugwu data na ịntanetị sitere na saịtị a kapịrị ọnụ gaa na saịtị ebe aga (unicast ma ọ bụ multicast). Ihe ngwugwu niile nwere otu iyi nwere otu akara iyi. Ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ahọrọ akara mgbaba n'enweghị usoro n'etiti akara 224-1. Edebere akara mgbaba 0 iji gosi akara erute ejighị ya. Nhọrọ nke aha iyi iyi site na ọdụ isi iyi anaghị emegide n'etiti kọmputa. N'ihi narawụtana-eji nchikota nke adreesị isi mmalite na akara mgbaba nke ngwugwu ahụ mgbe ị na-ejikọta otu iyi na ngwugwu.
Ngwunye niile sitere na ọdụ isi iyi nwere otu akara iyi na-abụghị efu ga-enwerịrị otu adreesị isi mmalite yana adreesị ebe aga, otu nkụnye eji isi mee hop-by-hop (ọ bụrụ na isi okwu a dị) yana otu isi nhọrọ ntụgharị (ọ bụrụ na nkụnye eji isi mee a). dị). The uru nke a bụ na mgberawụtana-ahazi ngwugwu, naanị lelee akara mgbaba na-enweghị ịlele ihe ọ bụla ọzọ na nkụnye eji isi mee ihe. Enweghị akara mgbaba nwere nkọwa akọwapụtara, ebe ọdụ isi iyi kwesịrị ịkọwapụta nhazi pụrụ iche ọ chọrọ nke ọ bụlarawụtana-arụ ọrụ na ngwugwu ya na nkụnye eji isi mee agbatị
(4) Ogologo netwọk (ogologo ịkwụ ụgwọ): Ogologo ubi ahụ bụ 16 bits, nke na-egosi ọnụọgụ bytes dị na ngwugwu IPv6 ma e wezụga maka nkụnye eji isi mee n'onwe ya. Nke a na-egosi ngwungwu IPv6 nwere ike ijide 64 KB nke data. Ebe ọ bụ na etinyere ogologo nkụnye eji isi mee nke IPv6, ọ dịghị mkpa ịkọwapụta ogologo oge nke ngwugwu ahụ (nchikota nke nkụnye eji isi mee na akụkụ data) dị ka na IPv4.
(5) nkụnye eji isi mee na-esote (nkụnye isi na-esote): 8 ibe n'ogologo. Na-achọpụta ụdị nkụnye eji isi mee gbasaa na-eso nkụnye eji isi mee IPv6. Ogige a na-egosi ụdị nkụnye eji isi mee ozugbo na-esote nke bụ isi.
(6) Oke hop (oke oke): (nwere 8 bits) iji gbochie ngwugwu ka ọ dịrị na netwọk ahụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi. Ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-edobe oke hop mgbe ezipu ngwugwu ọ bụla. Mgbe nke ọ bụlarawụtana-ebugharị ngwugwu ahụ, uru nke ubi maka hop-oke kwesịrị ibelata site na 1. Mgbe uru nke hop Limit bụ 0, a ga-atụfu ngwugwu ahụ. Nke a dakọtara na ubi ndụ na IPv4 nkụnye eji isi mee, mana ọ dị mfe karịa oge ngụkọ oge na IPv4.
(7) Adreesị IP isi mmalite (Adreesị isi mmalite): Ogige a nwere 128 bit ma bụrụ adreesị IP nke ọdụ izipu nke ngwugwu a.
(8) Adreesị IP ebe (Adreesị ebe): Ogige a nwere 128 bit ma bụrụ adreesị IP nke ebe nnata nke ngwugwu a.
IPV6 ngwugwu usoro bụ nke Shenzhen HDV Photoelectron Technology co., LTD., a software oru ọrụ, na ụlọ ọrụ achịkọtala otu ike software otu maka netwọk metụtara akụrụngwa (dị ka: AC).ONU/ nkwukọrịtaONU/ nwere ọgụgụ isiONU/ eririONU/XPONONU/GPONONUwdg). N'ihi na onye ọ bụla ahịa hazie nanị chọrọ ndị chọrọ ya, ka anyị ngwaahịa ọzọ nwere ọgụgụ isi na elu.