N'ihi ọtụtụ mmepe na ọganihu teknụzụ dị na ngwaike dị mkpa, ngwanrọ, ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ, ojiji VoIP zuru ebe niile ga-abụ eziokwu n'oge na-adịghị anya. Ọganihu nkà na ụzụ na mmepe na mpaghara ndị a enyela aka n'ịmepụta netwọk VoIP na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-arụ ọrụ na nke na-emekọrịta ihe. Ihe ndị na-emepụta nkà na ụzụ na-akwalite mmepe ngwa ngwa na ọbụna ngwa ngwa nke VoIP nwere ike ịchịkọta n'ime akụkụ ndị a.
1. Digital Signal Processor
Advanced Digital Signal processors (DSPS) na-arụ ọrụ mgbako siri ike achọrọ maka ntinye ụda na data. A na-ejikarị nhazi DSP nke akara dijitalụ rụọ mgbakọ mgbagwoju anya nke nwere ike ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-eme ya site na CPU ebumnuche izugbe. Ike nhazi ha pụrụ iche jikọtara ya na ọnụ ala dị ala na-eme ka DSPS dabara nke ọma ịrụ ọrụ nhazi mgbaàmà na sistemụ VoIP
Mgbakọ n'elu nke mkpokọta okwu G.729 na otu iyi olu na-abụkarị nnukwu, nke chọrọ 20MIPS. Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ Central CPU iji hazie ọtụtụ iyi olu, rụọ ọrụ ntụgharị na njikwa sistemụ n'otu oge, ọ bụ ihe ezi uche na-adịghị na ya. Ya mere, iji otu DSPS ma ọ bụ karịa nwere ike iwepụ ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ nke mgbagwoju okwu mkpakọ algọridim n'ime ya site na Central CPU. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, DSPS dịkwa mma maka nchọpụta ọrụ olu na ọrụ nkwụghachi ụgwọ, ka ha nwee ike hazie data olu. iyi na ozugbo na nwere ngwa ngwa ohere na na-board ebe nchekwa .Ya mere, N'isiakwụkwọ a, esi mejuputa okwu nzuzo na echo kagbuo na TMS320C6201DSP ikpo okwu ewebata n'ụzọ zuru ezu.
Protocols na ọkọlọtọ Software na ngwaike H.323 Ụzọ kwụ n'ahịrị ziri ezi DSP MPLS labelụ ịgbanwee arọ random n'oge nchọpụta Advanced ASIC RTP, RTCP Ugboro abụọ Funnel Universal Cell ọnụego algọridim DWDM RSVP gosiri ohere Rate SONET Diffserv, CAR Cisco Fast Forwarding CPU Processing Power G.729 , G.729a:CS-ACELP Tebụl agbakwunyere ADSL, RADSL, SDSL FRF.11/FRF.12 token bucket algọridim Multilink PPP Frame Relay data rectification SIP Integration of prior-based CoS Packet over SONET IP and ATM QoS/CoS
2, Advanced raara onwe ya nye integrated sekit
Mmepe nke Ngwa-Specific Integrated Circait (ASIC) ewepụtala ASIC ngwa ngwa, mgbagwoju anya na arụ ọrụ. Asics bụ ibe ngwa pụrụ iche na-eme otu ngwa ma ọ bụ obere ọrụ. Site n'ilekwasị anya na ebumnuche ngwa dị warara, ha nwere ike ịkwalite nke ọma maka otu ọrụ ma na-abụkarị otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ iwu nke ịdị ukwuu ngwa ngwa Dị ka mbelata ntụziaka Set kọmputa (RSIC) ibe na-elekwasị anya n'ịrụ ọrụ ole na ole ngwa ngwa, ASICS na-ebu ụzọ mee ihe. ịrụ ọrụ ole na ole ngwa ngwa. Ozugbo e mepụtara, mmepụta ihe nke ASIC adịghị ọnụ ma jiri ya mee ihe maka ngwaọrụ netwọk gụnyererawụtana mgba ọkụ, na-arụ ọrụ nlele tebụl ntụgharị, ịnyefe otu, ịhazi nhazi na ịlele, na kwụ n'ahịrị. Ojiji nke ASIC na-enye ngwaọrụ ahụ arụmọrụ dị elu na ọnụ ala dị ala. Ha na-enye nnukwu brọdband na nkwado QoS ka mma maka netwọkụ ahụ, yabụ ha na-arụ nnukwu ọrụ n'ịkwalite mmepe VoIP.
3, IP nnyefe teknụzụ
Ọtụtụ n'ime netwọkụ mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na-eji ọnọdụ multiplexing nkewa oge, ebe ịntanetị ga-enwerịrị usoro ejigharị ọnụ ọgụgụ yana ogologo ọnọdụ mgbanwe ngwugwu. E jiri ya tụnyere abụọ ahụ, nke ikpeazụ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ntinye ego nke netwọkụ netwọkụ, njikọ dị mfe ma dị irè na nkwurịta okwu, ọ dịkwa mma maka ọrụ data, nke bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa maka mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ịntanetị. Otú ọ dị, nkwurịta okwu netwọk IP brọdband na-ebute ihe ndị siri ike chọrọ na QoS na njirimara igbu oge, ya mere mmepe nke teknụzụ mgbanwe ogologo oge ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ adọtala ndị mmadụ anya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na mgbakwunye na ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke IP protocol-ipv6, World Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) ewepụtala teknụzụ Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS), nke bụ ụdị teknụzụ mgbanwe akara / akara akara dabere na oyi akwa netwọkụ. routing, nke nwere ike melite mgbanwe nke routing, ịgbatị netwọk oyi akwa routing ikike, mfe mwekota nkerawụtana mgbanwe cell. Imelite arụmọrụ netwọkụ. MPLS nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka protocol okporo ụzọ nọọrọ onwe ya, kamakwa ọ dakọtara na ụkpụrụ ntụgharị netwọkụ dị ugbu a. Ọ na-akwado ọrụ dị iche iche, njikwa na mmezi nke netwọk IP, ma na-eme ka QoS dịkwuo mma, ntụgharị na akara ngosi nke nkwurịta okwu netwọk IP, na-eru ma ọ bụ na-erute ọkwa nke ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụgụ ogologo oge (ATM). Ọ dị mfe, na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, dị ọnụ ala na ọdabara karịa ATM.
IETF na-arụkwa ọrụ na usoro njikwa ngwugwu ọhụrụ iji mee ka ụzọ QoS nwee ike. A na-amụ teknụzụ tunnelling iji nweta mgbasa ozi brọdband site na njikọ otu ụzọ. Tụkwasị na nke a, otu esi ahọrọ ntanetị mgbasa ozi IP netwọk bụkwa akụkụ dị mkpa nke nyocha na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na IP n'elu ATM, IP n'elu SDH, IP karịa DWDM na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ apụtawo n'usoro.
Oghere IP na-enye ọrụ ịnweta IP dị elu yana ụfọdụ nkwa ọrụ nye ndị ọrụ IP. Onye ọrụ oyi akwa na-enye ụdị ohere (IP ohere na brọdband ohere) na ọrụ ọdịnaya form.Na isi oyi akwa, Ethernet bụ anụ ahụ oyi akwa nke IP netwọk, ọ bụ ihe n'ezie, ma IP overDWDM bụ ọhụrụ technology, na nwere nnukwu. ike mmepe.
Dense Wave Division MultipLexing (DWDM) ekubawo ndụ ọhụrụ n'ime netwọkụ eriri wee nye bandwidth dị ịtụnanya na netwọkụ azụ azụ fiber ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ telecom. Teknụzụ DWDM na-eji ike nke eriri anya na ngwa mgbasa ozi anya dị elu. Aha nkewawa nkewa multiplexing sitere na nfefe ọtụtụ wavelengths nke ìhè (LASER) site na otu eriri nke eriri anya. Usoro dị ugbu a nwere ike izipu na ịchọpụta 16 wavelengths, ebe usoro n'ọdịnihu nwere ike ịkwado 40 ruo 96 zuru oke ogologo. Nke a dị ịrịba ama n'ihi na ogologo waveleng nke ọ bụla na-agbakwunye ozi agbakwunyere. Yabụ enwere ike ịgbasa netwọkụ 2.6 Gbit/s (OC-48) ugboro iri na isii na-enweghị itinye eriri ọhụrụ.
Ọtụtụ netwọk eriri ọhụrụ na-agba ọsọ OC-192 na (9.6 Gbit / s), na-emepụta ikike karịa 150 Gbit / s na eriri abụọ mgbe ejikọtara ya na DWDM. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, DWDM na-enye usoro interface na njirimara onwe onye na-agba ọsọ, na eriri nwere ike. na-akwado nnyefe ATM, SDH na Gigabit Ethernet n'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere ike dakọtara na netwọk dị iche iche e wuru ugbu a, ya mere DWDM nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-echebe ihe onwunwe dị ugbu a, kamakwa ọ nwere ike inye netwọk azụ azụ dị ike maka ISP. na ụlọ ọrụ telecom nwere nnukwu bandwit ya. Ma mee ka brọdband dị ọnụ ala ma nwetakwuo ohere, nke na-enye nkwado siri ike maka ihe achọrọ bandwidth nke ngwọta VoIP.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasawanye na-abawanye nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-enye pipeline dị arọ na obere ohere nke igbochi, kamakwa ime ka igbu oge dị ntakịrị, ya mere ọ nwere ike belata ihe QoS chọrọ na netwọk IP ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu.
4. Nkà na ụzụ ịnweta mgbasa ozi
Nnweta onye ọrụ nke netwọk IP abụrụla ihe mgbochi na-egbochi mmepe nke netwọkụ niile. N'ikpeazụ, ihe mgbaru ọsọ kachasị nke ịnweta onye ọrụ bụ fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ sara mbara, netwọk ohere anya na-agụnye sistemu ikuku dijitalụ anya na netwọkụ anya na-agafe agafe. Nke mbụ bụ tumadi na United States, jikọtara ọnụ na-emeghe ọnụ V5.1/V5.2, na-ebunye ya integrated usoro on ngwa anya eriri, na-egosi oké vitality. Nke ikpeazụ bụ tumadi na Japan na Germany. Japan anọgidewo na-eme nnyocha ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri, ma mee usoro dị iche iche iji belata ọnụahịa nke netwọk anya anya na ọkwa yiri nke ahụ na eriri ọla kọpa na ígwè gbagọrọ agbagọ-pair wires, na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ojiji. Karịsịa n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ITU atụpụtala ATM based Passive optical Network (APON), nke jikọtara uru nke ATM na netwọtị anya na-agafe agafe. Ọnụ ego ịnweta nwere ike iru 622M bit / s, nke bara uru nke ukwuu maka mmepe nke brọdband IP multimedia ọrụ, ma nwee ike ibelata ọdịda ọdịda na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnụ, ma gbasaa ebe mkpuchi. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ITU agwụla ọrụ nhazi, na ndị nrụpụta dị iche iche na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-emepụta ya. N'oge na-adịghị a ga-enwe ngwaahịa na ahịa, na ọ ga-abụ isi mmepe ntụziaka nke brọdband ohere technology chere ihu na 21st narị afọ.
Ugbu a, teknụzụ nnweta bụ isi bụ: PSTN, IADN, ADSL, CM, DDN, X.25, Ethernet na sistemụ ikuku ikuku brọdband. Teknụzụ ohere ndị a nwere njirimara nke ha, n'etiti ndị na-emepe emepe ngwa ngwa bụ ADSL na CM; CM (Cable Modem) na-anakwere eriri coaxial nwere oke nnyefe na ikike mgbochi mgbochi siri ike; mana ọ bụghị nnyefe ụzọ abụọ, enweghị ọkọlọtọ ejikọtara ọnụ.
ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Loop) na-enye ohere pụrụ iche na brọdband, na-eji netwọk ekwentị dị adị, ma na-enye ọnụego nnyefe asymmetric. Ọnụego nbudata na akụkụ onye ọrụ nwere ike iru 8 Mbit / s, na ọnụego bulite n'akụkụ onye ọrụ nwere ike iru 1M bit/s. ADSL na-enye brọdband dị mkpa maka azụmaahịa na ndị ọrụ n'otu n'otu, ma na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nke ukwuu. N'iji sekit mpaghara ADSL dị ọnụ ala, ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ịnweta ịntanetị na VPN dabere na ndị na-eweta ọrụ ịntanetị na oke ọsọ, na-enye ohere maka ikike ịkpọ oku VoIP dị elu.
5. Central nhazi unit technology
Ngalaba nhazi Central (cpus) na-aga n'ihu na-etolite n'ihe gbasara ọrụ, ike na ọsọ. Nke a na-eme ka ọtụtụ PCS na-eme ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi na-eme ka arụ ọrụ sistemụ na-ejedebe site na ike CPU. Atụla anya ike nke PCS ijikwa data ọdịyo na vidiyo site n'aka ndị ọrụ ogologo oge, yabụ izipu oku olu n'elu netwọk data bụ nzọụkwụ na-esote ezi uche dị na ya. Ike mgbakọ a na-enyere ma ngwa desktọpụ multimedia dị elu yana atụmatụ dị elu na akụrụngwa netwọk iji kwado ngwa olu.
VOIP bụ nke anyịONUngwaahịa netwọkụ usoro na azụmahịa, yana ngwaahịa netwọkụ ọkụ dị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ anyị na-ekpuchi ụdị dị iche icheONUusoro, gụnyere ACONU/ nkwukọrịtaONU/ nwere ọgụgụ isiONU/ igbeONU/ abụọ PON ọdụ ụgbọ mmiriONU, wdg.
Nke eluONUEnwere ike iji ngwaahịa usoro maka netwọkụ chọrọ nke ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Nabata ka ị nweta nghọta teknụzụ zuru ezu nke ngwaahịa.
