Modul anya bụ ngwaọrụ ntụgharị mgbama fotoelectric, nke enwere ike itinye n'ime ngwa transceiver mgbama netwọkụ dịka.rawụta, mgba ọkụ, na akụrụngwa nnyefe. Ma ọkụ eletrik na ngwa anya bụ akara ebili mmiri magnetik. Oke nnyefe nke akara eletrịkị nwere oke, ebe enwere ike ibunye akara ngosi ngwa ngwa ma gaa n'ihu. Agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ ngwaọrụ dị ugbu a na-amata akara ọkụ eletrik, yabụ enwere modul ngbanwe fotoelectric.
N'ihi nnukwu bandwidth na ogologo nnyefe anya nke nnyefe eriri anya, ebe ebe nnyefe ọdịnala ọdịnala dị mkpụmkpụ ma nwee ike ibute nnyonye anya electromagnetic, iji gbatịa ebe nzikọrịta ozi, a na-eji eriri anya eme ihe maka mbufe. Site na nsonye nke modul anya, enwere ike ịgbanwe akara ngosi eletrik ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi anya maka nnyefe na eriri anya, wee gbanwee site na akara ngosi n'ime akara eletrik ka a na-enweta site na akụrụngwa netwọkụ, wee si otú ahụ gbasaa anya nnyefe nke nkwurịta okwu dijitalụ.
Ụkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke modul ngwa anya na njedebe na-ebufe bụ itinye akara ọkụ eletrik na ọnụọgụ koodu ụfọdụ site na njedebe mkpịsị aka ọla edo, wee mee ka laser zipu akara ngosi anya na ọnụego kwekọrọ mgbe onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala hazichara ya. ;
Ụkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ na njedebe nke nnata bụ iji gbanwee akara ngosi anya natara n'ime mgbaàmà eletrik site na onye na-achọpụta ihe, wee gbanwee akara ngosi adịghị ike nke ugbu a na mgbama voltaji site na ihe nrịbama transimpedance, si otú ahụ na-eme ka mgbama eletrik dịkwuo elu, wee wepụ overvoltage. mgbaàmà site na mmachi mmachi. Mgbama voltaji dị elu ma ọ bụ dị ala na-eme ka mgbama ọkụ eletrik nke mmepụta kwụsie ike.