Antennas convert electrical signals transmitted by devices into electromagnetic waves for transmission. Generally, antennas have the function of transmitting and receiving, but in special cases, they only perform the function of receiving. (such as broadcast antenna)
The definition of an antenna is a device that can effectively radiate electromagnetic waves in a specific direction of space or receive electromagnetic waves in a specific direction of space.
The function of the antenna is to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves, while also having the following basic functions:
1. The antenna should be able to convert as much guided wave energy as possible into electromagnetic wave energy. This first requires the antenna to be a good electromagnetic open system, and secondly requires the antenna to match the transmitter or receiver.
2. The antenna should concentrate electromagnetic waves as much as possible in a certain direction, or maximize the acceptance of incoming waves in a certain direction, that is, the direction should have directionality.
3. The antenna should be able to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves with specified polarization, that is, the antenna has appropriate polarization.
4. The antenna should have sufficient operating frequency bands.
Principle of antenna: The antenna transmits electromagnetic waves, and the principle of electromagnetic wave generation:
According to Maxwell's electromagnetic field theory, a changing electric field generates a changing magnetic field in the surrounding space, and the changing magnetic field also generates a changing electric field. In this way, the changing electric field and the changing magnetic field are interdependent, mutually excited, alternately generated, and propagate out of space at a certain speed from near to far.
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