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Two basic concepts of laser, one is stimulated emission, the other is the resonator. In this paper, the basic principle of DBR (Distributed Bragg Reflector), which is a resonator in VCSEL type lasers, is introduced. Two basic physics knowledge: reflection phase transitio...

Users belonging to the same VLAN on the live network may be connected to different switches, and there may be more than one VLAN across the switch. To communicate with users, interfaces between switches must be able to identify and send data frames of multiple vlans at t...

Optical fiber is a light conduction tool that uses the principle of total reflection of light in a fiber made of glass or plastic. Optical fiber bare fiber is generally divided into three layers: core, cladding and coating. ...

NGN puts forward the concept of layering and opening, and uses IP network and softswitch technology to transform telecom network from technology-driven to business-driven. As with any new thing, many key issues of NGN from signaling system to architecture are still being...

Routes are classified into three types: static route, dynamic route, and direct route. In the method of manual input static routing, in order to solve the routing problem of the entire ip world, it is very weak in reality. So, the experts thought of letting the router from the home, tell the near...

Routes are classified into three types: static route, dynamic route, and direct route. In the method of manual input static routing, in order to solve the routing problem of the entire ip world, it is very weak in reality. So, the experts thought of letting the router from the home, tell the near...