The channel connects the communication device of the sending end and the receiving end, and its function is to transmit the signal from the sending end to the receiving end. According to the different transmission media, channels can be divided into two categories: wireless channels and wired channels. Wireless channels use the propagation of electromagnetic waves in space to transmit signals, while wired channels use artificial media to transmit electrical or optical signals. The traditional fixed telephone network uses the wired channel (telephone line) as the transmission medium, and the radio broadcast is the use of the wireless channel to transmit radio programs. Light is also a kind of electromagnetic wave, it can travel in space, but also can be transmitted in the medium of light. Therefore, the classification of the above two categories of channels also applies to optical signals. The medium used to guide light is wave guide and optical fiber. Optical fiber is a widely used transmission medium in wired optical communication systems.
According to different channel characteristics, the channel can be divided into constant parameter channel and random parameter channel. The characteristics of constant parametric channels do not change with time, while the characteristics of random parametric channels change with time.
In the communication system model, it is also mentioned that there is noise in the channel, which has important adverse effects on signal transmission, so it is usually considered as an active interference. The poor transmission characteristics of the channel itself can be regarded as a kind of passive interference. In this chapter, we will focus on the characteristics of channel transmission and noise, and their effects on signal transmission.
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