The channel is a communication device connecting the transmitting end and the receiving end, and its function is to transmit signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end. According to different transmission media, channels can be divided into two categories: wireless channels and wired channels. The wireless channel uses the propagation of electromagnetic waves in space to transmit signals, while the wired channel uses artificial media to transmit electrical or optical signals. The traditional fixed telephone network uses the wired channel (telephone line) as the transmission medium, while radio broadcasting uses the wireless channel to transmit radio programs. Light is also a kind of electromagnetic wave that can propagate in space or in the medium that guides light. The classification of the above two types of channels is also applicable to optical signals. The medium for guiding light includes a waveguide and optical fibre. Optical fibre is the transmission medium widely used in the wired optical communication systems.
According to different channel characteristics, the channel can be divided into constant parameter channels and random parameter channels. The characteristics of the constant parameter channel do not change with time, while the characteristics of the random parameter channel change with time.
In the communication system model, it is also mentioned that there is noise in the channel, which has an important adverse effect on signal transmission, so it is generally considered as an active interference. The poor transmission characteristics of the channel itself can be regarded as passive interference. This chapter will talk about the characteristics of the channel and noise, as well as how they affect signal transmission.
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