Monga tonse tikudziwa, makampani opanga zamakono apeza zinthu zambiri zodabwitsa mu 2018, ndipo padzakhala zotheka zosiyanasiyana mu 2019, zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yaitali.Mkulu wa teknoloji wa Inphi, Dr. Radha Nagarajan, amakhulupirira kuti malo othamanga kwambiri a data center interconnect. (DCI) msika, imodzi mwa magawo a makampani opanga zamakono, idzasinthanso mu 2019. Nazi zinthu zitatu zomwe akuyembekezera kuti zichitike mu data center chaka chino.
1.Kuwonongeka kwa malo a malo opangira deta kudzakhala kofala kwambiri
Kugwiritsa ntchito malo a data kumafuna chithandizo chochuluka cha mlengalenga, kuphatikizapo zomangamanga monga mphamvu ndi kuzizira.Data center geo-decomposition idzakhala yofala kwambiri pamene zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kumanga malo akuluakulu, opitirira, akuluakulu a deta.Kuwonongeka ndizofunikira kwambiri mumzinda waukulu madera omwe mitengo ya malo ndi yokwera. Kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa bandwidth ndikofunikira kuti mulumikizane ndi ma data awa.
DCI-Kampasi:Ma data awa nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa palimodzi, mwachitsanzo m'malo amsukulu. Mtundawu nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 2 ndi makilomita a 5. Malingana ndi kupezeka kwa fiber, palinso kugwirizana kwa CWDM ndi DWDM maulalo pa mtunda uwu.
DCI-Edge:Mtundu uwu wa kugwirizana umachokera ku 2 km kufika ku 120 km. Maulalowa amagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi malo omwe amagawidwa m'derali ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi latency contraints.DCI optical technology options zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira mwachindunji ndi kugwirizana, zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito DWDM. Kutumiza mawonekedwe mu fiber-optic C-band (192 THz mpaka 196 THz zenera) .Mawonekedwe odziwikiratu odziwikiratu ndi matalikidwe osinthika, ali ndi njira yosavuta yodziwira, amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotsika, zotsika mtengo, ndipo amafuna chipukuta misozi chakunja nthawi zambiri. 100 Gbps, 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4), mawonekedwe owonetsera mwachindunji ndi njira yotsika mtengo yogwiritsira ntchito DCI-Edge.Mawonekedwe osinthika a PAM4 ali ndi mphamvu zowirikiza kawiri za chikhalidwe chosabwerera ku zero (NRZ) mawonekedwe osinthika.Kwa m'badwo wotsatira wa 400-Gbps (per wavelength) machitidwe a DCI, mawonekedwe ogwirizana a 60-Gbaud, 16-QAM ndi omwe akutsogolera mpikisano.
DCI-Metro/Long Haul:Gulu la fiber ndilopitirira DCI-Edge, ndi ulalo wapansi mpaka makilomita 3,000 ndi pansi panyanja yayitali. ndi matalikidwe ndi gawo modulated, amafuna lasers oscillator m'deralo kuti adziwike, amafuna zovuta digito chizindikiro processing, amadya mphamvu zambiri, ali ndi utali wautali, ndipo ndi okwera mtengo kuposa kuzindikira mwachindunji kapena NRZ njira.
2.Deta ya data idzapitiriza kukula
Kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa bandwidth n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mugwirizane ndi malo opangira deta.Poganizira izi, DCI-Campus, DCI-Edge ndi DCI-Metro / Long Haul data centers idzapitirizabe kukula.M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, gawo la DCI lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito Zofunikira za bandwidth za opereka mautumiki amtambo (CSPs) omwe amapereka mapulogalamu-monga-ntchito (SaaS), nsanja-monga-ntchito (PaaS) ndi zomangamanga-monga-ntchito. Kuthekera kwa (IaaS) kumayendetsa makina owoneka bwino olumikizira CSP data center Layermasiwichindima routers.Lero, izi ziyenera kuthamanga pa 100 Gbps. Mkati mwa data center, cabling ya mkuwa (DAC), yogwira ntchito (AOC) kapena 100G "grey" Optics ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. chomwe changopezeka kumene ndi njira yathunthu, yogwirizana yobwerezabwereza yomwe ili yocheperako.
Ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe cha 100G, zomangamanga za data center network zasintha kuchokera ku chitsanzo cha chikhalidwe cha data.“lalikulu deta center”campus.Ma CSP ambiri asakanizidwa ku malo ogawidwa kuti akwaniritse sikelo yofunikira ndikupereka mautumiki amtambo omwe amapezeka kwambiri.
Madera opezeka pa data amakhala pafupi ndi mizinda yayikulu yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu kuti apereke chithandizo chabwino kwambiri (mochedwa komanso kupezeka) kwa makasitomala omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi maderawa. Zomangamanga za m'derali ndizosiyana pang'ono pakati pa ma CSP, koma zimakhala ndi "zipata" zachigawo zosafunikira. kapena “mahabu”. “Zipata” kapena “mahabu”wa ndi olumikizidwa ku msana wa CSP wa wide area network (WAN) (ndi masamba am'mphepete omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizana ndi anzawo, zoyendera zam'deralo kapena zapamadzi). Izi “ zipata” kapena “mahabu” amalumikizidwa ku msana wa CSP's wide area network (WAN) (ndi masamba am'mphepete omwe atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendera anzawo, zoyendera zam'deralo kapena zoyendera zapansi pamadzi). n'zosavuta kupeza zipangizo zowonjezera ndikuzigwirizanitsa ndi chipata cha m'deralo.Izi zimalola kufalikira mofulumira ndi kukula kwa derali poyerekeza ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri womanga malo atsopano a deta ndi nthawi yayitali yomanga, ndi phindu lowonjezera la kuyambitsa lingaliro la madera osiyanasiyana omwe alipo (AZ) m'malo operekedwa.
Kusintha kuchokera ku zomangamanga zazikulu za data kupita ku zone kumayambitsa zopinga zowonjezera zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha malo olowera pakhomo ndi malo opangira deta.Mwachitsanzo, kuonetsetsa kuti makasitomala amakumana nawo (kuchokera ku latency), mtunda wautali pakati pa deta ziwiri zilizonse. Malo (kudzera pachipata cha anthu onse) ayenera kukhala ndi malire.Chiganizo china ndi chakuti makina opangidwa ndi grey Optical ndi osakwanira kuti athe kugwirizanitsa nyumba zapakati pa data zomwe zili m'dera lomwelo. Poganizira izi, nsanja yolumikizana yamasiku ano siyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito DCI.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ma silicon photonics, transceiver yapawiri yokhala ndi PAM4 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) idapangidwa, kuphatikiza purosesa yophatikizika ya digito (DSP) ndi kukonza zolakwika zamtsogolo (FEC) .Ndipo sungani mu fomu ya QSFP28. Zotsatira zakekusinthapluggable module imatha kutumiza DWDM kudzera pa ulalo wamba wa DCI, wokhala ndi 4 Tbps pa fiber pair ndi 4.5 W pa 100G.
3.Silicon photonics ndi CMOS zidzakhala maziko a chitukuko cha optical module
Kuphatikiza kwa ma silicon photonics a optics ophatikizika kwambiri ndi othamanga kwambiri a silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) pokonza ma siginecha athandizira kusinthika kwa ma module otsika mtengo, otsika, osinthika.
Chip chophatikizika kwambiri cha silicon photonic ndi mtima wa module yolumikizira.Poyerekeza ndi indium phosphide, nsanja ya silicon CMOS imatha kulowa mu mawonekedwe ophatikizika a wafer-level optics yayikulu 200 mm ndi 300 mm wafer size. anamangidwa ndi kuwonjezera germanium epitaxy pa muyezo silikoni CMOS nsanja. Komanso, pakachitsulo woipa ndi silicon nitride zochokera zigawo zikuluzikulu akhoza Integrated kupanga otsika refractive index kusiyana ndi kutentha osamva kuwala zigawo zikuluzikulu.
Chithunzi 2, njira yotulukira ya silicon photonic chip ili ndi maulendo awiri oyendayenda a Mach Zehnder modulators (MZM), imodzi pamtundu uliwonse wa wavelength. imakhala ngati DWDM multiplexer.Silicon MZM yomweyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mumitundu yonse ya NRZ ndi PAM4 yokhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyana za galimoto.
Pamene zofunikira za bandwidth zama netiweki za data center zikupitilira kukula, Lamulo la Moore likufuna kupita patsogolo pakusinthira tchipisi. Izi zidzathandizakusinthandirautansanja kusamalirakusinthachip base parity pamene mukuwonjezera mphamvu ya doko lililonse.Next-generationkusinthatchipisi tapangidwa pa doko lililonse la 400G.A pulojekiti yotchedwa 400ZR inakhazikitsidwa mu Optical Internet Forum (OIF) kuti ikhazikitse ma module a DCI a m'badwo wotsatira ndikupanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana opangira zinthu kwa ogulitsa.Lingaliro ili ndi lofanana ndi WDM PAM4, koma imafikira kuthandizira zofunikira za 400-Gbps.