Malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana za ogwiritsa ntchito, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mautumiki, ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo pamagawo osiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe a makina olumikizirana opangidwa ndi fiber fiber amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana.
Pakadali pano, mitundu yambiri yamakina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina olumikizirana opangidwa ndi fiber optical fiber modulation / kuzindikira mwachindunji (IM / DD). Chithunzi cha block block cha dongosololi chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Monga momwe tikuwonera pachithunzichi, njira yolumikizirana ya digito ya optical fiber imapangidwa makamaka ndi optical transmitter, optical fiber, ndi optical receiver.
Chithunzi 1 Chithunzi cha Schematic cha optical fiber digital communication system
Mu njira yolumikizira ma fiber optical point-to-point, njira yotumizira ma siginecha: chizindikiro cholowera chomwe chimatumizidwa ku terminal ya optical transmitter chimasinthidwa kukhala kachidindo koyenera kutumizidwa mu fiber optical pambuyo pa kutembenuka, komanso kulimba kwa kuwala. gwero limayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi mayendedwe oyendetsa galimoto, kotero kuti mphamvu ya kuwala yotuluka ndi gwero la kuwala imasintha ndi chizindikiro cholowera, ndiye kuti, gwero la kuwala limamaliza kutembenuka kwamagetsi / kuwala ndikutumiza chizindikiro chamagetsi chofananira ndi kuwala kwa kuwala. za kupatsirana; pamizere ya njira yolankhulirana, pakali pano, single-mode optical fiber Izi ndi chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake abwino opatsirana; chizindikirocho chikafika pamapeto olandila, chizindikiro cholowera chimawonekera koyamba ndi chithunzithunzi kuti amalize kutembenuka kwamagetsi / magetsi, kenako kumakulitsidwa, kufananiza, ndikuweruzidwa. Kukonzekera kwapadera kuti mubwezeretse ku chizindikiro choyambirira chamagetsi, potero kukwaniritsa njira yonse yotumizira.
Pofuna kutsimikizira kulumikizana kwabwino, chobwerezabwereza cha kuwala chiyenera kuperekedwa pamtunda woyenera pakati pa ma transceivers. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya obwerezabwereza optical mu optical fiber communication, imodzi ndi yobwereza mu mawonekedwe a optical-electrical-optical conversion, ndipo ina ndi amplifier optical yomwe imakulitsa mwachindunji chizindikiro cha kuwala.
M'makina olumikizirana ma fiber optical, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimatsimikizira kutalika kwa relay ndikutayika kwa fiber optical ndi bandwidth yotumizira.
Nthawi zambiri, kuchepetsedwa kwa ulusi pautali wamtundu womwe umafalikira mu ulusi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira kutayika kwa ulusi, ndipo gawo lake ndi dB / km. Pakalipano, silika yochokera ku kuwala kwa silika imakhala ndi kutaya pafupifupi 2 dB / km mu gulu la 0.8 mpaka 0.9 μm; kutaya kwa 5 dB / km pa 1.31 μm; ndi 1.55 μm, kutayika kumatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala 0.2 dB / km, yomwe ili pafupi ndi Theoretical limit of SiO2 fiber loss. Pachikhalidwe, 0,85 μm amatchedwa lalifupi-wavelength wa fiber optic kulankhulana; 1.31 μm ndi 1.55 μm amatchedwa kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a fiber optical communication. Ndi mazenera atatu ogwira ntchito otsika otsika mu optical fiber communication.
Pakulankhulana kwa digito, chidziwitso chimafalitsidwa ndi kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa ma siginecha owoneka nthawi iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, mtunda wa relay umakhalanso wocheperako ndi bandwidth yotumizira ma fiber. Nthawi zambiri, MHz.km imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la bandwidth yotumizira pautali wamtundu wa fiber. Ngati bandwidth ya fiber inayake yaperekedwa ngati 100MHz.km, zikutanthauza kuti ma siginecha a 100MHz okha ndi omwe amaloledwa kutumizidwa pa kilomita iliyonse ya fiber. Kutalika kwa mtunda ndi kuchepera kwa bandwidth yotumizira, kumachepetsa mphamvu yolumikizirana.