1. Amasankhidwa ndi ntchito yolumikizirana
Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zoyankhulirana, njira zoyankhulirana zimatha kugawidwa m'njira zoyankhulirana ndi telegraph, njira zoyankhulirana ndi telefoni, njira zoyankhulirana ndi deta, njira zoyankhulirana ndi zithunzi, ndi zina zotero. zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafalitsidwa kudzera m'njira zolumikizirana ndi anthu, monga mauthenga a telegraph ndi mauthenga akutali akutali amatha kufalitsidwa kudzera mu njira ya telefoni. Integrated service digital communication network ndiyoyenera kufalitsa uthenga wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mautumiki.
2. Zosankhidwa ndi kusinthasintha
Malingana ndi ngati chizindikiro chomwe chimaperekedwa mu tchanelocho chimasinthidwa kapena ayi, njira yolankhulirana imatha kugawidwa m'magulu a baseband transmission system ndi bandpass transmission system. Kutumiza kwa Baseband ndikutumiza kwachindunji kwa ma siginecha osasinthika, monga foni yam'deralo, kuwulutsa chingwe; Kutumiza kwa bandpass ndi liwu lodziwika bwino la kufalitsa kosinthidwa kwa ma siginali osiyanasiyana. Pali njira zambiri zosinthira, ndipo Gulu 1-1 limatchula njira zofananira zosinthira.
3. Gulu molingana ndi mawonekedwe azizindikiro
Malinga ndi njira yotumizira ndi chizindikiro cha analogi kapena chizindikiro cha digito, njira yolankhulirana imagawidwa mu njira yolumikizirana ya analogi ndi njira yolumikizirana digito.
4, malinga ndi kagulu ka transmission medium
Malinga ndi njira yotumizira mauthenga, njira yolumikizirana imatha kugawidwa munjira yolumikizirana mawaya ndi njira yolumikizirana opanda zingwe. Kuyankhulana kwa mawaya ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito waya (monga mawaya otseguka pamwamba, chingwe cha coaxial, fiber optical, waveguide, etc.) monga njira yotumizira kuti amalize kulankhulana, monga telefoni ya mumzinda, TV ya TV, kuyankhulana kwapansi panyanja. Kulankhulana opanda zingwe kumadalira kufalikira kwa mafunde amagetsi mumlengalenga kuti akwaniritse cholinga chotumizira zidziwitso, monga kufalitsa kwa ionospheric yaifupi-wave, microwave line-of-sight propagation, satellite relay ndi zina zotero.
5, malinga ndi gulu la ogwira ntchito
Malinga ndi ma frequency ogwirira ntchito kapena kutalika kwa zida zoyankhulirana, zimagawidwa kukhala kulumikizana kwa mafunde aatali, kulumikizana kwapakatikati, kulumikizana kwafupipafupi, kulumikizana kwakutali ndi zina zotero.
6, malinga ndi chizindikiro cha multiplexing gulu
Pali mitundu itatu yoyambira yochulukitsira yotumizira ma siginoloji ambiri, omwe ndi ma frequency division multiplexing, magawano a nthawi, ndi ma code division multiplexing. Frequency division multiplexing ndi kupanga ma siginecha osiyanasiyana kukhala ma frequency osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa sipekitiramu. Kuchulukitsa kwa nthawi kumagwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha kwa ma pulse kuti ma signature azitenga nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Code division multiplexing ndikugwiritsa ntchito kabisidwe ka orthogonal kunyamula ma signature osiyanasiyana. Kuchulukitsa kwa magawo pafupipafupi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalankhulidwe achikhalidwe a analogi. Ndi chitukuko cha kulumikizana kwa digito, kugawa nthawi kuchulukitsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Code division multiplexing imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi mlengalenga kufalikira kwa sipekitiramu yolumikizirana ndi njira yolumikizirana yam'manja. Komanso, pali wavelength division multiplexing, space division multiplexing.