Kulankhulana kwa Fiber-Optic (FTTx) nthawi zonse kumawonedwa ngati njira yodalirika kwambiri yopezera burodibandi pambuyo pa mwayi wofikira ku DSL. Mosiyana ndi kuyankhulana kopotoka wamba, imakhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba ogwiritsira ntchito komanso mphamvu yayikulu (itha kutengera ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amafunikira kukweza mpaka 10-100Mbps), kutsika pang'ono, kusokoneza kwamphamvu kwamagetsi, kutha kwamphamvu kwa anti-electromagnetic pulse, chinsinsi chabwino komanso choncho.
Fiber Broadband Communications (FTTx) imaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolowera monga FTTP (Fiber to the Presise, FiberToThePremise), FTTB (Fiber to Building, FiberToTheBuilding), FTTC (Fiber to Roadside, FiberToTheCurb), FTTN (Fiber to the Neighborhood, FiberToTheNeighborhood), FTTZ (Fiber to the Zone, FiberToTheZone), FTTO (Fiber to Office, FiberToTheOffice), FTTH (Fiber to the Home kapena Fiber to Home, FiberToTheHome).
FTTH ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri kuti CHIKWANGWANI chilowe mnyumba molunjika
Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri apanyumba, FTTH ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Fomu iyi imatha kulumikiza ma fiber optical ndi optical network unit (ONU) molunjika kunyumba. Ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera ma fiber burodibandi kupatula FTTD (fiber to desktop, FiberToTheDesk). mawonekedwe a CHIKWANGWANI mwayi amene ali pafupi kwambiri ndi wosuta.Ndi generalization wa mawonekedwe CHIKWANGWANI burodibandi mwayi, tiyenera kudziŵika kuti panopa FTTH burodibandi kupeza samangotanthauza CHIKWANGWANI kunyumba, ndipo zambiri anatchula CHIKWANGWANI zosiyanasiyana. -Kufikira kunyumba mafomu monga FTTO, FTTD, ndi FTTN.
Kuonjezera apo, owerenga ayenera kumvetsera kusiyana pakati pa ndondomeko yamakono ya "FTTx + LAN (fiber + LAN)" yomwe ilipo panopa pakumvetsetsa FTTH.FTTx + LAN ndi njira yopezera burodibandi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito "100Mbps ku selo kapena nyumba, 1 -10Mbps kupita kunyumba ”pogwiritsa ntchito CHIKWANGWANI + 5 zopindika pair mode -kusinthandi ofesi yapakatikusinthandi optical network unit (ONU) Kulumikizidwa, seloyo imagwiritsa ntchito Category 5 yopotoka pawiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kumatha kufika 1-10Mbps.
Mosiyana ndi dongosolo la bandwidth la banja limodzi la FTTH, bandwidth ya FTTx + LAN imagawidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito angapo kapena mabanja. Pakakhala ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri omwe amagawana nawo, bandwidth kapena liwiro la network la FTTx + LAN ndizovuta kutsimikizira.
FTTH luso muyezo
Pakali pano, zikuwoneka kuti bandwidth-yokha ADSL2 + ndi FTTH akhala mchitidwe waukulu wa burodibandi chitukuko m'tsogolo.Mu luso la FTTH, pambuyo APON (ATMPON), pali panopa GPON (GigabitPON) muyezo opangidwa ndi ITU/ FSAN, ndi miyezo iwiri ya EPON (EthernetPON) yopangidwa ndi IEEE802.3ah ogwira ntchito akupikisana.
Ukadaulo wa GPON ndi mulingo watsopano wa burodibandi passive optical Integrated access standard yotengera mulingo wa ITU-TG.984.x. Bandiwifi yomwe ilipo ndi pafupifupi 1111 Mbit / s. Ngakhale kuti teknolojiyi ndi yovuta, imakhala ndi bandwidth yapamwamba, yogwira ntchito kwambiri, kuphimba kwakukulu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Ubwino wa ma interfaces olemera amawonedwa ndi ena ogwira ntchito ku Europe ndi America ngati matekinoloje abwino ogwiritsira ntchito maukonde a Broadband.
Yankho la EPON lili ndi scalability yabwino ndipo limatha kuzindikira njira zingapo zofikira kunyumba
EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) ndi mtundu watsopano waukadaulo waukadaulo wama fiber access network. Kutumiza kwamphamvu kwa uplink ndi 1000 Mbit / s. Imatengera kapangidwe ka point-to-multipoint komanso kufala kwa fiber fiber, ndipo imatha kupereka mitundu ingapo pa Ethernet. Bizinesiyo imaphatikiza zabwino zaukadaulo wa PON ndi ukadaulo wa Efaneti, wokhala ndi mtengo wotsika, bandwidth yayikulu, scalability yamphamvu, yogwirizana bwino ndi Ethernet yomwe ilipo, komanso kasamalidwe kosavuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Asia, monga China ndi Japan. Zowonjezereka.
Ziribe kanthu kuti PON fiber system imapangidwa ndi chiyaniOLT(Optical Line Terminal, Optical Line Terminal), POS (Passive Optical Splitter),ONU(Optical Network Unit) ndi dongosolo lake loyang'anira maukonde .Zigawozi zimayikidwa ndi ISP installer panthawi yoika, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba nthawi zambiri alibe mikhalidwe yodzikhazikitsa okha.
Chithunzi cha FTTH
Pankhani ya ntchito zinazake, aOLTimayikidwa ku ofesi yapakati ya ISP ndipo ili ndi udindo wogwirizanitsa, kuyang'anira, ndi kukonza njira yolamulira.OLTndiONUakhoza kufika 10-20km kapena kuposa. TheOLTili ndi ntchito yoyambira kuyesa mtunda womveka pakati pa chilichonseONUndiOLT, ndipo motero, aONUakulangizidwa kuti asinthe kuchedwa kwake kwa kufalitsa chizindikiro kuti apange zosiyana. Zizindikiro zoperekedwa ndiONUa mtunda akhoza molondola multiplexed pamodzi paOLT.OLTZida nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ntchito yogawa bandwidth, yomwe imatha kugawa bandwidth yeniyeni ndiOLTmalinga ndi zosowa zaONU. Komanso, aOLTchipangizo ali ndi mfundo-to-multipoint hub Mbali, ndiOLTakhoza kunyamula 32ONU(ndipo akhoza kukulitsidwa pambuyo pake), ndi zonseONUpansi pa aliyenseOLTGawani bandwidth ya 1G kudzera pakugawa nthawi zambiri, ndiye kuti, iliyonseONUikhoza kupereka chapamwamba ndi chotsika Kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi 1 Gbps.
POS passive fiber splitter, splitter kapena splitter, ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwirizanitsaOLTndiONU. Ntchito yake ndikugawira zolowetsa (zotsika) zowunikira ku madoko angapo otulutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito angapo ku One fiber amagawana nawo bandwidth; m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zambiriONUZizindikiro za kuwala zimagawanitsa nthawi kukhala fiber imodzi.
ONUnthawi zambiri imakhala ndi madoko a 1-32 100M ndipo imatha kulumikizidwa ndi ma terminals osiyanasiyana
TheONUndi chipangizo chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi UE kuti apeze wogwiritsa ntchito kapena polowerakusintha. Ulusi umodzi wa Optical ukhoza kuchulukitsa nthawi zambiriONUku modziOLTdoko kupyolera mu mpatuko wa kuwala kwapang'onopang'ono.Chifukwa cha mfundo-to-multipoint tree topology, ndalama za chipangizo chophatikizira zimachepetsedwa, ndipo mulingo wa netiweki umamvekanso bwino.ONUzipangizo zili ndi zinakusinthantchito. Mawonekedwe a uplink ndi mawonekedwe a PON. Iwo chikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe bolodi laOLTchipangizo kudzera kungokhala chete kuwala ziboda. Kutsika kumalumikizidwa kudzera pa 1-32 100-Gigabit kapena Gigabit RJ45 madoko. Zida za data, mongamasiwichi, Broadbandma routers, makompyuta, mafoni a IP, mabokosi apamwamba, ndi zina zotero, zimathandizira kuyika kwa malo-to-multipoint.
Momwe mungalumikizire m'banja
Mwambiri, FTTH mpaka theONUzida za terminal zidzapereka mawonekedwe osachepera anayi 100M RJ45. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi makompyuta anayi olumikizidwa ndi makhadi ochezera a waya, amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zamakompyuta angapo omwe amagawana intaneti kunyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, pa ma netiweki a FTTH ogwiritsa ntchito IP yamphamvu, ogwiritsa ntchito amathanso kulumikizanamasiwichikapena ma AP opanda zingwe pakukulitsa mawaya ndi ma waya opanda zingwe ngati pakufunika.
Broadband yamakonoma routersakhoza mwangwiro kuthandiza FTTH kupeza njira
Kwa ma terminals a FTTH omwe amangopereka mawonekedwe a 100M RJ45 pogwiritsa ntchito IP yokhazikika, amatha kuwonjezedwa ndi burodibandi.rautakapena opanda zingwerauta.Mu zoikamo, basi mu WEB zoikamo mawonekedwe arauta, pezani njira ya "WAN port", sankhani mtundu wa kulumikizana kwa doko la WAN ngati "static IP", ndiyeno lowetsani adilesi ya IP ndi subnet yoperekedwa ndi ISP mu mawonekedwe otsatirawa. Chigoba, chipata ndi adilesi ya DNS zili bwino.
Komanso, ogwiritsa anagula burodibandima routerskapena opanda zingwema routersayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati akusinthakapena opanda zingwe AP mu netiweki ya FTTH. Samalani mfundo zotsatirazi mukakhazikitsa: Kugwiritsa ntchito wayarautangati akusinthakapena opanda zingwe AP, ikani pulagi yopotoka kuchokera kuONUchipangizo mwachindunji mu mawonekedwe aliwonse pa doko LAN rauta. Patsamba loyang'anira larauta, zimitsani ntchito ya seva ya DHCP yotsegulidwa mwachisawawa.Khalani adilesi ya IP yarautandiONUchipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito IP yosinthika ngati gawo la netiweki lomwelo.
Popeza fiber access imapereka bandwidth yopanda malire, Fiber to the Home (FTTH) imadziwika kuti "mfumu" ya nthawi ya Broadband ndipo ndicho cholinga chachikulu cha chitukuko cha Broadband. Chingwecho chikaperekedwa kunyumba, liwiro la intaneti la wogwiritsa ntchito litha kuwonjezekanso kwambiri. Zimangotenga masekondi angapo kuti mutsitse kanema wa DVD wa 500MB, womwe ndi wothamanga kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa yankho la ADSL lomwe lilipo pano. Ndi kutsika kosalekeza kwa mtengo wa FTTH erection, kuwala kwa nyumba kukusuntha kuchoka kumaloto kupita ku zenizeni.