Kukula kwa ma module olumikizana opanda zingwe: ma network a 5G, ma module a 25G / 100G ndizomwe zikuchitika.
Kumayambiriro kwa 2000, maukonde a 2G ndi 2.5G anali akumangidwa, ndipo kugwirizana kwa siteshoni kunayamba kudula kuchokera ku zingwe zamkuwa kupita ku zingwe zowala. Poyamba, 1.25G SFP optical modules anagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiyeno 2.5G SFP modules anagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ntchito yomanga maukonde a 3G idayamba mu 2008-2009, ndipo kufunikira kwa ma base station optical module adalumphira ku 6G.
Mu 2011, dziko lapansi linalowa mu ntchito yomanga maukonde a 4G, ndi ma modules akuluakulu a 10G omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu prequel.
Pambuyo pa 2017, idasintha pang'onopang'ono ku maukonde a 5G ndikulumphira ku ma module a 25G / 100G. Netiweki ya 4.5G (ZTE imayimbira Pre5G) imagwiritsa ntchito ma module owoneka ngati 5G.
Kuyerekeza kwa 5G network zomangamanga ndi 4G network zomangamanga: Mu nthawi ya 5G, onjezani gawo lotumizira, zikuyembekezeka kuti kufunikira kwa ma module owoneka kudzakwera.
Netiweki ya 4G imachokera ku RRU kupita ku BBU kupita kuchipinda chapakati pakompyuta. Munthawi ya network ya 5G, ntchito za BBU zitha kugawidwa ndikugawidwa kukhala DU ndi CU. RRU yoyambirira kupita ku BBU ndi ya fronthaul, ndipo BBU kuchipinda chapakati pakompyuta ndi ya backhaul. Kuchokera pa chiphaso.
Momwe BBU imagawidwira imakhudza kwambiri gawo la optical. M'nthawi ya 3G, ogulitsa zida zapakhomo ali ndi mipata ndi mayiko ena. Mu nthawi ya 4G, iwo ali ofanana ndi mayiko akunja, ndipo nthawi ya 5G ikuyamba kutsogolera. Posachedwapa, Verizon ndi AT & T adalengeza kuti ayamba malonda a 5G m'zaka za 19, chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomo kuposa China. Izi zisanachitike, makampaniwa amakhulupirira kuti ogulitsa ambiri adzakhala Nokia Ericsson, ndipo pamapeto pake Verizon adasankha Samsung. Kukonzekera kwathunthu kwa zomangamanga za 5G ku China ndizolimba, ndipo ndi bwino kuneneratu zina. Masiku ano, imayang'ana kwambiri msika waku China.
5G kutsogolo kwa gawo lotumizira kuwala: Mtengo wa 100G ndi wapamwamba, pakali pano 25G ndiyo yaikulu
Onse awiri fronthaul 25G ndi 100G adzakhala pamodzi. Mawonekedwe pakati pa BBU ndi RRU mu nthawi ya 4G ndi CPRI. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira za bandwidth za 5G, 3GPP ikupereka mawonekedwe atsopano a eCPRI. Ngati mawonekedwe a eCPRI akugwiritsidwa ntchito, zofunikira za bandwidth za mawonekedwe a fronthaul zidzakanikizidwa ku 25G, motero kuchepetsa mtengo wa optical Transmission.Zoonadi, kugwiritsa ntchito 25G kudzabweretsanso mavuto ambiri. Ndikofunikira kusuntha ntchito zina za BBU kupita ku AAU kuti mupeze zitsanzo za ma sign ndi kupsinjika. Zotsatira zake, AAU imakhala yolemera komanso yayikulu. AAU imapachikidwa pansanja, yomwe ili ndi ndalama zambiri zokonzekera komanso zoopsa zapamwamba. Akuluakulu, opanga zida akhala akugwira ntchito kuti achepetse AAU ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi, kotero akuganizanso za 100G zothetsera kuchepetsa AAU. Ngati mitengo ya 100G Optical module imatha kuchepetsedwa bwino, opanga zida azikondabe mayankho a 100G.
5G Yapakatikati: Zosankha za module ya Optical ndi kuchuluka kwa zofunikira zimasiyana kwambiri
Ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochezera pa intaneti. Pansi pa maukonde osiyanasiyana, kusankha ndi kuchuluka kwa ma module owoneka kumasiyana kwambiri. Makasitomala ayika zofunikira za 50G, ndipo tidzayankha mwachangu pazosowa zamakasitomala.
5G Backhaul: Coherent Optical Module
The backhaul idzagwiritsa ntchito ma module ophatikizika owoneka bwino okhala ndi mawonekedwe opitilira 100G. Akuti 200G yogwirizana imawerengera 2/3 ndi 400G yogwirizana ndi 1/3. Kuchokera kutsogolo kupita pakatikati kupita kumbuyo kupita kumbuyo, imasinthasintha pang'onopang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa ma modules optical omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popita kumbuyo ndi ochepa kuposa a pass pass, koma mtengo wa unit ndi wapamwamba.
Tsogolo: lingakhale dziko la tchipisi
Zopindulitsa zachilengedwe za chip zidzapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri mu module. Mwachitsanzo, MACOM posachedwapa yakhazikitsa chipangizo choyamba chophatikizira cha monolithic cha makina ang'onoang'ono a 100G optical transceivers, zingwe zogwira ntchito (AOC) ndi injini zowunikira. Tumizani ndi kulandira mayankho. MALD-37845 yatsopano imaphatikiza njira zinayi zotumizira ndikulandila ntchito za CDR (CDR), ma transimpedance amplifiers (TIA), ndi madalaivala anayi owoneka bwino a laser (VSCEL) kuti apatse makasitomala Kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kosayerekezeka komanso kutsika kwambiri. mtengo.
MALD-37845 yatsopano imathandizira mitengo yonse ya data kuchokera ku 24.3 mpaka 28.1 Gbps ndipo imapangidwira CPRI, 100G Ethernet, 32G Fiber Channel, ndi 100G EDR ntchito zopanda malire za bandwidth. Idzapatsa makasitomala njira yochepetsera mphamvu ya single-chip ndipo ndi compact optical Ideal Ideal for components. MALD-37845 imathandizira kugwirizanitsa ndi ma lasers osiyanasiyana a VCSEL ndi ma photodetectors, ndipo firmware yake imagwirizana ndi mayankho a MACOM akale.
"Optical module ndi opereka AOC ali pampanipani kwambiri chifukwa amafunika kuthandiza makasitomala kuti agwirizane ndi 100G yaikulu," anatero Marek Tlalka, mkulu wamalonda wamagulu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ku MACOM. "Timakhulupirira kuti MALD-37845 ikhoza kuthana ndi kuphatikizika ndi zovuta zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimachokera kuzinthu zamtundu wamitundu yambiri ndikupereka mayankho ogwira mtima kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito 100G kwakanthawi kochepa."
MACOM's MALD-37845 100G single-chip yankho tsopano ndi zitsanzo kwa makasitomala ndipo ikuyenera kuyamba kupanga mu theka loyamba la 2019.