Mapangidwe oyambira a kuwala kwa fiber

Ulusi wopanda kanthu wa ulusi wa kuwala nthawi zambiri umagawika m'magulu atatu: pachimake, chotchinga ndi zokutira.

Pachimake CHIKWANGWANI ndi cladding amapangidwa galasi ndi osiyana refractive indexes, pakati ndi mkulu refractive index galasi pachimake (germanium-doped silica), ndipo pakati ndi otsika refractive index silika galasi cladding (woyera silika). Kuwala kumalowa mu ulusi pa ngodya yeniyeni ya zochitika, ndipo kutulutsa kwathunthu kumachitika pakati pa ulusi ndi kuphimba (chifukwa chiwerengero cha refractive cha cladding ndichotsika pang'ono kusiyana ndi pachimake), kotero chimatha kufalikira mu fiber.

Ntchito yaikulu ya zokutira ndi kuteteza CHIKWANGWANI kuwala kwa kunja kuwonongeka, pamene kuwonjezera kusinthasintha kwa kuwala CHIKWANGWANI. Monga tanena kale, pachimake ndi zomangira zimapangidwa ndi galasi ndipo sizingapindike komanso kufooka. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chophimba chophimba kumateteza ndikutalikitsa moyo wa ulusi.

Chosanjikiza cha m'chimake chakunja chimawonjezeredwa ku ulusi wosabala. Kuphatikiza pa kuteteza, sheath yakunja yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kusiyanitsa ulusi wosiyanasiyana wa kuwala.

CHIKWANGWANI kuwala amagawidwa mu single mode CHIKWANGWANI (Single mumalowedwe CHIKWANGWANI) ndi multimode CHIKWANGWANI (Multi mumalowedwe CHIKWANGWANI) malinga ndi akafuna kufala. Kuwala kumalowa mu ulusi pa ngodya yeniyeni ya zochitika, ndipo kutulutsa kwathunthu kumachitika pakati pa ulusi ndi zophimba. Pamene m'mimba mwake muli waung'ono, njira imodzi yokha ya kuwala imaloledwa kudutsa, ndiko kuti, chingwe chamtundu umodzi; pamene fiber m'mimba mwake ndi yaikulu, kuwala kumaloledwa. Jekiseni ndi kufalitsa pamakona angapo a zochitika, nthawi ino amatchedwa multimode fiber.

Mawonekedwe a kufala kwa CHIKWANGWANI

Ulusi wa kuwala uli ndi mikhalidwe iwiri yopatsirana: kutayika ndi kubalalitsidwa. Kutayika kwa ulusi wa kuwala kumatanthawuza kuchepetsedwa kwa unit kutalika kwa ulusi wa kuwala, mu dB/km. Mulingo wa kutayika kwa kuwala kwa fiber kumakhudza mwachindunji mtunda wotumizira wa optical fiber communication system kapena mtunda pakati pa ma relay station. Kubalalika kwa CHIKWANGWANI kumatanthawuza kuti chizindikiro chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi ulusi chimanyamulidwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana afupipafupi ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, komanso kuthamanga kwa magawo osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso magawo osiyanasiyana amachitidwe osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatsogolera kupotoza kwazizindikiro.

Kubalalika kwa CHIKWANGWANI kumagawidwa kukhala kubalalitsidwa kwakuthupi, kufalikira kwa ma waveguide ndi kufalikira kwa modal. Mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya kubalalitsidwa imayamba chifukwa chakuti siginecha simakhala pafupipafupi, ndipo kubalalitsidwa kwamtundu womaliza kumayambitsidwa ndi chizindikirocho kuti si njira imodzi. Chizindikiro si mode limodzi chomwe chingayambitse kubalalitsidwa kwa mode.

Ulusi wamtundu umodzi uli ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wofunikira, ndiye kuti pamakhala kubalalitsidwa kwakuthupi ndi kufalikira kwa ma waveguide, ndipo palibe kubalalitsidwa kwa modal. Multimode fiber imakhala ndi inter-mode dispersion. Kubalalika kwa ulusi wa kuwala sikumangokhudza mphamvu yotumizira ya kuwala kwa fiber, komanso kumachepetsanso mtunda wa relay wa optical fiber communication system.

Single mode fiber

Single-mode Fiber (Single Mode Fiber), kuwala kumalowa mu ulusi pa ngodya inayake, ndipo kutulutsa kwathunthu kumachitika pakati pa ulusi ndi zotchingira. M'mimba mwake ikafupikitsidwa, njira imodzi yokha ya kuwala imaloledwa kudutsa, ndiko kuti, chingwe chamtundu umodzi; Pakatikati pagalasi pakatikati pa fiber mode ndi woonda kwambiri, mainchesi ake nthawi zambiri amakhala 8.5 kapena 9.5 μm, ndipo amagwira ntchito pa 1310 ndi 1550 nm wavelengths.

Multimode fiber

Multi-mode fiber (Multi Mode Fiber) ndi CHIKWANGWANI kuti amalola angapo motsogozedwa mode kufala. Chigawo chapakati cha fiber multimode nthawi zambiri chimakhala 50μm/62.5μm. Chifukwa mainchesi apakati a fiber multimode ndi yayikulu, imatha kuloleza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwala kufalikira pa ulusi umodzi. Mafunde amtundu wa multimode ndi 850nm ndi 1300nm motsatana. Palinso mulingo watsopano wa fiber multimode wotchedwa WBMMF (Wideband Multimode Fiber), womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mafunde pakati pa 850nm ndi 953nm.

Ulusi wamtundu umodzi komanso ulusi wamitundu yambiri uli ndi mainchesi a 125 μm.

Ulusi wamtundu umodzi kapena ulusi wamitundu yambiri?

Mtunda wotumizira

Kuchepa kwa ulusi wamtundu umodzi kumapangitsa kuti kuwalako kukhale kolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwala kwamtundu umodzi kuyende bwino, kotero kuti kuwalako kumayenda motalikirapo. Kuwala kumadutsa pachimake, kuchuluka kwa zowunikira kumachepa, kumachepetsa kuchepetsedwa ndikupangitsa kuti zizindikilo zichuluke. Chifukwa alibe inter-mode kubalalitsidwa kapena ang'onoang'ono inter-mode kubalalitsidwa, single-mode fiber akhoza kufalitsa 40 makilomita kapena kupitirira popanda kukhudza chizindikiro. Chifukwa chake, ulusi wamtundu umodzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza deta mtunda wautali ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani olumikizirana matelefoni ndi othandizira ma TV ndi mayunivesite, ndi zina zambiri.

Multimode fiber imakhala ndi mainchesi okulirapo ndipo imatha kutumiza kuwala mosiyanasiyana. Mu kufalitsa kwamitundu yambiri, chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwapakati, kubalalitsidwa kwapakati-mode kumakhala kwakukulu, ndiko kuti, chizindikiro cha kuwala "chimafalikira" mofulumira. Mawonekedwe azizindikiro adzachepetsedwa pakadutsa maulendo ataliatali, kotero kuti fiber yamitundu yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mtunda waufupi, ma audio / makanema ndi ma network amderalo (LANs), ndi OM3 / OM4 / OM5 fiber multimode imatha kuthandizira kwambiri. -kutumiza kwa data mwachangu.

Bandwidth, mphamvu

Bandwidth imatanthauzidwa ngati kuthekera konyamula chidziwitso. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza kukula kwa gulu la optical fiber transmission ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe kubalalitsidwa kwa modal ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kubalalika kwa fiber ya single-mode ndi yaying'ono, kotero imatha kufalitsa kuwala mu gulu lafupipafupi kwa mtunda wautali. Popeza ulusi wamitundu yambiri udzatulutsa kusokoneza, kusokoneza ndi mavuto ena ovuta, siwofanana ndi fiber yamtundu umodzi mu bandwidth ndi mphamvu. Mbadwo waposachedwa wa multi-mode fiber bandwidth OM5 wakhazikitsidwa ku 28000MHz/km, pomwe bandwidth ya fiber single-mode ndi yayikulu kwambiri.