M'makampani opanga mauthenga, ma modules optical ndi omwe amawonekera kwambiri. Amakhala ndi kukula kosiyanasiyana kwa thupi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ma tchanelo ndi kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kumasiyana kwambiri. Momwe ma module awa amapangidwira, makhalidwe awo ndi chiyani, ndipo zinsinsi zonse zili muyeso.
Miyezo yakale yoyikamo monga GBIC, XPAK, X2, ndi Xenpak idzanyalanyazidwa, ndipo mphamvu yayikulu idzayang'ana pamiyezo yamphamvu kapena yatsopano, yomwe idzawunikidwa m'munsimu.
SFF Standardization Organization: SFF (yaing'ono mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono phukusi) bungwe lokhazikika linakhazikitsidwa mu August 1990. Poyamba linapanga ma disk 2.5-inch disk drives ndikufalikira kumadera ena mu November 1992. Pakalipano, SFF yakhala yofala kwambiri komanso yopambana. muyezo wa module m'munda wa ma CD optical module. Miyezo ya Optical module yopangidwa ndi SFF makamaka imaphatikizapo SFP / QSFP / XFP.
SFP muyezo
SFP (yaing'ono mawonekedwe-factor Pluggable), banja laling'ono lopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Ethernet, fiber channel, Wireless CPRI, SONET: imatanthawuza phukusi la SFP la njira imodzi kuchokera ku 1Gb / s mpaka 28Gb / s yomwe iyenera kukhala motsatira Standard, kapangidwe kake kakuwonetsedwa pachithunzi pansipa. Poyamba panali chikalata cholengeza, monga SFF-8402 yomwe ikufunsidwa SFP28, SFF-8083 yomwe idapangidwa ndi SFP10 (chiwerengero chomwe chili kumapeto chimayimira kuchuluka kwa kufalikira, SFP10 nthawi zambiri imalembedwa ngati SFP + tsopano), chikalata cholengezachi chimanena zomwe zimafunikira luso. adatchula Zofunikira zaukadaulo zomwe zatchulidwazi palimodzi zimapanga mulingo wofunikira wa gawoli.
Mndandanda waukadaulo wa SFP makamaka umaphatikizapo:
SFF-8432, imatanthawuza kukula kwa gawoli (makamaka kukula kwa kuyika), mphamvu yolumikizira, ndi tsatanetsatane wa khola la module.
SFF-8071 imatanthawuza cholumikizira cha makhadi pa bolodi la HOST ndi kutsata chala chagolide cha boardboard ya module.
SFF-8433, imatanthauzira ma module angapo mbali ndi mbali ndi EMI shrapnel specifications.
SFF-8472, imatanthawuza kukumbukira kwa ma module ndi mafotokozedwe a kasamalidwe ka matenda.
SFF-8431 imatanthawuza mphamvu zamagetsi, ma siginecha amagetsi otsika kwambiri (mizere yolumikizirana), ma siginecha othamanga kwambiri, nthawi, komanso kukumbukira kuwerenga ndi kulemba.
Chifukwa chiwongola dzanja cha SFP chikukulirakulira, mawonekedwe a siginecha othamanga kwambiri mu SFF8431 sagwira ntchito ku SFP16 / 28, kotero SFF-8431 pambuyo pake idagawika kukhala SFF-8418 ndi SFF-8419. SFF-8418 imatanthauzira 10Gb / s mawonekedwe amagetsi othamanga kwambiri. Pazofunikira za mawonekedwe apamwamba pamwamba pa 10Gb / s, onani Fiber Channel. SFF-8419 imatanthauzira mwachindunji zinthu zina kupatula ma siginecha othamanga kwambiri mu SFF-8431, omwe ndi oyenera ma module onse a SFP.
Chifukwa chake, akatswiri opanga ma module a SFP ayenera kudziwa bwino SFP-8431. Ngati ndinu munthu amene amapanga ma PCB, kulemba mapulogalamu, kapena kuyesa, SFF-8472, SFF-8418, ndi SFF-8419 ayenera kuzidziwa.
QSFP muyezo
QSFP (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable), transceiver ya miniaturized plugable transceiver yokhala ndi njira zinayi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu Infiniband, Ethernet, Fiber Channel, OTN, SONET protocol family: QSFP ikweza SFP yanjira imodzi kukhala njira zinayi zokhala ndi voliyumu yokhayo. ndi kuwirikiza kawiri. Kwa kukula komwekokusintha, mphamvu yosinthira ya QSFP ndi nthawi 2.67 kuposa ya SFP. Protocol ya QSFP idafotokozedwa koyamba ndi INF-8438i, kenako idasinthidwa kukhala SFF-8436,
ndiyeno SFF-8436 idagawika m'magawo angapo kuti afotokoze komanso kutanthauzira. Zomangamanga tsopano zikufanana ndi SFP:
Mafotokozedwe aukadaulo a QSFP makamaka amaphatikiza:
SFF-8679, imatanthawuza chizindikiro chothamanga kwambiri, chizindikiro chotsika kwambiri, mphamvu zamagetsi, nthawi ya module, ndikutanthauzira mawonekedwe a kuwala ndi kukoka mtundu wa mphete.
SFF-8636, imatanthawuza zambiri zamakumbukidwe, kuwerenga kukumbukira ndi kulemba ntchito.
SFF-8661, imatanthawuza kukula kwa gawoli, kukula kwa chala chagolide ndi tsatanetsatane wa kuyika ndikuchotsa mphamvu ya module.
SFF-8662 ndi SFF-8663 amatanthauzira khola ndi cholumikizira (mtundu A) wa gawo la QSFP28.
SFF-8672 ndi SFF-8683 amatanthauzira makola ndi zolumikizira (mtundu B) wa gawo la QSFP28.
SFF-8682 ndi SFF-8683 amatanthauzira makola ndi zolumikizira za QSFP14 ndi ma module ochepera.
Zina zowonjezera za QSFP zitha kuwonedwa mu Infiniband protocol. (InfiniBand TM ArchitectureSpecification Volume)
XFP muyezo
XFP (10 Gb / s Small Form Factor Pluggable module, pomwe X imayimira 10 mu manambala achiroma ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa SONET OC-192, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, ndi fiber channel) protocol family: XFP idafotokozedwa koyambirira ndi XFP MSA ndipo pambuyo pake idatumizidwa ku bungwe la SFF kuti lifalitsidwe. Protocol ya XFP ikuphatikiza SFF-8477 ndi INF-8077.
Protocol ya INF8077 imatanthawuza kukula, mawonekedwe a magetsi, chidziwitso cha kukumbukira, kulamulira kulankhulana ndi matenda a XFP module (protocol imaphatikizapo mbali zonse za module). SFF-8477 imakongoletsedwa makamaka pakuwongolera kusintha kwa mafunde.
Mtengo wa CXP
CXP (12x Small Form-factor Pluggable, 12-channel pluggable phukusi laling'ono, pomwe C imayimira 100G, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku Infiniband, fiber channel, Ethernet) protocol imayendetsedwa makamaka ndi bungwe la Infiniband.
Annex A6 120 Gb / s 12x Small Form-factor pluggable (CXP) InterfaceSpecification for Cables, Active Cables & Transceivers imapereka mafotokozedwe onse a CXP (atha kutsitsa kwaulere pa www.infinibandta.org). Kuphatikiza apo, bungwe la SFF limayang'anira zikopa za zishango ndi mipata yamakhadi a CXPs amitundu yothamanga.
SFF-8617 Mini Multilane 12X Shielded Cage / Connector 12 channel CXP khola ndi module board slot specifications.
SFF-8642 EIA-965 Mini Multilane 10 Gb / s 12X Shielded Cage / Connector (CXP10) 12x10Gb / s CXP module cage ndi module board slot specifications.
SFF-8647 Mini Multilane 14 Gb / s 12X Shielded Cage / Connector (CXP14) 12x14Gb / s CXP module khola ndi module board slot specifications.
SFF-8648 Mini Multilane 28 Gb / s 12X Shielded Cage / Connector (CXP28) 12x28Gb / s CXP module khola ndi module board slot specifications.
microQSFP (miniaturized QSFP), protocol multidimensional yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 2015, ndi njira za 4 monga QSFP, koma kukula kwake ndi kukula kwa module ya SFP, ndipo imathandizira 25G ndi 50G (PAM4 modulation) mitengo ya njira. Kupyolera mu mapangidwe a zipsepse zowononga kutentha pa nyumba ya module, imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotentha. "Micro QUAD SMALL SMALL FORM-FACTOR PLUGGABLE FOUR CHANNEL PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER, HOST CONNECTOR, & CAGE ASSEMBLY FORM FACTOR" amafotokoza za micro-QSFP.
CFP phukusi
Kupatula phukusi la SFP ndi QSFP, CFP iyenera kukhala yodziwika bwino kwambiri yopangira ma module optical. C mu CFP imayimira 100 mu wotchi ya manambala a Chiroma, kotero CFP imayang'ana kwambiri ntchito ndi mlingo wa 100G (kuphatikizapo 40G) ndi pamwamba.
Banja la CFP makamaka limaphatikizapo CFP / CFP2 / CFP4 / CFP8, pomwe CFP8 idakalipobe.
Mosiyana ndi ziwerengero zowonjezera 10 ndi 28 kumbuyo kwa QSFP, zomwe zimayimira kalasi yothamanga, ziwerengero zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa CFP zimayimira mbadwo watsopano, wokhala ndi kukula kwakukulu (kupatula CFP8) ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono.
Pamene phukusi la CFP lidakonzedweratu, zinali zovuta mwaukadaulo kukwaniritsa mlingo umodzi wa 25Gb / s, kotero kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe amagetsi a CFP iliyonse kumatanthauzidwa ngati mulingo wa 10Gb / s, ndipo 40G ndi 40G zidakwaniritsidwa kudzera mu 4x10Gb / s ndi 10x10Gb. / s zolumikizira zamagetsi. 100G module liwiro. Kukula kwa gawo la CFP ndi lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti limatha kuyika ntchito zambiri pa bolodi la amayi mu gawoli kuti amalize [ASIC (SerDes)]. Pamene liwiro la njira iliyonse kuwala sagwirizana ndi liwiro la dera, mukhoza kumaliza kutembenuka kwa mlingo kudzera m'mabwalo awa (Gear box) Mwachitsanzo, doko la kuwala 4X25Gb / s limasinthidwa kukhala doko lamagetsi 10x10Gb / s.
Kukula kwa CFP2 ndi theka chabe la CFP. Mawonekedwe amagetsi amatha kuthandizira 10Gb / s imodzi, kapena 25Gb / s kapena 50Gb / s. Kupyolera mu 10x10G, 4x25G, 8x25G, ndi 8x50G magetsi opangira magetsi, 100G / 200G / 400G ma modules angapezeke.
Kukula kwa CFP4 kumachepetsedwa kufika theka la CFP2. Mawonekedwe amagetsi amathandizira 10Gb / s ndi 25Gb / s imodzi, ndipo liwiro la gawo la 40G / 100G limapezeka kudzera mu 4x10Gb / s ndi 4x25Gb / s. Ma modules a CFP4 ndi QSFP ndi ofanana kwambiri, onse ali ndi njira zinayi, ndipo onse amathandizira 40G ndi 100G; kusiyana kwake ndikuti ma modules a CFP4 ali ndi ntchito zowongolera zamphamvu komanso zazikulu zazikulu (izi ndizovuta pazolumikizana zazitali kwambiri), ndipo zimatha kuthandizira ntchito zazikulu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, chifukwa cha liwiro lapamwamba pamwamba pa 25Gb / s ndi zochitika zapamtunda wautali (zimafuna kulamulira kutentha kwa TEC, kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zambiri), ubwino wa ma modules a CFP4 pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kumatha kuwonetsedwa.
Choncho, kuyankhulana kwa data mtunda waufupi kwenikweni ndi dziko la QSFP; kwa mapulogalamu a 100G-LR4 10km, CFP4 ndi QSFP28 amagawidwa mofanana.
Miyezo ya banja la CFP ikuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi chotsatirachi: muyezo uliwonse uli ndi mafayilo a 3, omwe "CFPx MSA Hardware Specification Revision" ndi fayilo ya pulogalamu, yomwe imalongosola mwachidule lingaliro la gawo, kayendetsedwe ka module, mawonekedwe a magetsi, kukula kwa makina, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, cheat Slots ndi zina, zolemba zina ziwirizo zimatanthauzira miyeso yamakina.
CFP MSA ilinso ndi mfundo ziwiri zaumisiri, PIN Allocation REV.25 imatchula tanthauzo la pini, ndi "CFP MSA Management Interface Specification" imatanthawuza kulamulira kwa gawo ndikulembetsa zambiri.
Mawonekedwe amagetsi othamanga kwambiri a module ya CFP amadalira kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo amalozera ku CAUI, XLAUI, ndi CEI-28G / 56G mawonekedwe amagetsi mu IEEE802.3.
CFP8 ndi phukusi lopangidwira 400G, ndipo kukula kwake kuli kofanana ndi CFP2. Mawonekedwe amagetsi amathandizira kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe a 25Gb / s ndi 50Gb / s, ndipo amakwaniritsa liwiro la 400G module kudzera pa 16x25G kapena 8 × 50 pamagetsi. CFP8 ndi Cholinga chokha, palibe mulingo wovomerezeka wotsitsa anthu onse.
CDFP MSA inakhazikitsidwa mu 2013, ndipo muyezo wa CDFP womwe adatulutsa unali woyamba 400G optical module packaging standard. Panthawiyo, mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi anali 25Gb / s (OIF-CEI-28G-VSR), kotero CDFP inangopanga mayendedwe 16, ndikumaliza gawo la 400G kudzera pa 16x25G, ndipo idangoyang'ana mwachidule. ntchito zosiyanasiyana zosakwana 2km.
Ngati madoko amagetsi a njira 16 akonzedwa motsatizana, voliyumuyo idzakhala yayikulu kwambiri, motero gawo la CDFP lidangotenga matabwa awiri a PCB pamodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a MPO16 padoko la kuwala. Module yonse ikuwoneka yonenepa kwambiri! Malinga ndi makonzedwe a madoko owoneka ndi magetsi, pali magawo atatu a ma module onse.
Muyezo waposachedwa wa CDFP ndi: "400 Gb / s (16 X 25 GB / s) PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER Rev 3.0 ″ yomwe imatanthawuza mawonekedwe amagetsi, mawonekedwe owongolera, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, gawo / kagawo / kukula kwa khola la CDFP module, EMI / ESD zokhudzana nazo. Masiku ano, PAM4 ndiyotentha kwambiri, akuti phukusili limayesedwa kwambiri.
Muyezo waposachedwa kwambiri womwe umathandizira 400G uyenera kukhala QSFP-DD. Bungweli linakhazikitsidwa mu February 2016 ndipo linatulutsa ndondomeko yaposachedwa kwambiri ya "QSFP DOUBLE DENSITY 8X PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER Rev 1.0″ mu September 2016. QSFP-DD ndi kukula kwake mofanana ndi QSFP (chifukwa chakuti pali mzere wowonjezera wa mabwalo, pang'ono pang'ono yaitali). Kusintha kwakukulu ndikuwonjezera mawonekedwe amagetsi a QSFP kuchokera anayi mpaka asanu ndi atatu ndikuthandizira 50Gb / s channel rate 8X50 ndi 400G). Mawonekedwe amagetsi a QSFP-DD amagwirizana ndi QSFP, koma osati mosemphanitsa.
Zokambirana pamwambapa zonse ndi ma module a 100G ndi 400G. Tiyeni tiwone CSFP yofikirika. Ngakhale mulingo waposachedwa wa CSFP ndi "mafotokozedwe a SFP" omwe adatulutsidwa mu 2009, siwochikale konse. Campact imatanthawuza kuphatikizika kwambiri kuposa ma module a SFP optical, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ma tchanelo kumatha kukonzedwanso mosavuta. CSFP imatanthauzira mitundu itatu: 1CH campact SFP, 2CH campact SFP option1, ndi 2CH campact SFP option2.
Kupaka ukadaulo wakuda CFP2-ACO
Pomaliza, tiyeni tiwone ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wakuda mumiyezo yopaka ma module optical: CFP2-ACO. Imatanthauzidwa makamaka ndi OIF ndipo imatchula miyeso ya makina a CFP2. Kumbuyo ACO kumatanthauza analogi coherent Optical module. Makamaka imakhala ndi laser yopapatiza yofikira m'lifupi mwake, modulitsa, komanso cholandila chogwirizana. DSP (digito ya digito processing) imayikidwa kunja kwa module. Module iyi ndi yodabwitsa. Ndi ukadaulo wosinthira wa DP-QPSK ndi DP-xQAM, kuchuluka kwa mafunde amodzi kumatha kupitilira 100Gb / s, ndipo mtunda wotumizira ukhoza kupitilira 2000km.