Mavuto ndi mayankho omwe amakumana nawo pakuyika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma transceivers opangira ma fiber
Gawo loyamba: choyamba muwone ngati kuwala kowonetsera kwa transceiver ya fiber optical kapena optical module ndi kuwala kwa doko lopindika kuli koyaka?
1. Ngati chizindikiro cha kuwala (FX) cha A transceiver chilipo ndipo chizindikiro cha optical port (FX) cha B transceiver sichilipo, cholakwikacho chili kumbali ya A transceiver: chotheka chimodzi ndi: Transceiver (TX) kutumiza kwa kuwala Doko ndiloipa chifukwa doko la kuwala (RX) la B transceiver sililandira chizindikiro cha kuwala; Kuthekera kwina ndi: pali vuto ndi ulalo wa ulusi uwu wa doko lotumizira la A transceiver (TX), monga jumper yosweka.
2. Ngati chizindikiro cha FX cha transceiver chazimitsidwa, chonde onetsetsani kuti ulalo wa fiber ndi wolumikizidwa? Mapeto amodzi a fiber jumper amalumikizidwa munjira yofananira; mapeto enawo alumikizidwa munjira yodutsa.
3. Chizindikiro chokhotakhota (TP) chazimitsidwa, chonde onetsetsani kuti kulumikizana kopotoka ndikolakwika kapena kulumikizidwa kolakwika? Chonde gwiritsani ntchito tester tester kuti muzindikire (komabe, chizindikiro chopindika cha ma transceivers ena chiyenera kudikirira chingwe cha fiber Optical Kuwala mumsewu utalumikizidwa).
4. Ma transceivers ena ali ndi madoko awiri a RJ45: (ToHUB) akuwonetsa kuti mzere wolumikizira kukusinthandi mzere wowongoka; (ToNode) ikuwonetsa kuti mzere wolumikizira kukusinthandi crossover line.
5. Makina ena opangira tsitsi amakhala ndi MPRkusinthapa mbali: zikutanthauza kuti kugwirizana mzere kwakusinthandi njira yowongoka; DTEkusintha: kugwirizana kwa mzere kukusinthandi njira yodutsa.
Khwerero 2: Unikani ndi kuweruza ngati pali vuto ndi ma fiber jumpers ndi zingwe za fiber optic?
1. Kuzindikira kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kugwirizana kwa fiber: gwiritsani ntchito nyali ya laser, kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi zina zotero kuti muwunikire mbali imodzi ya fiber jumper; muwone ngati pali kuwala kowoneka kumbali inayo? Ngati pali kuwala kowoneka, zimasonyeza kuti fiber jumper si yosweka.
2. Kuzindikira chingwe cholumikizira ndi kulumikizidwa: gwiritsani ntchito tochi ya laser, kuwala kwa dzuwa, thupi lowala kuti muwunikire mbali imodzi ya cholumikizira chingwe cholumikizira kapena cholumikizira; muwone ngati pali kuwala kowoneka kumapeto kwina? Ngati pali kuwala kowonekera, zimasonyeza kuti chingwe cha kuwala sichinaswe.
Khwerero 3: Kodi njira ya theka/yonse yaduplex ndiyolakwika?
Ma transceivers ena ali ndi FDXmasiwichikumbali: duplex yodzaza; Zithunzi za HDXmasiwichi: half duplex.
Khwerero 4: Yesani ndi mita yamagetsi yamagetsi
Mphamvu yowala ya optical fiber transceiver kapena optical module pansi pazikhalidwe zachilendo: multimode: pakati pa -10db-18db; single-mode 20 km: pakati -8db–15db; single-mode 60 km: pakati -5db–12db; Ngati mphamvu yowala ya optical fiber transceiver ili pakati pa: -30db-45db, ndiye titha kuweruzidwa kuti pali vuto ndi transceiver iyi.
Zinthu zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro cha optical fiber transceiver
Pofuna kuphweka, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe ka mafunso ndi mayankho, omwe angawoneke pang'onopang'ono.
1. Kodi transceiver ya kuwala yokha imathandizira full-duplex ndi half-duplex?
Tchipisi zina pamsika zitha kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhala ndi duplex pakadali pano, ndipo sizingathandizire theka-duplex. Mwachitsanzo, ngati olumikizidwa ku zopangidwa zina zamasiwichi(SINTHA) kapena ma hub sets (HUB), ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito theka-duplex mode, idzayambitsa mikangano yayikulu ndi kutayika kwa paketi.
2. Kodi mwayesa kulumikizana ndi ma transceivers ena a fiber?
Pakadali pano, pali ma transceivers ochulukirachulukira a fiber optic pamsika. Ngati kugwirizana kwa ma transceivers amitundu yosiyanasiyana sikunayesedwe kale, kungayambitsenso kutayika kwa paketi, nthawi yayitali yotumizira, komanso mwachangu komanso pang'onopang'ono.
3. Kodi pali chida chachitetezo choletsa kutayika kwa paketi?
Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama, opanga ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolembera deta kuti achepetse ndalama. Choyipa chachikulu cha njirayi ndikuti kufalitsa kumakhala kosakhazikika komanso kutayika kwa paketi. Zabwino kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka mzere wa bafa, womwe ndi wotetezeka Pewani kutayika kwa paketi ya data.
4. Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha?
Optical fiber transceiver yokha imatulutsa kutentha kwakukulu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutentha kukakhala kokwera kwambiri (osapitirira 50 ° C), kaya transceiver ya fiber optical ikugwira ntchito bwino ndi chinthu choyenera kuganizira makasitomala!
5. Kodi zimakwaniritsa mulingo wa IEEE802.3u?
Ngati transceiver optical fiber ikugwirizana ndi IEEE802.3 muyezo, ndiko kuti, nthawi yochedwa imayendetsedwa pa 46bit, ngati idutsa 46bit, zikutanthauza kuti mtunda wotumizira wa transceiver optical fiber udzafupikitsidwa.
Chidule ndi mayankho azovuta zomwe zimachitika pa fiber optic transceivers
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma transceivers a fiber optic, koma njira yodziwira zolakwika ndiyofanana. Mwachidule, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika mu fiber optic transceivers ndi izi:
1. Nyali yamagetsi yazimitsidwa, magetsi ndi olakwika;
2. Kuwala kwa Link kwazimitsidwa, ndipo vuto lingakhale motere:
a. Onani ngati mzere wa fiber optical wathyoka
b. Yang'anani ngati kutayika kwa mzere wa fiber ndikokulirapo ndipo kupitilira kuchuluka kwa zida zolandirira
c. Onani ngati mawonekedwe a fiber alumikizidwa molondola, TX yakumaloko imalumikizidwa ndi RX yakutali, ndipo TX yakutali imalumikizidwa ndi RX yakumaloko.
d. Onani ngati cholumikizira cha fiber chaikidwa mu mawonekedwe a chipangizocho, ngati mtundu wodumphira ukufanana ndi mawonekedwe a chipangizocho, ngati mtundu wa chipangizocho ukufanana ndi ulusi wa kuwala, komanso ngati kutalika kwa chipangizocho kumagwirizana ndi mtunda.
3. Kuwala kwa Circle Link kwazimitsidwa, ndipo cholakwikacho chingakhale motere:
a. Onani ngati chingwe cha netiweki chasweka;
b. Onani ngati mtundu wa kulumikizana ukufanana: makadi a netiweki ndima routersgwiritsani ntchito zingwe zowoloka, ndimasiwichi, malo ndi zipangizo zina zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zowongoka;
c. Yang'anani ngati kufala kwa chipangizocho kumagwirizana;
4. Kutayika kwa paketi ya netiweki ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo zolephera zomwe zingatheke ndi izi:
a. Doko lamagetsi la transceiver silikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a chipangizo cha netiweki, kapena mawonekedwe aduplex a mawonekedwe a chipangizo kumapeto onse awiri.
b. Ngati pali vuto ndi awiri opotoka ndi mutu wa RJ-45, fufuzani
c. Vuto kugwirizana kwa CHIKWANGWANI, kaya kulumphira kumagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a chipangizocho, komanso ngati pigtail ikufanana ndi mtundu wa jumper ndi coupler.
5. Pambuyo polumikizana ndi fiber transceiver, mapeto awiriwa sangathe kulankhulana
a Ulusi wa kuwala umasinthidwa, ndipo ulusi wa kuwala wolumikizidwa ndi TX ndi RX umasinthidwa.
b. Mawonekedwe a RJ45 samalumikizidwa bwino ndi chipangizo chakunja (zindikirani kuwongolera ndi kuphatikizika)
Mawonekedwe a fiber optical (ceramic ferrule) samafanana. Cholakwika ichi chimawonetsedwa makamaka mu 100M transceiver yokhala ndi photoelectric mutual control function. The photoelectric mutual control transceiver alibe zotsatira.
6. Chochitika chapa-off
a. Zitha kukhala kuti kuchepetsedwa kwa njira ya kuwala ndikokulirapo. Panthawiyi, mphamvu ya kuwala ya mapeto olandira ikhoza kuyesedwa ndi mita ya mphamvu ya kuwala. Ngati ili pafupi ndi gawo lolandila, imatha kuonedwa ngati kulephera kwa njira mkati mwa 1-2dB.
b. Thekusinthacholumikizidwa ndi transceiver chikhoza kukhala cholakwika. Panthawi imeneyi, akusinthaimasinthidwa ndi PC, ndiko kuti, ma transceivers awiriwa amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi PC, ndipo malekezero awiriwa amaphatikizidwa ndi PING.
c. Transceiver ikhoza kukhala yolakwika. Panthawiyi, gwirizanitsani malekezero awiri a transceiver ku PC (osadutsakusintha). Pambuyo pa mapeto awiriwa alibe vuto ndi PING, tumizani fayilo yaikulu (100M) kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto. Yang'anirani Kuthamanga kwake, ngati liwiro liri pang'onopang'ono (kupitirira mphindi 15 kuti fayilo isamutsidwe pansi pa 200M), ikhoza kuweruzidwa ngati kulephera kwa transceiver.
d. Kulankhulana kumasokonekera pakapita nthawi, ndiko kuti, kulankhulana kumalephera, ndipo kumabwerera mwakale pambuyo poyambiranso.
Chodabwitsa ichi nthawi zambiri chimayamba chifukwa chakusintha. Thekusinthaidzachita kuzindikira zolakwika za CRC ndikuyang'ana kutalika kwa deta yonse yolandiridwa, ndipo onetsetsani kuti paketi yolakwika idzatayidwa, ndipo paketi yolondola idzatumizidwa. fufuzani. Mapaketi oterowo sadzatumizidwa kapena kutayidwa panthawi yotumiza, ndipo adzaunjikana mu cache yamphamvu. Mu (buffer), sichingatumizidwe konse. Pamene buffer yadzaza, imayambitsakusinthakugwa. Chifukwa kuyambitsanso transceiver kapena kuyambiransokokusinthapa nthawi imeneyi akhoza kubwezeretsa kulankhulana mwakale, owerenga zambiri amaganiza kuti ndi vuto transceiver.
8. Njira yoyesera ya transceiver
Ngati mukuwona kuti pali vuto ndi kulumikizana kwa transceiver, chonde yesani motsatira njira zotsatirazi kuti mudziwe chomwe chalephereka.
a. Mayeso akuyandikira:
Makompyuta pa malekezero onse awiri akhoza ping, ngati akhoza pinged, izo zimatsimikizira kuti palibe vuto ndi fiber optic transceiver. Ngati mayeso oyandikira kumapeto akulephera kuyankhulana, amatha kuweruzidwa ngati kulephera kwa fiber transceiver.
b Mayeso akutali:
Makompyuta kumapeto onse awiri amalumikizidwa ku PING. Ngati PING sichipezeka, muyenera kuyang'ana ngati njira yolumikizira kuwala ndi yachilendo komanso ngati mphamvu yotumizira ndi kulandira ya transceiver ya optical fiber ili mkati mwazovomerezeka. Ngati ikhoza kukhala pinged, imatsimikizira kuti kugwirizana kwa kuwala ndikwachilendo. Ikhoza kuweruzidwa kuti cholakwika chiri pakusintha.
c. Mayeso akutali kuti muwone cholakwika:
Choyamba gwirizanitsani mbali imodzi ndikusinthandi malekezero awiri ku PING. Ngati palibe cholakwika, chikhoza kuweruzidwa ngati cholakwa cha winayokusintha.
Mavuto omwe nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa amawunikidwa pansipa kudzera mu funso ndi mayankho
Malinga ndi kukonza kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zovuta za ogwiritsa ntchito, ndiwafotokozera mwachidule m'modzi ndi m'modzi mwamafunso ndi mayankho, ndikuyembekeza kubweretsa thandizo kwa ogwira ntchito yosamalira, kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa cholakwikacho molingana ndi cholakwikacho, fotokozani cholakwikacho. mfundo, ndi “konza mankhwala”.
1. Q: Ndi kugwirizana kotani komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene doko la transceiver RJ45 likugwirizanitsidwa ndi zipangizo zina?
Yankho: Doko la RJ45 la transceiver limalumikizidwa ndi khadi yapaintaneti ya PC (DTE data terminal zida) pogwiritsa ntchito zopindika, ndikulumikizidwa ndi HUB kapenaSINTHA(zida zoyankhulirana za data za DCE) pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopotoka zofananira.
2. Q: Chifukwa chiyani kuwala kwa TxLink kuzimitsidwa?
Yankho: 1. Zopotoka molakwika zilumikizidwa; 2. Mutu wa kristalo wokhotakhota sugwirizana bwino ndi chipangizocho kapena khalidwe lazopotoka lokha; 3. Chipangizocho sichimalumikizidwa bwino.
3. Q: Nchifukwa chiyani kuwala kwa TxLink sikukunyezimira koma kumakhalabe pambuyo poti fiber ilumikizidwa bwino?
Yankho: 1. Mtunda wotumizira nthawi zambiri umakhala wautali kwambiri; 2. Kugwirizana ndi khadi la intaneti (lolumikizidwa ndi PC).
4. Q: Chifukwa chiyani kuwala kwa FxLink kuzimitsidwa?
Chingwe cha fiber chimalumikizidwa molakwika, njira yolumikizira yolondola ndi TX-RX, RX-TX, kapena fiber mode ndiyolakwika;
Mtunda wotumizira ndi wautali kwambiri kapena kutayika kwapakati kumakhala kwakukulu, kupitilira kutayika mwadzina kwa mankhwalawa. Yankho lake ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse kutaya kwapakati kapena m'malo mwake ndi transceiver yotalikirapo yotumizira.
Kutentha kwa ntchito ya optical fiber transceiver ndikokwera kwambiri.
5. Q: Nchifukwa chiyani kuwala kwa FxLink sikumangirira koma kumakhalabe pambuyo poti fiber ilumikizidwa bwino?
Yankho: Vutoli limayamba chifukwa mtunda wotumizira ndi wautali kwambiri kapena kutayika kwapakati kwakukulu, kupitilira kutayika mwadzina kwa mankhwalawa. Yankho lake ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwapakati kapena m'malo mwake ndi transceiver yotalikirapo yotumizira.
6. Q: Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati nyali zisanu zonse zayatsidwa kapena chizindikirocho chili chabwinobwino koma chosatha kufalitsa?
Yankho: Nthawi zambiri, mutha kuzimitsa mphamvu ndikuyambiranso kuyambiranso.
7. Q: Kodi kutentha kozungulira kwa transceiver ndi kotani?
Yankho: Optical fiber module imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kozungulira. Ngakhale ili ndi dera lodzipangira lodziwikiratu, kutentha kutatha kupitirira malire ena, mphamvu yowonongeka ya optical module imakhudzidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa, motero imafooketsa khalidwe la chizindikiro cha optical network ndikupangitsa kuti paketi iwonongeke. kulumikiza ulalo wa kuwala; (nthawi zambiri kutentha kwa optical fiber module kumatha kufika 70 ℃). yomwe imadutsa malire apamwamba a kutalika kwa chimango cha transceiver ya kuwala ndipo imatayidwa ndi iyo, kusonyeza kutayika kwa paketi yapamwamba kapena yosapambana.
Pazipita kufala unit, general IP paketi pamwamba ndi 18 byte, ndi MTU ndi 1500 mabayiti; tsopano opanga zida zoyankhulirana zapamwamba ali ndi ma protocol amkati amkati, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana ya paketi, amawonjezera paketi ya IP pamutu, ngati deta ili mawu 1500 Pambuyo pa paketi ya IP, kukula kwa paketi ya IP kupitilira 18 ndikutayidwa) , kotero kuti kukula kwa paketi yofalitsidwa pa mzere kumakumana ndi malire a chipangizo cha intaneti pa kutalika kwa chimango. 1522 mabayiti a mapaketi amawonjezeredwa VLANtag.
9. Q: Chisisi chikagwira ntchito kwa nthawi ndithu, n’chifukwa chiyani makhadi ena amalephera kugwira ntchito bwino?
Yankho: Mphamvu yoyambira ya chassis imatenga njira yolumikizirana. Kusakwanira kwa malire amagetsi ndi kutayika kwa mizere yayikulu ndizovuta zazikulu. Chassis ikagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, makhadi ena sangathe kugwira ntchito bwino. Makhadi ena akatulutsidwa, makhadi otsalawo amagwira ntchito bwino. Chassis itatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, cholumikizira makutidwe ndi okosijeni chimayambitsa kutayika kwakukulu kwa cholumikizira. Mphamvu yamagetsi iyi imagwera kuposa malamulo. Kusiyanasiyana kofunikira kungapangitse khadi la chassis kukhala lachilendo. Ma diode amphamvu kwambiri a Schottky amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzipatula ndikuteteza mphamvu ya chassiskusintha, kusintha mawonekedwe a cholumikizira, ndi kuchepetsa kutsika kwa magetsi chifukwa cha dera lolamulira ndi cholumikizira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuperewera kwa mphamvu kwa magetsi kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi osungirako asungidwe kukhala abwino komanso otetezeka, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pazofunikira za nthawi yayitali yosasokonezeka.
10. Q: Kodi ma alarm a ulalo omwe amaperekedwa pa transceiver ali ndi ntchito yotani?
Yankho: Transceiver ili ndi ntchito yolumikizira alamu (linkloss). Chingwe chikalumikizidwa, chimangobwerera ku doko lamagetsi (ndiko kuti, chizindikiro chomwe chili padoko lamagetsi chidzatulukanso). Ngati ndikusinthaali ndi kasamalidwe ka netiweki, zidzawonetsedwa kukusinthanthawi yomweyo. Network management software.