Zonse ziwiri za chizindikiro ndi phokoso mukulankhulana zitha kuonedwa ngati njira zachisawawa zomwe zimasintha ndi nthawi.
Mchitidwe wachisawawa uli ndi zizindikiro za kusintha kwachisawawa ndi ntchito ya nthawi, zomwe zingathe kufotokozedwa kuchokera kuzinthu ziwiri zosiyana koma zogwirizana kwambiri: (1) Njira yowonongeka ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito zopanda malire; (2) Kuchita mwachisawawa ndi mndandanda wazinthu zosinthika mwachisawawa.
Ziwerengero zamachitidwe osasintha zimafotokozedwa ndi momwe amagawa kapena kuthekera kwake kachulukidwe. Ngati ziwerengero zomwe zimachitika mwachisawawa sizidalira nthawi yoyambira, zimatchedwa njira yokhazikika.
Nambala ndi njira ina yabwino yofotokozera zochitika mwachisawawa. Ngati tanthauzo la ndondomekoyi ndi losalekeza ndipo ntchito ya autocorrelation R(t1,t1+τ)=R(T), ndondomekoyi imanenedwa kukhala yokhazikika.
Ngati ndondomekoyi ili yosasunthika, ndiye kuti iyenera kukhala yosasunthika, ndipo mosemphanitsa izo siziri zoona.
Ndondomeko ndi yokhazikika ngati nthawi yake ikufanana ndi chiwerengero chofananira cha ziwerengero.
Ngati ndondomekoyi ndi ya ergodic, ndiye kuti imayima, ndipo mosiyana sizowona.
Ntchito ya autocorrelation R(T) ya njira yokhazikika yokhazikika ndi ntchito yofanana ya kusiyana kwa nthawi r, ndipo R(0) ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu zonse zapakati ndipo ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa R(τ). Kuchulukitsitsa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu Pξ(f) ndiko kusintha kwa Fourier kwa autocorrelation function R(ξ) (Wiener - Sinchin theorem). Kusinthaku kumatsimikizira ubale wosinthika pakati pa madera a nthawi ndi ma frequency domain. Kugawidwa kwa kuthekera kwa njira ya Gaussian kumamvera kugawa kwanthawi zonse, ndipo kufotokozera kwake kwathunthu kumafunikira manambala ake okha. Kugawika kwa kuthekera kwa mbali imodzi kumadalira kokha tanthauzo ndi kusiyana, pamene kugawidwa kwa mbali ziwiri kumadalira makamaka ntchito yogwirizanitsa. Njira ya Gaussian ikadali njira ya Gaussian pambuyo pakusintha kwa mzere. Ubale pakati pa ntchito yogawa bwino ndi gawo la Q(x) kapena erf(x) ndiwothandiza kwambiri pakuwunika magwiridwe antchito oletsa phokoso pamakina olumikizirana pakompyuta. Pambuyo pokhazikika mwachisawawa ξi(t) ikadutsa mu liniya, njira yake yotulutsa ξ0(t) imakhalanso yokhazikika.
Makhalidwe owerengera a njira yocheperako yamagulu ocheperako komanso phokoso la sine-wave kuphatikiza gulu lopapatiza la Gaussian ndiloyenera kuwunikira njira zochulukirachulukira mu modulation system/bandpass system/kulumikizana opanda waya. Kugawa kwa Rayleigh, Kugawa kwa Mpunga ndi kugawa kwanthawi zonse ndi magawo atatu odziwika bwino pakulankhulana: envelopu ya sinusoidal chonyamulira chizindikiro kuphatikiza phokoso lopapatiza la Gaussian nthawi zambiri limagawika Mpunga. Pamene matalikidwe a siginecha ndi akulu, amakonda kugawa bwino. Pamene matalikidwe ali ochepa, ndi pafupifupi Rayleigh kugawa.
Phokoso loyera la Gaussian ndi chitsanzo chabwino chowunikira phokoso lowonjezera la njira, ndipo gwero lalikulu la phokoso mukulankhulana, phokoso lotentha, ndilo phokoso lamtunduwu. Makhalidwe ake pa nthawi ziwiri zosiyana ndi zosagwirizana ndipo zimadziimira payekha. Phokoso loyera litadutsa mu dongosolo lopanda bandi, zotsatira zake zimakhala phokoso lopanda bande. Phokoso loyera lotsika pang'ono ndi phokoso loyera la band-pass ndizofala pakuwunika kwamalingaliro.
Pamwambapa ndi "mwachisawawa ndondomeko kulankhulana dongosolo" nkhani anabweretsedwa kwa inu ndi Shenzhen HDV Phoelectron Technology LTD., ndipo HDV ndi kampani okhazikika mu kuwala kulankhulana monga zida waukulu kupanga, kupanga kampaniyo :ONU mndandanda, kuwala gawo mndandanda,Zithunzi za OLT, mndandanda wa transceiver ndiwotentha kwambiri wazinthu.
