Chidule ndi mayankho azovuta zomwe zimachitika mu fiber optic transceivers
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma transceivers a fiber, koma njira yodziwira zolakwika ndiyofanana. Mwachidule, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika mu fiber transceiver ndi izi:
1.Kuwala kwamphamvu kwazimitsidwa, kulephera kwamagetsi;
2.Kuwala kwa Link sikuunikira. Kulakwa kungakhale motere:
a. Onani ngati chingwe cha fiber ndi chotseguka
b. Chongani ngati chingwe cha fiber ndi chachikulu kwambiri ndipo chikuposa kuchuluka kwa chipangizocho.
c. Onetsetsani kuti mawonekedwe a fiber ndi olumikizidwa bwino. TX yakomweko imalumikizidwa ndi RX yakutali, ndipo TX yakutali imalumikizidwa ndi RX yakomweko.
d. Onani ngati cholumikizira CHIKWANGWANI chalowetsedwa moyenerera mu mawonekedwe a chipangizocho, ngati mtundu wodumphira ukufanana ndi mawonekedwe a chipangizocho, ngati mtundu wa chipangizocho ukufanana ndi ulusi, komanso ngati kutalika kwa chipangizocho kumagwirizana ndi mtunda.
3.Kuwala kwa Link kwa dera sikuyatsidwa. Kulakwa kungakhale motere:
a. Onani ngati chingwe cha netiweki chatseguka;
b. Onani ngati mtundu wa kulumikizana ukufanana: zida monga makhadi a netiweki ndima routerskugwiritsa ntchito ma cross-waya,masiwichi, malo, ndi zina zotero, pogwiritsa ntchito mizere yowongoka;
c. Chongani ngati chipangizo kufala mlingo chikufanana;
4.Kutayika kwa paketi ya netiweki ndikowopsa, ndipo cholakwikacho chingakhale motere:
a. Doko lamagetsi la transceiver limalumikizidwa ndi chipangizo cha netiweki, kapena mawonekedwe a duplex a mawonekedwe a zida ziwirizi sagwirizana.
b. Zopotoka awiri ndi RJ-45 mutu ali ndi mavuto, fufuzani
c. Vuto la kugwirizana kwa CHIKWANGWANI, kaya jumper ikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a chipangizo, kaya pigtail ikufanana ndi jumper ndi mtundu wa coupler.
5.Ma fiber transceivers sangathe kuyankhulana pambuyo poti malekezero awiri agwirizanitsidwa.
a. Chingwecho chimasinthidwa, ndipo ulusi wolumikizidwa ku TX ndi RX umasinthidwa.
b. Mawonekedwe a RJ45 sanalumikizidwe bwino ndi chipangizo chakunja (zindikirani molunjika ndi spliced)
Mawonekedwe a fiber (ceramic ferrule) samafanana. Cholakwika ichi chimawonetsedwa makamaka mu transceiver ya 100M yokhala ndi ntchito yowongolera ma photoelectric. Ngati pigtail ya APC ferrule chikugwirizana ndi transceiver wa PC ferrule, izo sangathe kulankhula bwinobwino. Photoelectric intercommunication transceiver ilibe mphamvu.
6. Chochitika chosokoneza nthawi
a. Kungakhale kuchepetsedwa kwambiri kwa njira ya kuwala. Panthawiyi, mphamvu ya kuwala ya mapeto olandira ikhoza kuyesedwa ndi mita ya mphamvu ya kuwala. Ngati ili pafupi ndi gawo lolandila, imatha kuonedwa ngati kulephera kwa njira mkati mwa 1-2dB.
b. Thekusinthacholumikizidwa ndi transceiver chikhoza kukhala cholakwika. Pankhaniyi, akusinthaimalowetsedwa ndi PC, ndiko kuti, ma transceivers awiriwa amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi PC, ndipo malekezero awiriwa amalumikizidwa ndi PING. Ngati ndikusinthaakulephera,kusinthazitha kutsimikiziridwa kukhala cholakwa chakusintha.
c. Kungakhale kulephera kwa transceiver. Pankhaniyi, gwirizanitsani transceiver ku PC mbali zonse ziwiri (osati kupyolera mukusintha). Pambuyo pa mapeto onse awiri alibe vuto ndi PING, tumizani fayilo yaikulu (100M) kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto, ndikuwona kuthamanga kwake. Ngati liwiro liri pang'onopang'ono (mafayilo osakwana 200M amatumizidwa kwa mphindi zoposa 15), transceiver akhoza kuweruzidwa kuti ndi olakwika.
d. Pambuyo pa nthawi yolankhulana, makompyuta amawonongeka, ndiko kuti, sangathe kulankhulana, ndipo amabwerera mwakale atangoyambiranso.
Chodabwitsa ichi nthawi zambiri chimayamba chifukwa chakusintha. Thekusinthaimapanga kuzindikira zolakwika za CRC ndikuwunika kutalika kwa data yonse yolandilidwa. Imafufuza kuti paketi yomwe ili ndi cholakwikacho idzatayidwa ndipo paketi yolondola idzatumizidwa. Mapaketi oterowo sadzatumizidwa panthawi yotumiza ndipo sadzatayidwa. Adzasonkhanitsidwa mu cache yamphamvu. (buffer), sichingatumizedwe kunja, dikirani mpaka buffer itadzaza, imayambitsakusinthakugwa.Chifukwa kuyambitsanso transceiver kapena kuyambitsansokusinthapa nthawi ino akhoza kubwezeretsa kulankhulana mwakale, wosuta kawirikawiri amaganiza kuti ndi vuto ndi transceiver.
7.Transceiver test njira
Ngati muwona kuti pali vuto ndi kulumikizana kwa transceiver, chonde yesani motere kuti mudziwe chomwe chalephereka.
a. Mayeso akuyandikira:
Mapeto onse a kompyuta kupita ku PING, ngati mungathe PING通, ndiye tsimikizirani kuti transceiver ya fiber si vuto. Ngati mayesero oyandikira mapeto sangathe kuyankhulana, akhoza kuweruzidwa kuti transceiver optical ndi yolakwika.
b. Mayeso akutali:
Ngati kompyuta kumbali zonse ziwiri sizikugwirizana ndi PING, ngati PING sichipezeka, iyenera kuyang'ana ngati kugwirizana kwa njira ya kuwala ndi yachibadwa komanso ngati mphamvu yotumizira ndi kulandira ya transceiver ya kuwala ili mkati mwazovomerezeka. Ngati PING yadutsa, imatsimikizira kuti njira ya kuwala imagwirizanitsidwa bwino. Mutha kuzindikira kuti vuto lili pakusintha.
c. Mayeso akutali kuti muwone komwe walephera:
Choyamba gwirizanitsani mbali imodzi ndikusintha, ndipo onse amathera ku PING. Ngati palibe cholakwika, chingaganizidwe ngati kulephera kwa winakusintha.
Mavuto olakwika amathetsedwa ndi funso ndi mayankho
Malinga ndi kukonza kwatsiku ndi tsiku ndi zovuta za ogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zafotokozedwa mwachidule ndikufotokozedwa m'mafunso ndi mayankho, ndikuyembekeza kubweretsa thandizo kwa ogwira ntchito yokonza, kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa vutolo, kuti apeze cholakwika, "mankhwala oyenera .”
1.Q: Ndi kugwirizana kotani komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene doko la transceiver RJ45 likugwirizanitsidwa ndi zipangizo zina?
A: Doko la RJ45 la transceiver limalumikizidwa ndi netiweki ya PC (DTE data terminal zida) pogwiritsa ntchito crossover yopotoka, ndi HUB kapenaSINTHA(zida zoyankhulirana za data za DCE) zimagwiritsa ntchito zopindika zofanana.
2.Q: Nchifukwa chiyani kuwala kwa TxLink sikuyatsidwa?
Yankho: (1). Zopotoka molakwika zimalumikizidwa;
(2). Mutu wa kristalo wopotoka uli ndi kukhudzana kosauka ndi zipangizo, kapena khalidwe lopotoka lokha;
(3). Zida sizikulumikizidwa bwino.
3.Q: Kodi nchifukwa ninji nyali ya TxLink siimayaka koma nthawi zonse imakhalapo pambuyo poti fiber ilumikizidwa bwino?
Yankho: 1.Zolakwa nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa cha mtunda wotumizira kukhala wautali kwambiri.
2. Vuto lolumikizana ndi khadi lamaneti (lolumikizidwa ndi PC).
4.Q: Nchifukwa chiyani kuwala kwa FxLink sikuyatsidwa?
Chingwe cha fiber optic chimalumikizidwa molakwika, ndipo njira yolumikizira yolondola ndi TX-RX, RX-TX, kapena njira ya fiber ndiyolakwika;
Mtunda wotumizira ndi wautali kwambiri kapena kutayika kwapakati kumakhala kwakukulu, kupitilira kutayika mwadzina kwa chinthucho. Yankho lake ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse kutaya kwapakati kapena m'malo mwake ndi transceiver yokhala ndi mtunda wautali wotumizira.
Kutentha kwake kwa fiber optic transceiver ndikokwera kwambiri.
5.Q: Nchifukwa chiyani kuwala kwa FxLink sikumawomba koma kuwala kumakhala nthawi zonse pambuyo poti fiber ilumikizidwa bwino?
Yankho: Vutoli limadza chifukwa chakuti mtunda wotumizira ndi wautali kwambiri kapena kutayika kwapakati kumakhala kwakukulu, kupitilira kutayika mwadzina kwa chinthucho. Yankho lake ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwapakati kapena m'malo mwake ndi transceiver yokhala ndi mtunda wautali wotumizira.
6.Q: Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati magetsi asanu ali onse kapena chizindikirocho ndi chachilendo koma chosasunthika?
A: Nthawi zambiri, magetsi amazimitsidwa ndikuyambiranso.
7.Q: Kodi kutentha kozungulira kwa transceiver ndi kotani?
Yankho: Gawo la fiber optic limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kozungulira. Ngakhale ili ndi gawo lake lodzipangira lokha lodzipeza, kutentha kutatha kupitirira malire ena, mphamvu ya kuwala ya optical module imakhudzidwa ndi kuchepa, yomwe imachepetsa mphamvu ya chizindikiro cha optical network ndipo imayambitsa kutayika kwa paketi. Mlingo umakwera ndipo ngakhale kutulutsa ulalo wa kuwala; (ma module a fiber optic amatha kugwira ntchito pa kutentha mpaka 70° C).
8.Q: Kodi n'zogwirizana ndi protocol yakunja ya chipangizo?
A: Monga 10/100Mkusintha, transceiver ya 10/100M ya kuwala imakhala ndi malire ena pautali wa chimango, kawirikawiri osapitirira 1522B kapena 1536B. Pamene akusinthaolumikizidwa ku ofesi yapakati amathandizira ma protocol ena apadera (monga Cisco's ISL) Paketi yapaketi imachulukitsidwa (mtengo wapaketi wa ISL wa Cisco ndi 30 Bytes), womwe umaposa malire apamwamba a kutalika kwa chimango cha fiber transceiver ndipo amatayidwa. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kutayika kwa paketi ndikokwera kapena ayi. Pankhaniyi, MTU ya chipangizo cholumikizira iyenera kusinthidwa. Chigawo chachikulu chotumizira, pamwamba pa phukusi lonse la IP ndi 18 bytes, ndipo MTU ndi 1500 bytes. Tsopano opanga zida zoyankhulirana zapamwamba ali ndi ndondomeko zamkati zamkati, zomwe zimatengera paketi yosiyana, yomwe idzawonjezera pamwamba pa mapaketi a IP. Ngati deta ili 1500 byte, kukula kwa paketi ya IP kudzakhala kupitirira 18 paketi ya IP itatayidwa. Kukula kwa paketi kumakwaniritsa malire a chipangizo cha netiweki pautali wa chimango. Phukusi la 1522 byte lawonjezeredwa ku tag ya VLAN.
9.Q: Pambuyo poyendetsa galimotoyo kwa nthawi yayitali, nchifukwa ninji makadi ena sakugwira ntchito bwino?
A: Mphamvu yoyambira ya chassis imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana. Kusakwanira kwa malire amagetsi ndi kutayika kwa mizere yayikulu ndizovuta zazikulu.
Chassis ikagwira ntchito bwino kwakanthawi, makhadi ena sangagwire bwino. Makhadi ena akatulutsidwa, makhadi otsalawo amagwira ntchito bwino. Pambuyo pakugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali kwa chassis, cholumikizira makutidwe ndi okosijeni chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwamagulu. Mphamvu yamagetsi iyi imagwera kuposa malamulo. Mtundu wofunikira ukhoza kupangitsa kuti khadi la chassis likhale losazolowereka.Kusintha kwamagetsi kwa chassis kumatetezedwa ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ya Schottky diode kuti ipangitse mawonekedwe a cholumikizira ndi kuchepetsa kutsika kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha dera lolamulira ndi cholumikizira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi osungirako asungidwe kukhala abwino komanso otetezeka, ndipo amachititsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwa nthawi yayitali yosasokonezeka.
10.Q: Kodi ntchito ya alamu yolumikizira yoperekedwa pa transceiver ndi yotani?
A: Transceiver ili ndi ntchito yolumikizira alamu (linkloss). Chingwe china chikagwetsedwa, chimangobwerera ku doko lamagetsi (ndiko kuti, chizindikiro chomwe chili pa doko lamagetsi chidzazimitsidwa).kusinthaali ndi netiweki kasamalidwe kachitidwe, nthawi yomweyo amawonetsa pulogalamu yoyang'anira maukonde akusintha.