Netiweki yamatelefoni yachikhalidwe imatumiza mawu posinthana madera, ndipo ma burodibandi ofunikira ndi 64 k bit/s. Zomwe zimatchedwa VoIP zimachokera ku IP paketi yosinthira maukonde monga njira yotumizira, Chizindikiro cha mawu a analogi ndi wothinikizidwa, wopakidwa ndi mndandanda wazinthu zapadera, kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana kochepa kwa UDP protocol yotumizira.
Zinthu zingapo ndi ntchito zimafunikira kuti mutumize ma siginecha amawu pa netiweki ya IP. Njira yosavuta kwambiri ya netiweki imakhala ndi zida ziwiri kapena zingapo zokhala ndi luso la VoIP zomwe zimalumikizidwa kudzera pa netiweki ya IP.
1, Voice-to-data cokusintha
Chizindikiro cha mawu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa analogi, kudzera pa IP njira yotumizira mawu, Kaya ndi nthawi yeniyeni kapena ntchito yeniyeni. kuwerengedwera ndi 8 kapena 6 bits, kenako kutumizidwa kumalo osungirako zosungirako, kukula kwa buffer kumatha kusankhidwa molingana ndikuchedwa ndi zofunikira zamakhodi. Ma encoder ambiri otsika pang'ono amachokera pamakhodi a chimango.
Kutalika kwa chimango kumayambira 10 mpaka 30ms. Poganizira za mtengo panthawi yotumizira, paketi ya interspeech nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi 60, 120 kapena 240ms ya deta ya mawu. Digitization ingapezekepogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zolembera mawu, chachikulu ndi ITU-T G.711. Makina ojambulira mawu a komwe akupita ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito algorithm yofananayo kuti chida cholankhulira komwe mukupita chibwezeretsenso chizindikiro cha mawu a analogi.
2, deta yoyambirira ku tiye IP kutembenuka
Kamodzi chizindikiro cha kulankhulaal ndi digito encoded, sitepe yotsatira ndi compress ndi encode mawu paketi ndi enieni chimango kutalika. Ma encoder ambiri amakhala ndi kutalika kwake kwa chimango. Ngati encoder imagwiritsa ntchito chimango cha 15ms, phukusi la 60ms kuchokera koyambirira limagawidwa m'mafuremu anayi ndikuyikidwa mwadongosolo. Fungo lililonse lili ndi zitsanzo zolankhula 120 (chiwerengero cha zitsanzo 8 kHz). Pambuyo pa encoding, mafelemu anayi othinikizidwawo amapangidwa kukhala paketi yamawu oponderezedwa ndikutumizidwa mu purosesa ya netiweki. Purosesa ya netiweki imawonjezera mitu ya paketi, masitampu anthawi, ndi zidziwitso zina kumawu ndikuzitumiza pa netiweki kumalo ena omaliza.
Maukonde amawu amangokhazikitsa kulumikizana kwakuthupi (mzere) pakati pa kulumikizana komalizas ndi kutumiza ma encoded ma sign pakati pa ma endpoints. Mosiyana ndi ma netiweki osinthika, maukonde a IP sapanga kulumikizana; m'malo mwake, amafuna kuti deta iyikidwe muzolemba zautali kapena mapaketi, iliyonse yomwe imatumizidwa pa netiweki ndi maadiresi ndi zidziwitso zowongolera ndikutumizidwa kuchokera kusiteshoni kupita komwe ikupita.
3. Kusamutsa
Mu tchanelo ichi, netiweki yonse imawoneka ngati ikulandila paketi ya mawu kuchokera pazolowetsa ndikuzipereka ku netiweki yotulutsa pakapita nthawi (t). t imatha kusiyanasiyana, kuwonetsa jitter pakutumiza kwa netiweki.
Anzanu pa netiweki amawunika ma adilesi omwe ali pa paketi iliyonse ya IP ndikugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi kutumiza datagram ku siteshoni yotsatira panjira yopita komwe ikupita. Ukondeulalo wa ntchito ukhoza kukhala topology kapena njira yolumikizira yomwe imathandizira kuyenda kwa data ya IP.
4, IP phukusi-datkutembenuka
Chipangizo cha VoIP chomwe akupita chimalandira deta ya IP iyi ndikuyamba kukonza. Mulingo wa netiweki umapereka buffer yautali wosiyanasiyana womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera jitter yopangidwa ndi netiweki. Bafa akhozakhalani ndi mapaketi amawu ambiri, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha kukula kwa buffer. Ma buffer ang'onoang'ono amatulutsa kuchedwa pang'ono koma sangathe kuwongolera jitter yayikulu. Kachiwiri, decoder imatsitsa mawu osungidwa kuti apange phukusi latsopano la mawu. Gawoli litha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi chimango, chomwe chimakhala chofanana ndendende ndi decoder.
Ngati chimango kutalika kwake ndi 15ms, mapaketi amawu a 60ms amagawidwa m'mafuremu 4, kenako amasinthidwa kukhala 60ms mawu amtundu wa data ndikutumizidwa ku buffer yosinthira.kutha kwa datagram, chidziwitso cha maadiresi ndi kuwongolera chimachotsedwa, ndipo deta yoyambirira imasungidwa, yomwe imaperekedwa kwa decoder.
5, Digital voice converterkusintha kwa mawu a analogi
Dalaivala wosewera amatulutsa zitsanzo zamalankhulidwe (480) mu buffer ndikuzitumiza ku khadi lamawu, ndikuziwulutsa kudzera mwa wokamba mawu pafupipafupi (mwachitsanzo, 8kHz). Mwachidule, kutumiza kwa ma siginecha amawu pamanetiweki a IP kumadutsa kutembenuka kuchokera ku ma sign a analogi kupita ku ma sign a digito, encapsul.Kusintha kwa mawu a digito mu mapaketi a IP, kutumiza mapaketi a IP kudzera pa netiweki, kutulutsa mapaketi a IP, ndikubwezeretsanso mawu a digito ku ma siginali aanalogi.
VOIP ndi imodzi mwa bizinesi yathu yomwe ndi yaONUmndandanda wazinthu zapaintaneti, ndi zinthu zofunika pa intaneti zamakampani athu zimaphimba mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaONUmndandanda wazinthu, kuphatikiza ACONU/ kulumikizanaONU/ wanzeruONU/ bokosiONU/ madoko awiri a PONONU, ndi zinaONUzogulitsa zingapo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazofunikira pamaneti pazochitika zosiyanasiyana. Takulandilani kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo chazinthu.
