Mafunde a kuwala ndi ma radiation a electromagnetic opangidwa ndi ma elekitironi pakuyenda kwa atomiki. Kuyenda kwa ma elekitironi mu maatomu a zinthu zosiyanasiyana n’kosiyana, choncho mafunde a kuwala kumene amatulutsa ndi osiyananso.
Spectrum ndi chitsanzo cha kuwala kwa monochromatic komwe kumasiyanitsidwa ndi njira yobalalika (monga prism ndi grating) pambuyo pa kuwala kwa polychromatic kulekanitsidwa ndi njira yobalalika, yomwe imakonzedwa motsatana molingana ndi kutalika kwa mafunde (kapena pafupipafupi). Amatchedwa optical spectrum mokwanira.
Poyesa transmitter tosa, nthawi zambiri timaphatikiza chizindikiro, SMSR (Side Mode Suppression Ratio). The chiŵerengero cha pazipita mtengo waukulu mumalowedwe mphamvu kwa mode mode mphamvu amatchedwa mbali mode kupondereza chiŵerengero, amene ndi chizindikiro chofunika cha longitudinal mode ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, poyezera chiŵerengero cha kukana kwa mbali, chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi chikhomo ndi kusanthula mu spectral analyzer. Wopangayo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikiritsa nsonga yapakati yoweyula ndi nsonga yapamwamba kwambiri yachiwiri. Werengani nsonga ziwiri. The mbali mode kukanidwa chiŵerengero ndi mphamvu mlingo kusiyana pakati pa nsonga ziwiri. Itha kuwerengedwa kudzera muzosankha zazing'ono pakusanthula.
Imatanthauzidwa ngati chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yotalikirapo yotalikirapo mphamvu ya kuwala M1 ndi mbali zonse za mphamvu ya kuwala M2 pansi pa kusinthasintha kwathunthu.
Fomula yowerengera ndi:
SMSR=10*lg(M1/M2)
Mu transmitter ya kuwala, nthawi zambiri imanenedwa kuti SMSR ndi yayikulu kuposa 30dB; ndiko kuti, mphamvu ya kuwala ya mode longitudinal chachikulu ndi nthawi 1000 pazipita mbali mode kuwala mphamvu. Kukwera mtengo wa SMSR, m'pamenenso umayikira njira yowunikira. Monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa: SMSR ndi 51dB
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi kufotokozera kwa chidziwitso cha Lightwave chomwe chinabweretsedwa ndi Shenzhen HDV Phoelectron Technology Co., Ltd., yomwe ndi makina opanga mauthenga opangidwa ndi kuwala ndipo imapanga makampani opanga mauthenga. Takulandirani kudzacheza athutsamba mankhwala. Zikomo powerenga nkhaniyi.