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(1) Njira yachitukuko ya 10G PON Technology EPON yolamulidwa ndi IEEE, ndipo GPON yolamulidwa ndi ITU zonse zikusintha mpaka 10 GPON siteji pakali pano ndipo kukonzekera kotsatira ndi 100G PON. Pali kusiyana kwina m'njira zina zachisinthiko, ndi evo yofananira ...

Zomwe zimatchedwa PON network zimakhala ndi magawo atatu: OLT, ODN ndi ONU.Chida cha OLT chili pakatikati pa intaneti. Imapeza mautumiki angapo opita kumtunda ndi ntchito za ogwiritsa ntchito angapo kutsika kudzera mu ODN. Ndi node yofunika kwambiri pa service agg...

Kuwongolera ndi njira yomwe rauta imalandira paketi kuchokera ku mawonekedwe amodzi, imawongolera paketiyo molingana ndi adilesi yomwe ikupita ndikuitumiza ku mawonekedwe ena. Ndi paketi yotumizira chipangizo cha netiweki wosanjikiza chomwe chimagwira gawo lachitatu la OSI refer...

SONET: synchronous optical network, njira yotumizira digito, inayambika ku United States mu 1988. Chizindikiro chamagetsi cha 1 chimatchedwa STS-1, ndipo mlingo wa 1 kuwala umatchedwa OC-1, ndi mlingo wa 51.84Mb /s. Pachifukwa ichi, sinthani kudzera ...

Njira za IPv4 zidakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, kugwiritsa ntchito WWW kunayambitsa kuphulika kwa intaneti. Ndi mitundu yomwe ikuchulukirachulukira yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa ma terminal, kuperekedwa kwa indep yapadziko lonse lapansi ...

Nthawi zina, tingafunike kupanga code yomweyi nthawi zambiri. Kawirikawiri, mawu a pulogalamu amachitidwa motsatizana: chiganizo choyamba mu ntchito chimachitika poyamba, chotsatira chachiwiri, ndi zina zotero. Zilankhulo zopanga mapulogalamu zimapereka maulamuliro angapo...