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Dongosolo la PON limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wogawanitsa nthawi munjira ya uplink, ndipo ONU imatumiza ma datagraphs kupita ku uplink direction molingana ndi sitampu yanthawi yomwe OLT idaperekedwa. ONU ikatulutsa kuwala popanda kuyika sitampu yanthawi, imasemphana ndi ma siginecha ena pa...

Ndi chitukuko cha njira zoyankhulirana zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi mtunda wautali, mphamvu zazikulu, ndi liwiro lapamwamba, makamaka pamene mafunde amodzi amachokera ku 40g mpaka 100g kapena ngakhale super 100g, chromatic dispersion, nonlinear zotsatira, polarization mode dispersion, ndi zotsatira zina zopatsirana. ..

Khodi yozindikira zolakwika (kodi yoyang'ana): cheke chapawiri chimakhala ndi n-1 bit information unit ndi 1 bit check element. N-1 bit information unit ndi data yovomerezeka muzambiri zomwe timatumiza, ndipo 1-bit cheke unit imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zolakwika ndi khodi ya redundancy. Chodabwitsa: ngati n...

Moni, Owerenga. M'nkhaniyi ndikambirana za OSI-Data Link Layer Error Control ndikufotokozera. Tiyeni tiyambire… Kuti timvetsetse kasamalidwe ka ulalo wa data tiyeni titenge chitsanzo, ngati chipangizo A chikufunika kulumikizana ndi chipangizo B, ulalo wolumikizirana ...

Moni Owerenga, M'nkhaniyi tiphunzira za Kuwongolera Zolakwa ndi gulu lowongolera zolakwika. M'kati mwa kufalitsa deta, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya phokoso pa tchanelo, mawonekedwe a mafunde amatha kusokonekera akaperekedwa kwa wolandila, re...

Mu dongosolo la digito logawika ma multiplexing kulankhulana, kuti mulekanitse molondola zizindikiro za nthawi, mapeto otumizira ayenera kupereka chizindikiro choyambira cha chimango chilichonse, ndipo njira yodziwira ndi kupeza chizindikiro ichi pamapeto olandira imatchedwa chimango synchr. .