Nkuko twese tubizi, inganda zikoranabuhanga zimaze kugera kuri byinshi bidasanzwe muri 2018, kandi hazabaho uburyo butandukanye muri 2019, butegerejwe kuva kera. Umuyobozi mukuru w’ikoranabuhanga muri Inphi, Dr. Radha Nagarajan, yizera ko ikigo cyihuta cy’amakuru gihuza Isoko (DCI), kimwe mu bice byinganda zikoranabuhanga, naryo rizahinduka muri 2019. Hano hari ibintu bitatu yiteze ko bizabera mu kigo cyamakuru muri uyu mwaka.
1.Kwangirika kwa geografiya yibigo bizarushaho kuba rusange
Ikoreshwa rya data center risaba infashanyo yumwanya munini wumubiri, harimo ibikorwa remezo nkimbaraga nogukonjesha. Data centre geo-decomposition izagenda iba rusange kuko bizagenda bigorana kubaka ibigo binini, bikomeza, binini binini.Ibice ni urufunguzo muri metero nkuru. uturere aho ibiciro byubutaka biri hejuru. Umuyoboro munini wa interineti ni ngombwa kugirango uhuze aya makuru.
DCI-Ikigo：Ibigo byamakuru bikunze guhuzwa hamwe, kurugero mubidukikije. Intera isanzwe igarukira kuri kilometero 2 na 5. Ukurikije kuboneka kwa fibre, hariho no guhuzagurika kwa CWDM na DWDM kuriyi ntera.
DCI-Impande：Ubu bwoko bwihuza buva hagati ya 2 km na 120 km.Iyi miyoboro ihujwe cyane cyane na data yatanzwe muri kariya gace kandi mubisanzwe biterwa nimbogamizi zubukererwe. Imiterere yo kohereza muri fibre-optique C-band (192 THz kugeza 196 THz idirishya) .Uburyo bwo gutahura butaziguye ni amplitude yahinduwe, ifite gahunda yo gutahura byoroshye, ikoresha imbaraga nke, igiciro gito, kandi isaba indishyi zo gutatanya hanze mubihe byinshi.Kubera 100 Gbps, 4-urwego rwa pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4), imiterere yo gutahura itaziguye nuburyo buhendutse kubisabwa na DCI-Edge. Imiterere ya PAM4 ifite inshuro ebyiri ubushobozi bwa gakondo budasubira kuri zeru (NRZ) imiterere ya modulasiyo.Ku gisekuru kizaza cya 400-Gbps (kuri buri muhengeri) sisitemu ya DCI, imiterere ya 60-Gbaud, 16-QAM ihuza ni yo ihatanira kuyobora.
DCI-Metro / Urugendo rurerure：Iki cyiciro cya fibre kirenze DCI-Edge, hamwe nubutaka bwa kilometero zigera ku 3.000 hamwe nuburebure bwinyanja ndende. Imiterere ihindagurika ikoreshwa muriki cyiciro kandi ubwoko bwa modulasiyo burashobora kuba butandukanye kubirometero bitandukanye.Uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu ni na amplitude hamwe nicyiciro cyahinduwe, bisaba laseri za oscillator zaho kugirango zimenyekane, bisaba gutunganya ibimenyetso bya digitale bigoye, bitwara imbaraga nyinshi, bifite intera ndende, kandi bihenze kuruta gutahura neza cyangwa uburyo bwa NRZ.
2.Ikigo cyamakuru kizakomeza gutera imbere
Imiyoboro minini ihuza umurongo ningirakamaro muguhuza ibyo bigo byamakuru. Hamwe nibitekerezo, DCI-Campus, DCI-Edge na DCI-Metro / Long Haul data center izakomeza gutera imbere.Mu myaka mike ishize, umurima wa DCI wibanze. yo kwitondera abatanga sisitemu gakondo ya DWDM.Ibisabwa bigenda byiyongera kubisabwa na serivise zitanga ibicu (CSPs) zitanga software-nka-serivisi (SaaS), urubuga-nka-serivisi (PaaS) n'ibikorwa remezo-nka-serivisi (IaaS) ubushobozi butwara sisitemu zitandukanye zo guhuza imiyoboro ya CSP ya sisitemu ya LayeriGuhinduranaRouters.Uyu munsi, ibi bigomba gukora kuri 100 Gbps. Imbere yikigo, amakuru yometse kumuringa (DAC), kabili ikora neza (AOC) cyangwa 100G "imvi" optique irashobora gukoreshwa.Ku guhuza ibikoresho byikigo (ikigo cyangwa inkombe / metero za porogaramu), inzira yonyine ifite gusa vuba aha habonetse uburyo bwuzuye-bwuzuye, bufatika bushingiye kubisubiramo bishingiye kuburyo bwiza.
Hamwe ninzibacyuho kuri 100G ecosystem, data center yububiko bwububiko bwagiye buhinduka kuva muburyo busanzwe bwa data center.Ibikoresho byose byikigo byamakuru biri murwego runini“Ikigo kinini”ikigo. CSP nyinshi zahujwe nubutaka bwagabanijwe kugirango bugere ku gipimo gisabwa kandi gitange serivisi zicu ziboneka cyane.
Ibice bya data center mubisanzwe biherereye hafi yumujyi wa metropolitani nubucucike bwabaturage kugirango batange serivise nziza (hamwe no gutinda no kuboneka) kubakiriya ba nyuma begereye uturere.Ubwubatsi bwakarere buratandukanye gato na CSP, ariko bugizwe n "amarembo" yo mukarere. cyangwa "hubs" .Iyi "marembo" cyangwa "hubs" ihujwe numuyoboro mugari wa CSP (WAN) umugongo (hamwe nimbuga zishobora gukoreshwa muguhuza urungano, ubwikorezi bwibintu cyangwa ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi) .Ibi " amarembo "cyangwa" hubs "bihujwe numuyoboro mugari wa CSP (WAN) umugongo (hamwe nimbuga zishobora gukoreshwa murungano rwurungano, ubwikorezi bwibintu byaho cyangwa ubwikorezi bwubwato) .Kubera ko akarere kagomba kwagurwa, biroroshye kugura ibikoresho byinyongera no kubihuza kumarembo yakarere.Ibi bituma habaho kwaguka byihuse no kuzamuka kwakarere ugereranije nigiciro kinini cyo kubaka ikigo gishya kinini cyamakuru nigihe kinini cyo kubaka, hamwe ninyungu ziyongereye zo kumenyekanisha igitekerezo cyibice bitandukanye biboneka (AZ) mukarere runaka.
Inzibacyuho kuva binini binini byubatswe muri zone itangiza imbogamizi zinyongera zigomba gutekerezwaho muguhitamo amarembo hamwe namakuru yikigo cyaho.Urugero, kugirango tumenye uburambe bwabakiriya (uhereye kubitinda), intera ntarengwa hagati yamakuru abiri ibigo (binyuze mumarembo rusange) bigomba kuba bifite imbibi.Ikindi gitekerezwaho nuko sisitemu ya optique yimyenda idakora neza kuburyo idashobora guhuza inyubako yikigo cyihariye gitandukanye mubice bimwe. Hamwe nibi bintu uzirikana, urubuga rwumunsi ntirukwiriye kubisabwa na DCI.
Imiterere ya PAM4 itanga ingufu nke, gukoresha ibirenge bike, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutahura neza.Mu gukoresha fotonike ya silicon, trans-trans-trans-transiver hamwe na PAM4 Porogaramu yihariye Yuzuzanya (ASIC) yatejwe imbere, ihuza ibyuma bitangiza ibimenyetso bya digitale (DSP) na imbere ikosora ikosora (FEC) .Kandi uyishyire mubintu bya QSFP28. Ibisubizohinduramodule ishobora gukoreshwa irashobora gukora DWDM yoherejwe hejuru ya DCI isanzwe, hamwe na 4 Tbps kuri fibre hamwe na 4.5 W kuri 100G.
3.Silicon Photonics na CMOS bizahinduka intandaro yiterambere rya optique
Ihuriro rya silikoni ya fotonike ya optique ihuriweho cyane hamwe na silicon yihuta yuzuzanya yicyuma cya oxyde semiconductor (CMOS) kugirango itunganyirize ibimenyetso bizagira uruhare muguhindagurika kw'ibiciro bidahenze, imbaraga nke, zishobora guhinduka.
Chip ya fotonike ihuriweho cyane nu mutima wa module ishobora gucomeka. Ugereranije na fosifide ya indium, urubuga rwa silicon CMOS rushobora kwinjira muri optique yo mu rwego rwa wafer kuri mm 200 nini na mm 300 za wafer. Ifoto yerekana uburebure bwa 1300 nm na 1500 nm zubatswe hongerwamo epitaxy ya germanium kuri platifike isanzwe ya silicon ya CMOS. Byongeye kandi, dioxyde ya silicon hamwe na nitride ya silicon nitride irashobora guhurizwa hamwe kugirango ihimbe itandukaniro rito ryangirika hamwe nubushuhe butumva neza optique.
Mu gishushanyo cya 2, inzira ya optique yinzira ya silicon Photonic chip irimo impuzamigambi yingendo ya Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM), imwe kuri buri burebure bwumurongo.Ibisohoka byombi byumuvuduko noneho bihuzwa kuri chip ukoresheje interineti ihuriweho na 2: 1. ikora nka Multiplexer ya DWDM. Silicon imwe MZM irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwa moderi ya NRZ na PAM4 hamwe nibimenyetso bitandukanye byo gutwara.
Mugihe umurongo mugari wibisabwa murwego rwimibare ikomeza kwiyongera, Amategeko ya Moore arasaba iterambere muguhindura chip. Ibi bizafashahinduranaRouterurubuga rwo kubungabungahindurachip base parite mugihe wongera ubushobozi bwa buri cyambu.Ibisekuru-ibisekuruzahindurachips zateguwe kuri buri cyambu cya 400G.Umushinga witwa 400ZR watangijwe muri Optical Internet Forum (OIF) kugirango uhuze ibisekuru bizaza bya optique DCI kandi ushireho urusobe rwibinyabuzima rutandukanye kubatanga isoko. Iki gitekerezo gisa na WDM PAM4, ariko yaguye kugirango ashyigikire 400-Gbps ibisabwa.