GBIC ni iki?
GBIC ni impfunyapfunyo ya Giga Bitrate Interface Converter, nigikoresho cyimbere muguhindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi ya gigabit mubimenyetso bya optique. GBIC irashobora kugenerwa guhinduranya ibintu bishyushye.GBIC nigicuruzwa gisimburana cyujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga.GigabitGuhindurayateguwe na GBIC interineti ifata umugabane munini ku isoko kubera guhinduranya byoroshye.
SFP ni iki?
SFP ni impfunyapfunyo ya FORM PLUGGABLE, ishobora kumvikana gusa nka verisiyo yavuguruwe ya GBIC.SFP modul ni kimwe cya kabiri cy'ubunini bwa moderi ya GBIC kandi irashobora gushyirwaho hamwe inshuro zirenga ebyiri umubare wibyambu kumurongo umwe.Ibindi bikorwa ya module ya SFP mubyukuri ni kimwe na GBIC. Bimwehinduraababikora bita module ya SFP ya miniaturike ya GBIC (MINI-GBIC) .Ibihe byiza bya optique bigomba gushyigikira gucomeka bishyushye, bivuze ko bishobora guhuzwa cyangwa guhagarikwa kubikoresho bitabujije ingufu.Kubera ko module ya optique iba yacometse, abashinzwe imiyoboro barashobora kuzamura no kwagura sisitemu udafunze umuyoboro, hamwe ningaruka nke kubakoresha kumurongo.Hotplug nayo yoroshya kubungabunga muri rusange kandi yemerera abakoresha amaherezo gucunga neza modul zabo za transceiver. Mugihe kimwe, kubera iyi mikorere yo guhana ubushyuhe, module ituma umuyoboro abayobozi gutegura igenamigambi rusange ryo kohereza no kohereza, guhuza intera, hamwe na topologiya yose ya netologiya ukurikije ibisabwa byo kuzamura imiyoboro, utiriwe usimbuza imbaho zose za sisitemu. Module optique ishyigikira iri pompe ishyushye ifite GBIC na SFP, kuko the ingano ya SFP na SFF ni kimwe, irashobora kwinjizwa muburyo bwumuzunguruko, ikabika umwanya nigihe cyo gupakira, kandi ikaba ifite porogaramu zitandukanye. Kubwibyo rero, iterambere ryayojo hazaza rikwiye kwitega ndetse rishobora no kubangamira isoko ya SFF.
SFF ni iki?
SFF (Ifishi Ntoya ya Factor) yuzuye optique ikoresha tekinoroji igezweho ya optique na sisitemu yo guhuza imiyoboro kandi ni kimwe cya kabiri cyubunini bwa module isanzwe ya duplex SC (1X9) fibre optique transceiver module.Birashobora gukuba kabiri umubare wibyambu bya optique mumwanya umwe, ongera umurongo wumurongo wubwinshi no kugabanya ikiguzi cya sisitemu kuri buri cyambu. Byongeye kandi, module ntoya ya module ya SFF ifata interineti ya kt-rj isa numuyoboro wumuringa wumuringa, ubunini bungana nubusanzwe busanzwe bwumuringa wumurongo wa mudasobwa, bifasha kuri inzibacyuho yumuringa-kabili ushingiye kubikoresho byurusobe kurwego rwohejuru rwa optique ya fibre fibre kugirango ihuze iterambere ryihuse ryumuyoboro ukenewe.
Ubwoko bwa interineti ihuza ibikoresho
Imigaragarire ya BNC
Imigaragarire ya BNC bivuga interineti ya coaxial. Imigaragarire ya BNC ikoreshwa kuri 75 euro coaxial kabili ihuza, itanga imiyoboro ibiri yo kwakira (RX) no kohereza (TX), kandi ikoreshwa muguhuza ibimenyetso bitaringaniye.
Imigaragarire ya fibre optique
Imigaragarire ya fibre optique ni interineti yumubiri ikoreshwa muguhuza insinga za fibre optique.Ubusanzwe hariho SC, ST, LC, FC nubundi bwoko.Ku guhuza 10base-f, umuhuza mubisanzwe ni ubwoko bwa ST, naho ubundi impera ya FC. ihujwe na fibre optique ya kabili rack.FC ni impfunyapfunyo ya FerruleConnector. Imbaraga zayo zo hanze ni icyuma cyoroshye kandi kwizirika ni screw buckle.Ubusanzwe interineti ikoreshwa kuri 10base-f.SC isanzwe ikoreshwa kuri 100base-fx na GBIC.LC isanzwe ikoreshwa kuri SFP.
RJ - 45 Imigaragarire
Imigaragarire ya rj-45 niyo ikoreshwa cyane kuri interineti ya Ethernet.
RS - 232 Imigaragarire
Imigaragarire-232-c (izwi kandi nka EIA rs-232-c) niyo interineti itumanaho ikoreshwa cyane.Yakozwe mu 1970 n’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki muri Amerika (EIA) ku bufatanye na sisitemu y’inzogera, abakora modem na mudasobwa abakora itumanaho kubipimo byitumanaho bikurikirana.Izina ryayo ryuzuye ni "igipimo cya tekiniki ya seriveri ya binary ikurikirana yo guhanahana amakuru hagati yamakuru ya terefone (DTE) nibikoresho byitumanaho ryamakuru (DCE)" .Ibipimo byerekana ikoreshwa rya 25-pin ya DB25, byerekana ibimenyetso byibimenyetso bya buri pin yumuhuza nurwego rwibimenyetso bitandukanye.
RJ - 11 Imigaragarire
Imigaragarire ya RJ-11 nicyo twita umurongo wa terefone.RJ-11 nizina rusange ryumuhuza watejwe imbere na Western Electric. Imiterere yacyo isobanurwa nkumuhuza wa 6-pin. Imiterere yayo isobanurwa nkumuhuza wa 6-pin. .Bisanzwe bizwi nka WExW, x hano isobanura "gukora", guhuza cyangwa gutera inshinge.Urugero, WE6W ifite imibonano yose uko ari itandatu, Kubara 1 kugeza 6, Imigaragarire ya WE4W ikoresha gusa amapine 4, ibiri hanze (1 na 6) ntukoreshe, WE2W UKORESHA gusa pin ebyiri zo hagati (ni ukuvuga umurongo wa terefone).
CWDM na DWDM
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse rya serivise ya IP IP, ibyifuzo byumurongo wogukwirakwiza biriyongera.Nubwo tekinoroji ya DWDM (dense wavelength division multiplexing) nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo gukemura umurongo mugari, tekinoroji ya CWDM (coarse wavelength division multiplexing) ifite ibyiza kurenza DWDM mubiciro bya sisitemu, kubungabunga no mubindi bice.
C.
ITU iheruka ya CWDM ni g.695, itanga imiyoboro 18 yuburebure hamwe nintera ya 20nm kuva 1271nm kugeza 1611nm. Urebye ingaruka zimpinga zamazi ya g. 652 fibre, imiyoboro 16 ikoreshwa muri rusange.Kubera umwanya munini wumurongo munini, utandukanya imiyoboro hamwe na laseri bihendutse kuruta ibikoresho bya DWDM.
Umuyoboro wa DWDM intera ni 0.4nm, 0.8nm, 1.6nm nizindi ntera zitandukanye nkuko bisabwa, ni bito kandi bisaba ibikoresho byongera kugenzura uburebure bwumurongo. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya DWDM bihenze kuruta ibyo bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya CWDM.
PIN Photodiode ni urwego rwibikoresho byoroheje byifashishijwe n, bizwi ku izina rya I (Intrinsic), hagati ya p-ppe nini cyane na n-semiconductor.Kubera ko ikoporowe byoroheje, kwibanda kuri electron ni bike cyane. Nyuma yo gukwirakwizwa, hashyizweho urwego runini cyane rwo kugabanuka, rushobora kunoza umuvuduko wo gusubiza no guhindura imikorere.APD ni fotodiode hamwe ninyungu. Iyo sensibilité ya optique yakira iri hejuru, APD ifasha kwagura intera yoherejwe na sisitemu.