IbyizaGuhindurabikunze gukoreshwa muri EthernetGuhinduraharimo SFP, GBIC, XFP, na XENPAK.
Amazina yabo yuzuye yicyongereza:
SFP
GBIC: Interineti ya GigaBitConverter, Gigabit Ethernet Ihinduranya
XFP: 10-Gigabit ntoyaForm-factorPluggable transceiver 10 Imigaragarire ya Ethernet
Ipaki ntoya ishobora guhindurwa
XENPAK: 10-Gigabit EtherNetTransceiverPAcKage 10 Gigabit Ethernet Imigaragarire ya transceiver yashyizeho paki.
Umuyoboro wa fibre optique
Umuyoboro wa fibre optique ugizwe na fibre optique hamwe nugucomeka kumpande zombi za fibre optique, kandi icyuma kigizwe na pin hamwe nuburyo bwo gufunga periferiya. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gufunga, fibre optique ihuza irashobora kugabanywa mubwoko bwa FC, ubwoko bwa SC, ubwoko bwa LC, ubwoko bwa ST n'ubwoko bwa KTRJ.
Umuhuza wa FC akoresha uburyo bwo gufunga urudodo, ni optique ya fibre optique yimuka yahimbwe mbere kandi ikoreshwa cyane.
SC ni urukiramende rwahujwe na NTT. Irashobora gucomeka no gucomeka nta sano ihuza. Ugereranije na FC umuhuza, ifite umwanya muto wo gukoreramo kandi byoroshye gukoresha. Ibicuruzwa bya Ethernet yo hasi birasanzwe cyane.
LC ni Mini yo mu bwoko bwa SC ihuza na LUCENT. Ifite ubunini buto kandi yakoreshejwe cyane muri sisitemu. Nicyerekezo cyiterambere rya fibre optique ikora ihuza ejo hazaza. Ibicuruzwa bya Ethernet yo hasi birasanzwe cyane.
Ihuza rya ST ryatejwe imbere na AT & T kandi rikoresha uburyo bwo gufunga ubwoko bwa bayonet. Ibipimo nyamukuru bihwanye na FC na SC bihuza, ariko ntibisanzwe bikoreshwa mubigo. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikoresho byinshi kugirango bihuze nabandi bakora Byakoreshejwe byinshi mugihe docking.
Amapine ya KTRJ ni plastiki. Bashyizwe kumurongo wibyuma. Mugihe umubare wigihe cyo gushyingiranwa wiyongera, hejuru yubukwe bizashira, kandi guhagarara kwigihe kirekire ntabwo ari byiza nkibya ceramic pin ihuza.
Ubumenyi bwa fibre
Fibre optique numuyoboro utanga imiraba yumucyo. Fibre optique irashobora kugabanwa muburyo bumwe bwa fibre hamwe na fibre yuburyo butandukanye uhereye muburyo bwo kohereza.
Muri fibre imwe-fibre, hariho uburyo bumwe gusa bwibanze bwo kohereza optique, ni ukuvuga, urumuri rwoherezwa gusa imbere yimbere ya fibre. Kuberako uburyo bwo gutandukana bwirindwa rwose kandi umurongo wohereza wa fibre imwe ya fibre ni ngari, birakwiriye kwihuta kwihuta kandi intera ndende.
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kohereza optique muri fibre ya multimode. Bitewe no gutatanya cyangwa gukuramo, iyi fibre ifite imikorere mibi yo kohereza, umurongo mugari muto, umuvuduko muto woherejwe, nintera ngufi.
Ibyiza bya fibre biranga ibipimo
Imiterere ya fibre optique ishushanywa na quartz fibre yakozwe mbere. Diameter yo hanze ya fibre ya multimode na fibre imwe ya fibre ikoreshwa mu itumanaho ni 125 mm.
Umubiri woroshye ugabanyijemo ibice bibiri: intangiriro kandi yambaye. Diameter yibanze ya fibre yuburyo bumwe ni 8 ~ 10μm, naho diameter yibanze ya fibre fibre ifite ibintu bibiri bisanzwe. Dimetero yibanze ni 62.5 mm (igipimo cyabanyamerika) na 50μm (igipimo cyiburayi).
Imigaragarire ya fibre isobanurwa gutya: 62.5μm / 125μm fibre ya multimode, aho 62.5μm yerekeza kuri diameter yibanze ya fibre naho 125μm bivuga diameter yo hanze ya fibre.
Fibre imwe-imwe ikoresha uburebure bwa 1310nm cyangwa 1550 nm.
Fibre fibre ikoresha ahanini 850 nm urumuri.
Ibara rishobora gutandukanywa na fibre yuburyo bumwe na fibre-moderi nyinshi. Umubiri umwe-fibre fibre yo hanze ni umuhondo, naho umubiri-fibre-fibre yo hanze ni orange-umutuku.
Icyambu cya Gigabit
Ibyambu bya Gigabit birashobora gukora muburyo bwagahato kandi bwonyine. Mubisobanuro 802.3, icyambu cya Gigabit optique gishyigikira gusa igipimo cya 1000M, kandi gishyigikira bibiri byuzuye-byuzuye (Byuzuye) na kimwe cya kabiri (Igice) duplex.
Itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yimodoka-kuganira no guhatira ni uko kode yimigezi yoherejwe mugihe byombi bishyizeho ihuza ryumubiri bitandukanye. Uburyo bwikora-bwohereza ubutumwa bwohereza / C / code, aribwo buryo bwa kode ya Iboneza, mugihe uburyo bwo guhatira bwohereza / I / code, aribwo kode idafite akamaro.
Gigabit optique port auto-kuganira inzira
Ubwa mbere, impande zombi zashyizwe muburyo bwo kuganira
Amashyaka yombi yohereza / C / code yinzira kuri buriwese. Niba 3 ikurikiranye / C / code yakiriwe kandi yakiriwe kode yinzira ihuye nuburyo bukora bwaho, bazasubira kurundi ruhande hamwe na / C / code hamwe na Ack igisubizo. Nyuma yo kwakira ubutumwa bwa Ack, urungano rutekereza ko bombi bashobora kuvugana kandi bagashyira icyambu kuri leta ya UP.
Icya kabiri, Shyira impera imwe kuri auto-imishyikirano nimwe iherezo kubiteganijwe
Impera yo kwihererana yohereza / C / umugezi, naho guhatira iherezo ryohereza / I / umugezi. Iherezo ryagahato ntirishobora gutanga iherezo ryibanze hamwe namakuru yumushyikirano yimpera zaho, ntanubwo ashobora gusubiza Ack igisubizo kumpera ya kure, bityo imishyikirano yo kwihererana iramanuka. Nyamara, iherezo ryagahato ubwaryo rishobora kumenya / C / kode, kandi igatekereza ko iherezo ryurungano ari icyambu gihuye nacyo, bityo icyambu cyanyuma cyashyizwe muri leta ya UP.
Icya gatatu, impande zombi zashyizwe kumurongo
Impande zombi zohereza / I / gutemberana. Nyuma yo kwakira / I / umugezi, impera imwe ifata urungano nkicyambu gihuye nacyo, kandi kigashyiraho icyambu cyaho muri leta ya UP.
Nigute fibre ikora?
Fibre optique yo gutumanaho igizwe numusatsi umeze nkikirahure cyometseho plastike ikingira. Ikirahuri cy'ikirahure kigizwe ahanini n'ibice bibiri: diameter yibanze ya 9 kugeza kuri 62.5 mm, hamwe nibikoresho byerekana ibirahure bidafite imbaraga hamwe na diameter ya 125 mm. Nubwo hari ubundi bwoko bwa fibre optique ukurikije ibikoresho byakoreshejwe nubunini butandukanye, ibisanzwe byavuzwe hano. Umucyo woherezwa murwego rwibanze rwa fibre muburyo bwa "total internal reaction", ni ukuvuga, nyuma yuko urumuri rwinjiye mumutwe umwe wa fibre, rugaragarira inyuma no hagati yimbere hamwe no kwambika, hanyuma rukoherezwa kuri iyindi mpera ya fibre. Fibre optique ifite diameter yibanze ya 62.5 mm na diametre yo hanze yometse kuri 125 mm yitwa urumuri rwa 62.5 / 125.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya multimode na fibre yuburyo bumwe?
Multimode:
Fibre ishobora gukwirakwiza amajana kugeza ku bihumbi byitwa fibre multimode (MM). Ukurikije ikwirakwizwa rya radiyo yerekana indangantego yibice byimbere kandi byambaye, birashobora kugabanywamo intambwe ya multimode fibre hamwe na fibre ya multimode. Ingano ya fibre hafi ya yose ni 50/125 mm cyangwa 62.5 / 125 mm, naho umurongo mugari (umubare wamakuru yatanzwe na fibre) mubisanzwe ni 200 MHz kugeza 2 GHz. Multimode optique transcevers irashobora kohereza ibirometero 5 binyuze muri fibre fibre. Koresha urumuri rusohora diode cyangwa laser nkisoko yumucyo.
Uburyo bumwe:
Fibre ishobora gukwirakwiza uburyo bumwe gusa yitwa fibre imwe. Umwirondoro wogusubiramo umwirondoro wa fibre isanzwe imwe (SM) isa niy'ubwoko bwa fibre yo mu ntambwe, usibye ko diameter yibanze ari nto cyane ugereranije na fibre fibre.
Ingano ya fibre imwe-fibre ni 9-10 / 125 μ m, kandi ifite ibiranga umurongo utagira ingano no gutakaza munsi ugereranije na fibre-moderi nyinshi. Uburyo bumwe bwa optique transcevers ikoreshwa cyane mugukwirakwiza intera ndende, rimwe na rimwe igera kuri kilometero 150 kugeza 200. Koresha LD cyangwa LED hamwe n'umurongo muto ugaragara nkumucyo.
Itandukaniro no guhuza:
Ibikoresho byuburyo bumwe birashobora gukoreshwa kuri fibre imwe cyangwa fibre yuburyo bwinshi, mugihe ibikoresho byinshi bigarukira kubikorwa bya fibre yuburyo bwinshi.
Niki gutakaza kwanduza mugihe ukoresheje insinga za optique?
Ibi biterwa nuburebure bwumucyo woherejwe nubwoko bwa fibre yakoreshejwe.
Uburebure bwa 850nm kuri fibre ya multimode: 3.0 dB / km
Uburebure bwa 1310nm kuri fibre fibre: 1.0 dB / km
Uburebure bwa 1310nm kuri fibre imwe imwe: 0.4 dB / km
Uburebure bwa 1550nm kuri fibre yuburyo bumwe: 0.2 dB / km
GBIC ni iki?
GBIC ni impfunyapfunyo ya Giga Bitrate Interface Converter, nigikoresho cyimbere gihindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi ya gigabit mubimenyetso bya optique. GBIC yagenewe gucomeka bishyushye. GBIC nigicuruzwa gisimburana cyujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. GigabitGuhinduracyateguwe na interineti ya GBIC ifata isoko rinini ku isoko kubera guhana kworoshye.
SFP ni iki?
SFP ni impfunyapfunyo ya FORM PLUGGABLE, ishobora kumvikana gusa nka verisiyo yazamuye GBIC. Ingano ya module ya SFP yagabanutseho kimwe cya kabiri ugereranije na GBIC module, kandi umubare wibyambu urashobora gukuba inshuro zirenga ebyiri kumwanya umwe. Ibindi bikorwa bya module ya SFP mubyukuri ni bimwe nkibya GBIC. Bamwehinduraababikora bita module ya SFP mini-GBIC (MINI-GBIC).
Ibizaza bya optique bigomba gushyigikira gucomeka bishyushye, ni ukuvuga, module irashobora guhuzwa cyangwa guhagarikwa kubikoresho bitabujije amashanyarazi. Kuberako module ya optique ishyushye, abashinzwe imiyoboro barashobora kuzamura no kwagura sisitemu badafunze umuyoboro. Umukoresha ntacyo akora. Swappability ishyushye kandi yoroshya kubungabunga muri rusange kandi ifasha abakoresha amaherezo gucunga neza modul zabo za transceiver. Mugihe kimwe, kubera iyi mikorere ishyushye-swap, iyi module ituma abashinzwe imiyoboro bakora gahunda rusange yikiguzi cya transceiver, intera ihuza, hamwe na topologiya yose ishingiye kubisabwa kugirango bazamure imiyoboro, bitabaye ngombwa ko basimbuza burundu imbaho za sisitemu.
Module optique ishyigikira iyi hot-swap iraboneka muri GBIC na SFP. Kuberako SFP na SFF zingana nubunini bumwe, zirashobora gucomeka muburyo bwumuzunguruko, kuzigama umwanya nigihe kuri paki, kandi zikagira porogaramu nini. Kubwibyo, Iterambere ryayojo hazaza rikwiye gutegereza, ndetse rishobora no kubangamira isoko rya SFF.
SFF. Ongera umurongo wicyambu kandi ugabanye ibiciro bya sisitemu kuri buri cyambu. Kandi kubera ko moderi ntoya ya SFF ikoresha interineti ya KT-RJ isa numuyoboro wumuringa, ubunini burasa nubusanzwe umuyoboro wa mudasobwa usanzwe wumuringa, ibyo bikaba bifasha muguhindura ibikoresho byurusobe rushingiye kumuringa kuri fibre yihuta. imiyoboro ya optique. Kugirango uhuze ubwiyongere butangaje bwibisabwa byumuyoboro.
Ubwoko bwa interineti ihuza ibikoresho
Imigaragarire ya BNC
Imigaragarire ya BNC bivuga interineti ya coaxial. Imigaragarire ya BNC ikoreshwa kuri 75 ohm coaxial kabili ihuza. Itanga inzira ebyiri zo kwakira (RX) no kohereza (TX). Byakoreshejwe muguhuza ibimenyetso bitaringaniye.
Imigaragarire ya fibre
Imigaragarire ya fibre ni interineti igaragara ikoreshwa muguhuza insinga za fibre optique. Mubisanzwe hariho ubwoko bwinshi nka SC, ST, LC, FC. Kubihuza 10Base-F, umuhuza mubisanzwe ni ubwoko bwa ST, naho ubundi amaherezo ya FC ahujwe na fibre optique yamashanyarazi. FC ni impfunyapfunyo ya FerruleConnector. Uburyo bwo gushimangira hanze nuburyo bwicyuma kandi uburyo bwo gufunga ni buto ya screw. Imigaragarire ya ST isanzwe ikoreshwa kuri 10Base-F, Ubusanzwe SC ikoreshwa muri 100Base-FX na GBIC, LC ikoreshwa muri SFP.
Imigaragarire ya RJ-45
Imigaragarire ya RJ-45 niyo interineti ikoreshwa cyane kuri Ethernet. RJ-45 nizina risanzwe rikoreshwa, ryerekeza kubisanzwe na IEC (60) 603-7, ukoresheje imyanya 8 (pin 8) wasobanuwe nubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Jack cyangwa moderi.
Imigaragarire ya RS-232
Imigaragarire ya RS-232-C (izwi kandi nka EIA RS-232-C) ni interineti ikoreshwa cyane. Nibisanzwe byitumanaho ryitumanaho ryateguwe hamwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamerika ry’inganda (EIA) mu 1970 rifatanije na sisitemu ya Bell, abakora modem, n’abakora mudasobwa ya mudasobwa. Izina ryayo ryuzuye ni "serial binary data yo guhanahana amakuru yikoranabuhanga hagati yibikoresho byamakuru (DTE) nibikoresho byitumanaho (DCE)". Igipimo giteganya ko 25-pin ya DB25 ihuza ikoreshwa mu kwerekana ibimenyetso bya buri pin ya umuhuza, kimwe nurwego rwibimenyetso bitandukanye.
Imigaragarire ya RJ-11
Imigaragarire ya RJ-11 nicyo dusanzwe twita umurongo wa terefone. RJ-11 nizina rusange ryumuhuza wakozwe na Western Electric. Urucacagu rwarwo rusobanurwa nkigikoresho cyo guhuza 6-pin. Mubisanzwe byitwa WExW, aho x bisobanura "gukora", guhuza cyangwa inshinge. Kurugero, WE6W ifite imibonano yose uko ari 6, ifite numero 1 kugeza 6, interineti ya WE4W ikoresha pin 4 gusa, imibonano ibiri yo hanze (1 na 6) ntabwo ikoreshwa, WE2W ikoresha pin ebyiri zo hagati gusa (ni ukuvuga kumurongo wa terefone) .
CWDM na DWDM
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse rya serivisi zamakuru ya IP kuri interineti, icyifuzo cyumurongo wogukwirakwiza cyiyongereye. Nubwo tekinoroji ya DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo gukemura ikibazo cyo kwaguka kwagutse, tekinoroji ya CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) ifite ibyiza kurenza DWDM mubijyanye nigiciro cya sisitemu no kuyikomeza.
CWDM na DWDM byombi bigizwe na tekinoroji yo kugabana umurongo wa tekinike, kandi birashobora guhuza uburebure butandukanye bwumucyo muri fibre imwe hanyuma ikohereza hamwe.
CWDM iheruka ITU isanzwe ni G.695, igaragaza imiyoboro 18 yuburebure hamwe na 20nm intera kuva 1271nm kugeza 1611nm. Urebye ingaruka zamazi ya fibre optique ya G.652 isanzwe, imiyoboro 16 ikoreshwa muri rusange. Kubera imiyoboro minini itandukanijwe, ibikoresho byinshi na demultiplexing ibikoresho na laseri bihendutse kuruta ibikoresho bya DWDM.
Intera y'umuyoboro wa DWDM ifite intera zitandukanye nka 0.4nm, 0.8nm, 1.6nm, nibindi. Intera ni nto kandi nibindi bikoresho byo kugenzura umurongo birakenewe. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya DWDM bihenze kuruta ibikoresho bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya CWDM.
PIN Photodiode ni urwego rwibikoresho byoroheje byanditseho N-hagati ya P na semiconductor yo mu bwoko bwa N ifite icyerekezo kinini cya doping, cyitwa I (Intrinsic). Kuberako ikoporowe byoroheje, intumbero ya electron iri hasi cyane, kandi igice kinini cyo kugabanuka gikozwe nyuma yo gukwirakwizwa, gishobora kunoza igisubizo cyacyo no guhindura imikorere.
APD avalanche Photodiode ntabwo ihindura gusa optique / amashanyarazi ahubwo ifite amplification y'imbere. Amplification ikorwa ningaruka zo kugwiza avalanche imbere muri tube. APD ni fotodi hamwe ninyungu. Iyo sensitivite ya optique yakira ari ndende, APD ifasha kwagura intera yoherejwe ya sisitemu.