Itumanaho rya fibre-optique (FTTx) yamye ifatwa nkuburyo bwizewe bwogukoresha umurongo mugari nyuma ya DSL yagutse. Bitandukanye n’itumanaho risanzwe rihindagurika, rifite inshuro nyinshi zo gukora nubushobozi bunini (birashobora gushingira kubakoresha bakeneye kuzamura umurongo mugari wa 10-100Mbps), kutitonda cyane, nta guhuza amashanyarazi gukomeye, imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya amashanyarazi, ibanga ryiza na n'ibindi.
Itumanaho rya Fibre Broadband (FTTx) ririmo uburyo butandukanye bwo kugera nka FTTP isanzwe (Fibre to the Presise, FiberToThePremise), FTTB (Fibre to Building, FiberToTheBuilding), FTTC (Fibre to Roadside, FiberToTheCurb), FTTN FiberToTheNeighborhood), FTTZ (Fibre to Zone, FiberToTheZone), FTTO (Fibre to Office, FiberToTheOffice), FTTH (Fibre to Home cyangwa Fibre to Home, FiberToTheHome).
FTTH ni amahitamo meza ya fibre yinjira murugo bitaziguye
Kubakoresha urugo benshi, FTTH niyo guhitamo neza. Iyi fomu irashobora guhuza fibre optique hamwe numuyoboro wa optique (ONU) mu rugo. Nuburyo butandukanye bwa fibre yagutse usibye FTTD (fibre kuri desktop, FiberToTheDesk). Uburyo bwo kubona fibre yegereye uyikoresha. Hamwe noguhuza uburyo bwo kubona umurongo mugari wa fibre, twakagombye kumenya ko uburyo bwagutse bwa FTTH butagaragaza gusa fibre murugo, kandi muri rusange bwerekanaga fibre zitandukanye. -kugera murugo urupapuro rwinjira nka FTTO, FTTD, na FTTN.
Byongeye kandi, umusomyi agomba kwitondera itandukaniro riri hagati yubu "FTTx + LAN (fibre + LAN)" gahunda yo kubona umurongo mugari mugusobanukirwa FTTH.FTTx + LAN nigisubizo cyagutse cyagutse gishyira mubikorwa "100Mbps kumaselire cyangwa inyubako, 1 -10Mbps murugo "ukoresheje fibre +5 ihindagurika yuburyo bubiri -hinduran'ibiro bikuruhinduran'umuyoboro wa optique (ONU) Uhujwe, selile ikoresha Icyiciro cya 5 ihindagurika kabili, kandi igipimo cyabakoresha gishobora kugera kuri 1-10Mbps.
Bitandukanye numuryango umwe wihariye umurongo wa FTTH, umurongo wa FTTx + LAN usangiwe nabakoresha cyangwa imiryango myinshi. Iyo hari abakoresha benshi basangiye, umurongo wa interineti cyangwa umuvuduko wa FTTx + LAN biragoye kubyemeza.
FTTH igipimo cya tekiniki
Kugeza ubu, birasa nkaho umurongo mugari wa ADSL2 + na FTTH wabaye inzira nyamukuru yo guteza imbere umurongo mugari mugihe kizaza.Mu ikoranabuhanga rya FTTH, nyuma ya APON (ATMPON), kuri ubu hariho igipimo cya GPON (GigabitPON) cyakozwe na ITU / FSAN, hamwe nibipimo bibiri bya EPON (EthernetPON) byateguwe nitsinda rya IEEE802.3ah rirahatana.
Ikoranabuhanga rya GPON nigisekuru gishya mugari mugari wa pasiporo optique ihuriweho hamwe ishingiye kuri ITU-TG.984.x. Umuyoboro uhari ni 1111 Mbit / s. Nubwo tekinoroji igoye, ifite umurongo mwinshi, gukora neza, gukwirakwiza no kubakoresha. Ibyiza bya interineti ikungahaye bifatwa nabakozi bamwe bo muburayi nabanyamerika nkikoranabuhanga ryiza rya serivise yagutse ya serivise.
Igisubizo cya EPON gifite ubunini bwiza kandi burashobora kumenya uburyo butandukanye bwa fibre-murugo
EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) nayo ni ubwoko bushya bwa tekinoroji ya fibre. Umuyoboro mwiza wo gukwirakwiza ni 1000 Mbit / s. Ifata ingingo-kuri-kugwiza imiterere no gukwirakwiza fibre optique, kandi irashobora gutanga ubwoko bwinshi kuri Ethernet. Ubucuruzi bukomatanya ibyiza byikoranabuhanga rya PON nubuhanga bwa Ethernet, bugaragaza igiciro gito, umurongo mwinshi, ubunini bukomeye, guhuza neza na Ethernet ihari, hamwe nubuyobozi bworoshye. Ikoreshwa muri Aziya, nk'Ubushinwa n'Ubuyapani. Byagutse.
Ntakibazo sisitemu ya PON fibre igizweOLT(Optical Line Terminal, Optical Line Terminal), POS (Passive Optical Splitter),ONU.
Imiterere ya FTTH
Ku bijyanye n'imikorere yihariye ,.OLTishyirwa ku biro bikuru bya ISP kandi ishinzwe guhuza, gucunga, no gufata neza umuyoboro ugenzura. Intera ntarengwa yo kohereza hagati yaOLTnaONUirashobora kugera kuri 10-20km cyangwa irenga. UwitekaOLTifite urwego ruringaniza rwo kugerageza intera yumvikana hagati ya buriONUnaOLT, kandi, iONUisabwa guhindura ibimenyetso byayo byo gutinda kugirango ikore itandukanye. Ibimenyetso byatanzwe naONUyintera irashobora kugwizwa neza hamwe kuriOLT.OLTibikoresho muri rusange nabyo bifite umurongo mugari wo kugabura ibikorwa, bishobora kugenera umurongo wihariye naOLTukurikije ibikenewe byaONU. Byongeye kandiOLTigikoresho gifite ingingo-kuri-kugwiza hub ibiranga, na anOLTirashobora gutwara 32ONU(kandi irashobora kwagurwa nyuma), kandi byoseONUmunsi ya buriOLTkugabana umurongo wa 1G unyuze mugihe cyo kugabana kugwiza, ni ukuvuga, buriONUIrashobora gutanga hejuru no hepfo Umuyoboro ntarengwa ni 1 Gbps.
POS pasiporo ya fibre itandukanya, itandukanya cyangwa igabanya, ni igikoresho cyoroshye gihuza iOLTnaONU. Igikorwa cyayo ni ugukwirakwiza ibyinjijwe (kumanuka) ibimenyetso bya optique kumasoko menshi asohoka, bigafasha abakoresha benshi kuri fibre imwe isangiwe gusangira umurongo; mu cyerekezo cyo hejuru, byinshiONUibimenyetso bya optique nibihe-bigabanijwe bigizwe na fibre imwe.
ONUmuri rusange ifite ibyambu 1-32 100M kandi irashobora guhuzwa na terefone zitandukanye
UwitekaONUni igikoresho gikoreshwa na UE kugirango ugere kumukoresha wa nyuma cyangwa koridorhindura. Fibre optique imwe irashobora igihe-kugwiza amakuru ya byinshiONUKuri imweOLTicyambu binyuze muri pasitiki ya optique itandukanijwe. Bitewe na point-to-multipoint igiti topologiya, ishoramari ryibikoresho byo guteranya ryaragabanutse, kandi urwego rwurusobe narwo rusobanutse.BenshiONUibikoresho bifite bimwehinduraimikorere. Interineti ya uplink ni interineti ya PON. Byahujwe ninteruro yimbere yaOLTigikoresho binyuze muri pasiporo optique. Kumanuka bihujwe binyuze kuri 1-32 100-Gigabit cyangwa Gigabit RJ45. Ibikoresho byamakuru, nkaGuhindura, umurongo mugariRouters, mudasobwa, amaterefone ya IP, agasanduku-hejuru agasanduku, nibindi, bishoboza kohereza-kugwiza.
Uburyo bwo guhuza umuryango
Muri rusange, FTTH kuriONUibikoresho bya terminal bizatanga byibuze bine 100M RJ45. Kubakoresha bafite mudasobwa enye zahujwe namakarita y'urusobekerane, barashobora guhaza ibikenewe bya mudasobwa nyinshi zisangira interineti murugo. Mubyongeyeho, kumurongo wa FTTH ukoresheje IP ifite imbaraga, abakoresha nabo barashobora guhuzaGuhinduracyangwa simsiz APs yo kwagura imiyoboro yinsinga kandi idafite umugozi nkuko bikenewe.
Umuyoboro mugariRoutersirashobora gushyigikira byimazeyo ibisubizo bya FTTH
Kuri terminal ya FTTH itanga gusa 100M RJ45 ya interineti ukoresheje IP ihamye, irashobora kwagurwa numuyoboro mugariRoutercyangwa umugoziRouter.Mu igenamiterere, gusa muri WEB igenamigambi yaRouter, shakisha uburyo bwa "WAN port", hitamo ubwoko bwihuza rya WAN nkuburyo bwa "static IP", hanyuma wandike IP adresse na subnet yatanzwe na ISP muburyo bukurikira. Mask, amarembo na aderesi ya DNS nibyiza.
Mubyongeyeho, abakoresha umurongo mugari waguzweRouterscyangwa umugoziRoutersigomba kuyikoresha nka ahinduracyangwa simsiz AP mumurongo wa FTTH. Witondere ingingo zikurikira mugihe washyizeho: Gukoresha insingaRouternka ahinduracyangwa simusiga AP, shyiramo impinduramatwara yacometse kuriONUigikoresho mu buryo butaziguye mu cyerekezo icyo ari cyo cyose mu cyambu cya LAN. Ku rupapuro rwo kuyobora rwaRouter, kuzimya imikorere ya DHCP ya seriveri yafunguwe kubisanzwe. Shyira IP adresse yaRouternaONUigikoresho ukoresheje IP ifite imbaraga nkigice kimwe cyurusobe.
Kubera ko fibre igera itanga umurongo utagira imipaka, Fibre to Home (FTTH) izwi nk "umwami" wo mugihe cyagutse kandi niyo ntego nyamukuru yo guteza imbere umurongo mugari. Fibre imaze kugezwa murugo, umuvuduko wumukoresha wa interineti urashobora kongera kwiyongera cyane. Bifata amasegonda make kugirango ukuremo firime ya DVD 500MB, yihuta inshuro icumi kurenza igisubizo cya ADSL. Hamwe no gukomeza kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho FTTH, urumuri rugana murugo rugenda ruva mu nzozi rugana mubyukuri.