Kumva itumanaho ryamakuru murusobe biragoye. Muri iyi ngingo Nzerekana byoroshye uburyo mudasobwa ebyiri zibona guhuza, kwimura no kwakira amakuru yamakuru nayo hamwe na Tcp / IP bitanu protocole.
Itumanaho rya Data ni iki?
Ijambo "itumanaho ryamakuru" rikoreshwa mugusobanura ihererekanya ryamakuru kuva ahantu hamwe ukajya ahandi ukoresheje uburyo nkumuyoboro. Iyo ibikoresho byose bihana amakuru biri munzu imwe cyangwa hafi, tuvuga ko ihererekanyamakuru ryibanze.
Ni muri urwo rwego, "isoko" na "uwakira" bifite ibisobanuro bitaziguye. Inkomoko bivuga ibikoresho byohereza amakuru, mugihe uwakiriye yerekeza kubikoresho byakira amakuru. Intego yo gutumanaho amakuru ntabwo ari ugushiraho amakuru aho aturuka cyangwa aho yerekeza, ahubwo ni ihererekanyamakuru ryamakuru no kubungabunga amakuru mugihe cyibikorwa.
Sisitemu yo gutumanaho amakuru ikoresha imirongo yohereza amakuru kugirango yakire amakuru kuva kure kandi yohereze ibisubizo byatunganijwe gusubira aho hantu kure. Igishushanyo ku gishushanyo gitanga incamake yuzuye y'itumanaho ryitumanaho. Uburyo bwinshi bwo gutumanaho amakuru muri iki gihe bukoreshwa bwateye imbere buhoro buhoro, haba nko kunoza uburyo bwo gutumanaho amakuru yari asanzweho cyangwa nkumusimbura. Noneho hariho ikibanza cyamabuye y'agaciro aricyo itumanaho ryamakuru, rikubiyemo amagambo nkigipimo cya baud, modem, router, LAN, WAN, TCP / IP, ISDN, kandi igomba kugendagenda mugihe cyo gufata icyemezo cyo kohereza. Nkigisubizo, ni ngombwa gusubiza amaso inyuma no kubona igisubizo kuri aya mahame nihindagurika ryubuhanga bwo gutumanaho amakuru.
TCP / IP Porotokole eshanu:
Kugirango tumenye neza imikorere ya TCP / IP, tugomba gutanga byibuze amakuru asabwa muburyo bwumvikana kuri neti. Porogaramu yububiko butanu igizwe nuburyo butuma iyi format ishoboka.
TCP / IP ibona ibyingenzi bisaba kohereza amakuru yacu kumurongo uhereye kuri buri cyiciro. Imikorere itunganijwe mubikorwa byihariye "layers" hano. Nta kintu na kimwe kiranga muri ubu buryo kidafasha mu buryo butaziguye imwe mu nzego nyinshi mu gukora akazi kayo neza.
Gusa ibice byegeranye nundi birashobora kuvugana. Porogaramu ikorera murwego rwo hejuru irekurwa inshingano zo gukora code kurwego rwo hasi. Gushiraho ihuriro hamwe na host ya kure, kurugero, kode yo gusaba igomba gusa kumenya gukora icyifuzo kuri Transport layer. Irashobora gukora idasobanukiwe na gahunda yo gushiraho amakuru yoherejwe. Bireba kuri Physical layer kugirango ikemure ibyo. Irashinzwe guhererekanya amakuru yibanze, ni urukurikirane rwa 0s na 1s, kimwe no kugenzura igipimo cya biti no gusobanura isano, tekinoroji idafite umugozi cyangwa insinga y'amashanyarazi ihuza ibikoresho.
TCP / IP protocole-ibice bitanu ikubiyemoPorogaramu Igikoresho, Ubwikorezi, Urusobekerane, Urusobekerane rwamakuru, hamwe nu mubiri, Reka twige kubyerekeranye na TCP / IP.
1. Igice gifatika:Igice gifatika gikora umurongo wukuri cyangwa utagira umugozi hagati yibikoresho murusobe. Irasobanura umuhuza, insinga cyangwa insinga ihuza ibikoresho, ikohereza amakuru yibanze (0s na 1s) hamwe no kugenzura igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru.
2. Guhuza amakuru:Ihuza hagati yumubiri ibiri ihujwe kumubiri yashizweho kandi igacibwa kumurongo wamakuru. Irabikora mukugabanya paki zamakuru mumurongo mbere yo kohereza munzira zabo. Kugenzura Itangazamakuru (MAC) rikoresha aderesi ya MAC guhuza ibikoresho no kwerekana uburenganzira bwo kohereza no kwakira amakuru, mugihe Logical Link Control (LLC) igaragaza protocole y'urusobe, ikora igenzura ry'amakosa, kandi igahuza amakadiri.
3. Umuyoboro:Guhuza imiyoboro niwo nkingi ya interineti. "Urusobe rw'urusobe" rwibikorwa byitumanaho rya interineti niho ayo masano akorerwa muguhana amakuru yamakuru hagati yimiyoboro Igice cya gatatu cyurugero rwa Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) nicyerekezo cyurusobe. Porotokole nyinshi, harimo na Porotokole ya Interineti (IP), ikoreshwa kuri uru rwego mu ntego nko kuyobora, kugerageza, no gushishoza.
4. Inzira yo gutwara abantu:Gushiraho ihuriro hagati ya host to host ni urwego rwinshingano. Mugihe ubwikorezi bwo gutwara abantu nugushiraho icyambu guhuza ibyambu. Twatsindiye neza amakuru kuva kuri Mudasobwa A kugeza kuri B binyuze mubikorwa byurwego rwumubiri, guhuza amakuru hamwe nurusobe. Nyuma yo kohereza amakuru kuri mudasobwa A-to-B nigute mudasobwa B ishobora kumenya porogaramu niyihe makuru yoherejwe?
Kubwibyo, birakenewe kugenera gutunganya porogaramu runaka ikoresheje icyambu. Rero, aderesi ya IP numero yicyambu irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango tumenye bidasanzwe porogaramu ikora.
5. Urwego rusaba:Mucukumbuzi na imeri abakiriya ni ingero za software-kuruhande rwa software ikorera murwego rwo gusaba. Porotokole iraboneka yorohereza itumanaho hagati ya porogaramu no kwerekana amakuru yingirakamaro kubakoresha amaherezo. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Porotokole yohereza dosiye (FTP), Porotokole ya Poste (POP), Porokireri Yoroheje yohereza Amabaruwa (SMTP), na Sisitemu Izina rya Domisiyo (DNS) byose ni ingero za protocole ikorera ku rwego rusaba (DNS) .