HCP dinamike yakira protocole ikoreshwa cyane mugukoresha interineti ya buri munsi, nka interineti yo murugoRouterni DHCP Seriveri. Iyo dushyizeho umukiriya kugirango ahite abona aderesi ya IP, seriveri ya DHCP igenera IP adresse umukiriya ukurikije protocole ya DHCP.ONUirashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka seriveri ya DHCP.
Porotokole ya DHCP ihita itanga IP paki yubwoko bune bwingenzi:
DHCP Kuvumbura: Kohereza nabakiriya kugirango bavumbure seriveri ya DHCP.
Gutanga DHCP: Kohereza na seriveri ya DHCP, ubwira umukiriya ko nshobora gutanga aderesi ya IP.
Icyifuzo cya DHCP: Kohereza nabakiriya babwira seriveri ihuye na DHCP ko nkeneye aderesi ya IP.
DHCP ACK: Yatanzwe na seriveri ya DHCP kugirango itange IP adresse yabakiriya.
DHCP Isohora: Mubisanzwe, umukiriya arafunzwe cyangwa kumurongo. Ubu butumwa buzatera seriveri ya DHCP kurekura IP adresse yumukiriya wohereza ubu butumwa.
DHCP Kumenyesha: Ubutumwa bwoherejwe numukiriya busaba amakuru amwe muri seriveri.
Kugabanuka kwa DHCP: Iyo umukiriya asanze aderesi ya IP yashizweho na seriveri itaboneka (nkamakimbirane ya aderesi ya IP), ubu butumwa butangwa bumenyesha seriveri kurwanya ikoreshwa rya aderesi ya IP.
Mugihe cyitumanaho rya DHCP, UDP ikoreshwa nka protocole yohereza. Nyiricyubahiro yohereje icyifuzo kuri port ya DHCP ya seriveri 67 hanyuma seriveri isubiza ubutumwa kumurongo wakira 68.
1. Icyiciro cyo kuvumbura, aho umukiriya wa DHCP ashakisha seriveri ya DHCP (DHCPdiscover)
Umukiriya wa DHCP yohereje amakuru yubuvumbuzi ya DHCP kugirango abone seriveri ya DHCP muburyo bwo gutangaza amakuru (kubera ko aderesi ya IP ya seriveri ya DHCP itazwi n'umukiriya), ni ukuvuga amakuru yihariye yo gutangaza kuri aderesi 255.255.255.255. Buri gicumbi kumurongo hamwe na TCP / IP protocole izakira ubu butumwa bwo gutangaza, ariko seriveri ya DHCP yonyine niyo izasubiza.
2.Icyiciro cyo gutanga, aho seriveri ya DHCP itanga aderesi ya IP (DHCPoffer)
Buri seriveri ya DHCP murusobe rwakira ivumburwa rya DHCPdiscover irasubiza muguhitamo imwe muri aderesi ya IP itarakodeshwa kubakiriya ba DHCP no kohereza DHCPoffer itanga aderesi ya IP yatijwe hamwe nibindi Igenamiterere kubakiriya ba DHCP.
3. Icyiciro cyo gutoranya, aho umukiriya wa DHCP ahitamo aderesi ya IP itangwa na seriveri ya DHCP (DHCPrequest)
Niba hari seriveri zirenze imwe DHCP zitanga amakuru kuri DHCPoffer yoherejwe numukiriya wa DHCP, umukiriya wa DHCP yemera gusa DHCPoffer yambere itanga amakuru yakiriwe, hanyuma igasubiza amakuru ya DHCPrequest muburyo bwo gutangaza. Aya makuru akubiyemo icyifuzo cya IP ya seriveri ya DHCP yihitiyemo. Impamvu yo gusubiza muburyo bwo gutangaza ni ukumenyesha seriveri zose za DHCP ko azahitamo aderesi ya IP yatanzwe na seriveri ya DHCP.
4. Icyiciro cyo kwemeza, aho seriveri ya DHCP yemeza aderesi ya IP yatanzwe (DHCPack)
Iyo seriveri ya DHCP yakiriye amakuru yo gusaba DHCPrequest yasubijwe numukiriya wa DHCP, yohereza ubutumwa bwo kwemeza DHCPack kubakiriya ba DHCP hamwe na aderesi ya IP yatanze hamwe nandi Igenamiterere kugirango ubwire umukiriya wa DHCP ko ishobora gukoresha aderesi ya IP yatanze. Umukiriya wa DHCP noneho ahuza protokole ya TCP / IP n'ikarita y'urusobe, kandi seriveri zose za DHCP, usibye imwe yatowe n'umukiriya wa DHCP, subiza aderesi ya IP yatanzwe.
5. Ongera winjire (DHCPrequest)
Mugihe kizaza, burigihe burigihe umukiriya wa DHCP yongeye kwinjira kumurongo, ntibikeneye kohereza amakuru yubuvumbuzi bwa DHCPdiscover, ariko yohereza muburyo butaziguye amakuru yo gusaba DHCPrequest arimo aderesi ya IP yari yarahawe mbere. Iyo seriveri ya DHCP yakiriye aya makuru, iragerageza kureka umukiriya wa DHCP akomeza gukoresha aderesi ya IP yumwimerere hamwe nibisubizo hamwe na DHCPack. Niba aderesi ya IP itagishoboye guhabwa umukiriya wambere wa DHCP (niba aderesi ya IP yamaze guhabwa undi mukiriya wa DHCP), seriveri ya DHCP isubiza ubutumwa bwahakana DHCPnack kubakiriya ba DHCP. Mugihe umukiriya wambere DHCP yakiriye ubu butumwa bwo guhakana DHCPnack, bugomba kohereza ubutumwa bwubuvumbuzi bwa DHCPdiscover kugirango busabe aderesi nshya ya IP.
6. Kuvugurura ubukode
Aderesi ya IP yatijwe na seriveri ya DHCP kubakiriya ba DHCP mubusanzwe ifite igihe cyubukode, nyuma ya seriveri ya DHCP igasubiza aderesi ya IP yatijwe. Niba umukiriya wa DHCP ashaka kongera ubukode bwa IP, agomba kuvugurura ubukode bwa IP. Umukiriya wa DHCP ahita yohereza amakuru kuri seriveri ya DHCP kugirango avugurure IP ikodesha haba mugihe umukiriya wa DHCP atangiye nigihe ubukode bwa IP burangiye.
DHCP dinamike yo kugabura nayo ni imwe muritweONUurukurikirane rwibicuruzwa byurusobe, hamwe nibicuruzwa bifitanye isano nibicuruzwa bishyushye bikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwaONUibicuruzwa bikurikirana, harimo ACONU/ itumanahoONU/ umunyabwengeONU/ agasandukuONU/ icyambu cya PONONUn'ibindi. Ibyavuzwe haruguruONUIbicuruzwa byuruhererekane birashobora gukoreshwa kubisabwa murusobekerane rwibihe bitandukanye. Murakaza neza kugira ubumenyi bwimbitse kubicuruzwa.
