Ibyiza byitumanaho rya fibre optique:
Ubushobozi bunini bwo gutumanaho
Intera ndende
● Nta kwivanga kwa electronique
Resources Ibikoresho bikize
Weight Uburemere bworoshye nubunini buto
Amateka Mugufi Yitumanaho ryiza
Imyaka irenga 2000 irashize, itara-amatara, semaphores
1880, itumanaho rya terefone-itumanaho itumanaho
1970, itumanaho rya fibre optique
● Mu 1966, “Se wa Optical Fibre”, Dr. Gao Yong yabanje gutanga igitekerezo cyo gutumanaho fibre optique.
● Mu 1970, Lin Yanxiong w'ikigo cya Bell Yan Institute yari laser ya semiconductor yashoboraga gukora ubudahwema mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
● Mu 1970, Kapron ya Corning yatakaje fibre 20dB / km.
● Mu 1977, umurongo wambere wubucuruzi wa Chicago wa 45Mb / s.
Imashanyarazi
Igabana ryitumanaho hamwe nibitangazamakuru byohereza
Kuvunika / gutekereza no kwerekana urumuri rwose
Kuberako urumuri rugenda muburyo butandukanye mubintu bitandukanye, mugihe urumuri rusohotse mubintu biva mubindi, kugabanuka no gutekereza bibaho hagati yimiterere yombi. Byongeye kandi, inguni yumucyo wacitse iratandukanye nu mpande zumucyo wabaye. Iyo inguni yibyabaye igeze cyangwa irenze inguni runaka, urumuri rwacitse ruzimira, kandi urumuri rwibyabaye byose ruzagaruka inyuma. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwo kwerekana urumuri. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite impande zinyuranye zo kugabanya uburebure bwumucyo umwe (ni ukuvuga, ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite indangagaciro zitandukanye), kandi ibikoresho bimwe bifite impande zinyuranye zo kugabanya uburebure bwumucyo utandukanye. Itumanaho rya fibre optique rishingiye kumahame yavuzwe haruguru.
Isaranganya ryerekana: Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga ibikoresho bya optique ni indangagaciro yo kwanga, igereranwa na N. Ikigereranyo cyumuvuduko wumucyo C mu cyuho n'umuvuduko wurumuri V mubikoresho nigitekerezo cyo kwanga ibintu.
N = C / V.
Igipimo cyo kwangirika kwikirahuri cya quartz kubitumanaho bya fibre optique ni 1.5.
Imiterere ya fibre
Fibre yambaye ubusa isanzwe igabanijwemo ibice bitatu:
Igice cya mbere: hagati murwego rwohejuru rwerekana indorerwamo yibirahure (diameter yibanze ni 9-10μm, (uburyo bumwe) 50 cyangwa 62.5 (multimode).
Igice cya kabiri: hagati ni indangagaciro ntoya ya silika ikirahuri cyambaye (diameter muri rusange ni 125μm).
Igice cya gatatu: hanze ni resin ikingira imbaraga.
1) ingenzi: indangagaciro yo kwangirika, ikoreshwa mu kohereza urumuri;
2) Gupfundikanya impuzu: indangagaciro ntoya, ikora ibintu byose hamwe nibitekerezo;
3) Ikoti ririnda: Ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi irashobora kwihanganira ingaruka nini zo kurinda fibre optique.
Umugozi wa 3mm optique: orange, MM, uburyo bwinshi; umuhondo, SM, uburyo bumwe
Ingano ya fibre
Diameter yo hanze muri rusange ni 125um (ugereranije 100um kumisatsi)
Diameter y'imbere: uburyo bumwe 9um; multimode 50 / 62.5um
Umubare utari muto
Ntabwo ibintu byose byabaye kumuri kumaso yanyuma ya fibre optique bishobora kwanduzwa na fibre optique, ariko urumuri rwabaye gusa murwego runaka. Iyi mfuruka yitwa numero aperture ya fibre. Umubare munini wumubare wa fibre optique ni byiza kuri docking ya fibre optique. Ababikora batandukanye bafite imibare itandukanye.
Ubwoko bwa fibre
Ukurikije uburyo bwo kohereza urumuri muri fibre optique, irashobora kugabanywamo:
Uburyo bwinshi (mu magambo ahinnye: MM); Uburyo bumwe (mu magambo ahinnye: SM)
Fibre ya Multimode: Hagati yikirahure hagati ni ndende (50 cyangwa 62.5μm) kandi irashobora kohereza urumuri muburyo bwinshi. Nyamara, uburyo bwacyo butandukanye ni bunini, bugabanya inshuro zo kohereza ibimenyetso bya digitale, kandi bizarushaho gukomera hamwe no kongera intera.Kurugero: 600MB / KM fibre ifite umurongo wa 300MB gusa kuri 2KM. Kubwibyo, ihererekanyabubasha rya fibre yuburyo bwinshi ni mugufi, mubisanzwe kilometero nkeya.
Fibre imwe-fibre: Hagati yikirahure hagati yoroheje cyane (diameter yibanze ni 9 cyangwa 10μm), kandi irashobora kohereza urumuri gusa muburyo bumwe. Mubyukuri, ni ubwoko bwintambwe-optique ya fibre optique, ariko diameter yibanze ni nto cyane. Mubyigisho, gusa urumuri rutaziguye rwinzira imwe yo gukwirakwiza yemerewe kwinjira muri fibre no gukwirakwiza neza muri fibre. Fibre pulse irambuye.Kubwibyo, intera-intera ikwirakwizwa ni nto kandi ikwiranye n’itumanaho rya kure, ariko ikwirakwizwa ryayo rya chromatic rifite uruhare runini. Muri ubu buryo, fibre imwe-fibre ifite ibisabwa byinshi kubugari bwikigereranyo no guhagarara kwumucyo utanga urumuri, ni ukuvuga ubugari bwikigereranyo ni bugufi kandi ihagaze neza. .
Itondekanya rya fibre optique
Ukoresheje ibikoresho:
Fibre y'ibirahure: Intangiriro no kwambara bikozwe mubirahure, hamwe nigihombo gito, intera ndende yoherejwe hamwe nigiciro kinini;
Rubikeri itwikiriwe na silicon optique fibre: intangiriro ni ikirahure kandi kwambara ni plastiki, ifite ibintu bisa na fibre yikirahure nigiciro gito;
Fibre optique ya fibre: Byombi nibyingenzi hamwe na cladding ni plastike, hamwe nigihombo kinini, intera ngufi yohereza, nigiciro gito. Ahanini ikoreshwa mubikoresho byo murugo, amajwi, hamwe no kohereza amashusho maremare.
Ukurikije uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza idirishya: bisanzwe bisanzwe fibre fibre hamwe na dispersion-ihinduranya imwe-fibre.
Ubwoko busanzwe: Inzu ya fibre optique itunganya optique ya fibre optique yoherejwe kumurongo umwe wumucyo, nka 1300nm.
Ubwoko bwa Dispersion bwahinduwe: Producer fibre optique itunganya fibre yohereza fibre kumurongo ibiri wumucyo, nka: 1300nm na 1550nm.
Guhinduka gutunguranye: Indanganturo ya fibre yibanze ya fibre yibirahure bitunguranye. Ifite igiciro gito kandi ikwirakwiza intera ndende. Birakwiriye intera ngufi itumanaho ryihuse, nko kugenzura inganda. Nyamara, fibre imwe-imwe ikoresha ubwoko bwa mutation kubera gutandukanya intera nto.
Gradient fibre: indangantego ya fibre yibikoresho bya fibre yambara ibirahure bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro, bituma urumuri rwo murwego rwo hejuru rushobora gukwirakwira muburyo bwa sinusoidal, bushobora kugabanya gutandukana hagati yuburyo, kongera umurongo wa fibre, no kongera intera yoherejwe, ariko ikiguzi ni murwego rwohejuru Mode fibre igizwe cyane na fibre.
Ibisobanuro rusange bya fibre
Ingano ya fibre:
1) Uburyo bumwe bwa diameter yibanze: 9/125μm, 10/125μm
2) Diameter yambaye hanze (2D) = 125μm
3) Diameter yo hanze ya diameter = 250μm
4) Ingurube: 300μm
5) Multimode: 50/125μm, igipimo cy’iburayi; 62.5 / 125μm, igipimo cyabanyamerika
6) Imiyoboro yinganda, ubuvuzi nubuvuduko bwihuse: 100/140μm, 200/230μm
7) Plastike: 98/1000μm, ikoreshwa mugucunga ibinyabiziga
Fibre attenuation
Ibintu nyamukuru bitera fibre attenuation ni: imbere, kunama, gukanda, umwanda, kutaringaniza nigituba.
Imbere: Ni igihombo cyihariye cya fibre optique, harimo: Rayleigh ikwirakwiza, kwinjiza imbere, nibindi.
Bend: Iyo fibre yunamye, urumuri igice cya fibre ruzabura kubera gutatana, bikaviramo igihombo.
Kunyeganyega: igihombo giterwa no kugonda gato fibre iyo ikubiswe.
Umwanda: Umwanda uri muri fibre optique ukurura kandi ukwirakwiza urumuri rwanduye muri fibre, bigatera igihombo.
Kudahuza kimwe: Igihombo cyatewe nuburinganire buke bwibikoresho bya fibre.
Docking: Igihombo cyatewe mugihe cyo gufunga fibre, nka: amashoka atandukanye (icyerekezo kimwe cya fibre coaxiality ibisabwa kiri munsi ya 0.8μm), isura yanyuma ntabwo ihindagurika kuri axis, isura yanyuma ntabwo iringaniye, umubyimba wibanze wa diameter ntabwo uhuye, kandi ubwiza bwo gutera ni bubi.
Ubwoko bwa kabili optique
1) Ukurikije uburyo bwo gushiraho: kwishyiriraho hejuru ya optique ya optique, insinga ya optique, imiyoboro ya optique yashyinguwe hamwe ninsinga za optique zo mu mazi.
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3) Ukurikije intego: insinga za optique zo gutumanaho kure, insinga zo hanze zo hanze zo mumwanya muto, insinga ya optique ya optique, hamwe ninsinga za optique zinyubako.
Guhuza no guhagarika insinga za optique
Guhuza no guhagarika insinga za optique nubuhanga bwibanze abakozi bashinzwe gufata neza optique bagomba kumenya.
Itondekanya rya tekinoroji ya fibre optique:
1) Tekinoroji yo guhuza fibre optique hamwe nubuhanga bwo guhuza insinga ya optique nibice bibiri.
2) Iherezo ryumugozi wa optique risa nu guhuza umugozi wa optique, usibye ko ibikorwa bigomba kuba bitandukanye kubera ibikoresho bitandukanye bihuza.
Ubwoko bwa fibre ihuza
Umuyoboro wa fibre optique urashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri:
1) Ihuza rihamye rya fibre optique (bakunze kwita umuhuza wapfuye). Mubisanzwe ukoreshe optique fibre fusion splicer; ikoreshwa kumutwe utaziguye wa kabili optique.
2) Ihuza rikora rya fibre optique (bakunze kwita umuhuza muzima). Koresha imiyoboro ikurwaho (ikunze kwitwa guhuza ingingo). Kuri fibre jumper, guhuza ibikoresho, nibindi.
Bitewe no kutuzuza isura yanyuma ya fibre optique hamwe no kudahuza igitutu kumaso yanyuma ya fibre optique, gutakaza ibice bya fibre optique kumasohoro imwe biracyari binini, kandi uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gusohora ibintu ni Byakoreshejwe. Ubwa mbere, shyushya kandi usohore isura yanyuma ya fibre, shushanya isura yanyuma, ukureho umukungugu n imyanda, hanyuma ukore umuvuduko wanyuma wimyambaro ya fibre ushushe.
Uburyo bwo gukurikirana uburyo bwo gutakaza fibre optique
Hariho uburyo butatu bwo gukurikirana igihombo cya fibre:
1. Gukurikirana kuri splicer.
2. Gukurikirana inkomoko yumucyo na metero ya optique.
3.uburyo bwo gupima
Uburyo bwo gukora bwa fibre optique
Ibikorwa bya fibre optique ihuza ibice muri rusange:
1. Gukoresha fibre yanyuma.
2. Kwishyiriraho guhuza fibre optique.
3. Gutera fibre optique.
4. Kurinda optique ya fibre optique.
5. Hariho intambwe eshanu kuri fibre isigaye.
Mubisanzwe, guhuza umugozi wa optique yose bikorwa ukurikije intambwe zikurikira:
Intambwe1: uburebure bwinshi, fungura kandi wambure umugozi wa optique, ukureho umugozi
Intambwe ya 2: Sukura kandi ukureho peteroli yuzuza peteroli muri kabili optique.
Intambwe ya 3: Bunga fibre.
Intambwe ya 4: Reba umubare wibikoresho bya fibre, kora fibre fibre, hanyuma urebe niba ibirango byamabara ya fibre aribyo.
Intambwe ya 5: Shimangira guhuza umutima;
Intambwe ya 6: Imirongo itandukanye yingoboka, harimo umurongo wubucuruzi, kugenzura imirongo ibiri, imirongo yubutaka ikingiwe, nibindi (niba imirongo yavuzwe haruguru irahari.
Intambwe 7: Huza fibre.
Intambwe ya 8: Kurinda fibre optique;
Intambwe 9: ububiko bwibikoresho bya fibre isigaye;
Intambwe ya 10: Uzuza ihuza rya jacketi ya optique;
Intambwe ya 11: Kurinda fibre optique
Gutakaza fibre
1310 nm: 0.35 ~ 0.5 dB / Km
1550 nm: 0.2 ~ 0.3dB / Km
850 nm: 2.3 kugeza 3.4 dB / Km
Gutakaza fibre optique yo gutakaza: 0.08dB / ingingo
Ingingo ya fibre point point 1 point / 2km
Amazina asanzwe ya fibre
1) Kwiyerekana
Attenuation: gutakaza ingufu iyo urumuri rwoherejwe muri fibre optique, fibre imwe imwe 1310nm 0.4 ~ 0,6dB / km, 1550nm 0.2 ~ 0.3dB / km; plastike ya multimode fibre 300dB / km
2) Gutatana
Gutatanya: Umuyoboro mwinshi wa pulses ziyongera nyuma yo gukora urugendo rurerure kuri fibre. Nibintu nyamukuru bigabanya igipimo cyo kwanduza.
Gutandukana hagati yuburyo: Bibaho gusa muri fibre fibre, kuko uburyo butandukanye bwurumuri rugenda munzira zitandukanye.
Ikwirakwizwa ryibikoresho: Uburebure butandukanye bwurugendo rwurumuri kumuvuduko utandukanye.
Ikwirakwizwa rya Waveguide: Ibi bibaho kubera ko ingufu z'urumuri zigenda ku muvuduko utandukanye gato nkuko zinyura mu nsi no kwambara. Muri fibre yuburyo bumwe, ni ngombwa cyane guhindura ikwirakwizwa rya fibre uhindura imiterere yimbere ya fibre.
Ubwoko bwa Fibre
G.652 zero ikwirakwiza ni hafi 1300nm
G.653 ikwirakwizwa rya zeru ni 1550nm
G.654 fibre itatanye
G.655 ikwirakwiza-fibre
Fibre yuzuye
3) gutatanya
Bitewe nimiterere yibanze yumucyo, gutakaza ingufu zumucyo biraterwa, kandi ihererekanyabubasha muriki gihe ntirigifite icyerekezo cyiza.
Ubumenyi bwibanze bwa sisitemu ya fibre optique
Intangiriro yubwubatsi n'imikorere ya sisitemu yibanze ya fibre optique:
1. Kohereza igice: ihindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi mubimenyetso bya optique;
2. Igice cyohereza: uburyo butwara ibimenyetso bya optique;
3. Kwakira igice: yakira ibimenyetso bya optique ikabihindura mubyuma byamashanyarazi;
4. Huza igikoresho: ihuza fibre optique nisoko yumucyo, kumenya urumuri nizindi fibre optique.
Ubwoko bwihuza rusange
Umuhuza wanyuma wubwoko bwubwoko
Abashakanye
Igikorwa nyamukuru nugukwirakwiza ibimenyetso bya optique. Porogaramu zingenzi ziri mumiyoboro ya fibre optique, cyane cyane mumiyoboro yaho ndetse no mubice bigabanya imirongo myinshi.
imiterere shingiro
Coupler nigikoresho cyerekezo cyoroshye. Imiterere shingiro ni igiti ninyenyeri. Ihuriro rihuye no gutandukana.
WDM
WDM-Igice cya Wavelength Multiplexer itanga ibimenyetso byinshi bya optique muri fibre optique. Ibi bimenyetso bya optique bifite imirongo itandukanye n'amabara atandukanye. WDM multiplexer nuguhuza ibimenyetso byinshi bya optique muri fibre optique imwe; demultiplexing multiplexer nugutandukanya ibimenyetso byinshi bya optique na fibre optique.
Igice cya Wavelength Multiplexer (Umugani)
Ibisobanuro bya pulses muri sisitemu ya sisitemu:
1. Amplitude: Uburebure bwa pulse bugereranya ingufu za optique muri sisitemu ya fibre optique.
2. Igihe cyo kuzamuka: igihe gisabwa kugirango pulse izamuke kuva 10% kugeza kuri 90% ya amplitude ntarengwa.
3. Igihe cyo kugwa: igihe gisabwa kugirango pulse igabanuke kuva 90% kugeza 10% ya amplitude.
4. Ubugari bwa pulse: Ubugari bwa pulse kumwanya wa 50% amplitude, bigaragarira mugihe.
5. Ukuzenguruka: igihe cyihariye nigihe cyakazi gisabwa kugirango urangize ukwezi.
6. Ikigereranyo cyo kuzimangana: Ikigereranyo cyumuriro 1 wumucyo wumucyo na 0 ibimenyetso byumucyo.
Ibisobanuro by'ibice bisanzwe mu itumanaho rya fibre optique:
1.dB = 10 log10 (Pout / Pin)
Pout: ibisohoka imbaraga; Pin: imbaraga zo kwinjiza
2. dBm = 10 log10 (P / 1mw), nigice gikoreshwa cyane mubuhanga bwitumanaho; mubisanzwe byerekana imbaraga za optique hamwe na miliwatt 1 nkibisobanuro;
urugero:-10dBm bivuze ko imbaraga za optique zingana na 100uw.
3.dBu = 10 log10 (P / 1uw)